0:00:12.320,0:00:17.340
Herald Angel: Anja Drephal studied[br]history, American studies, Japanese
0:00:17.340,0:00:23.720
studies in Berlin and Tokyo in Graz and[br]also in Vienna and when I asked her she
0:00:23.720,0:00:30.310
said kind of everywhere. So, it's her[br]third talk on a Chaos Communication
0:00:30.310,0:00:36.449
Congress. She was here three years ago and[br]two years ago and we are very happy to
0:00:36.449,0:00:40.820
have her back - please welcome her![br]applause
0:00:45.910,0:00:51.516
Anja Drephal: Thank you! Oh I'm on -[br]that's good! I would have taken that
0:00:51.516,0:00:57.469
screwdriver but - okay, it's too bad![br]Well, thank you all for being here I hope
0:00:57.469,0:01:04.420
you all having a good time so far. It's[br]day three and I'm having a good time. It's
0:01:04.420,0:01:10.119
a very good Congress. This year[br]unfortunately it's been hard for some
0:01:10.119,0:01:15.860
people to actually be here. It's been a[br]nightmare to buy tickets online. So in
0:01:15.860,0:01:21.110
addition I'd like to welcome everybody[br]watching a stream from at home or Congress
0:01:21.110,0:01:30.360
everywhere so thank you for watching![br]Anyone of you watching this from at home
0:01:30.360,0:01:37.960
or anyone of you who has some sort of cell[br]phone mobile device connected to the
0:01:37.960,0:01:44.869
Congress Wi-Fi has actually been using[br]spread spectrum technology in the past
0:01:44.869,0:01:53.759
couple days. But this is not a talk about[br]spread-spectrum technology. Oh, and I
0:01:53.759,0:01:56.860
wanted to give a hint to the translations[br]team - in German, that's
0:01:56.860,0:02:05.409
"Bandspreizverfahren" and... je suis[br]desolé, je ne sais pas what it means in
0:02:05.409,0:02:11.540
French... So, this is not what I want to[br]talk about because I would never pretend
0:02:11.540,0:02:17.440
to be an electrical engineer or a fully[br]trained computer scientist who is
0:02:17.440,0:02:22.850
qualified to explain this very complex[br]technology.
0:02:22.850,0:02:31.780
What I want to do is tell you a story,[br]give you a short 20 minute overview of a
0:02:31.780,0:02:40.760
person, a remarkable person, who worked on[br]the development of spread spectrum
0:02:40.760,0:02:48.919
technology about 75 years ago and until[br]recently was not recognized for her
0:02:48.919,0:02:59.239
accomplishments. Let's say you are an[br]electrical engineer or you are a computer
0:02:59.239,0:03:07.459
scientist and you want to learn about this[br]technology. I try to avoid saying it
0:03:07.459,0:03:13.050
because it's such a tongue twister and I'm[br]gonna stumble over the spread-spectrum.
0:03:13.050,0:03:20.150
So yeah, so you go to your library and you[br]find lots of big handbooks, handbook on
0:03:20.150,0:03:26.030
spread-spectrum communication for example[br]and there you usually you have sort of an
0:03:26.030,0:03:34.100
introduction with something like this[br]never mind if you can't read it right now
0:03:34.100,0:03:40.230
I've uploaded my slides so you can look at[br]it later and I'll also explain anything
0:03:40.230,0:03:47.310
that's important this is from an Austrian[br]handbook and of course it mentions a
0:03:47.310,0:03:53.470
"Claude Shannon" in 1948 publishing a[br]mathematical theory of communication, a
0:03:53.470,0:04:01.410
very important paper, and before that[br]actually it mentions in 1942 "Markey" and
0:04:01.410,0:04:07.880
"Antheil" are patenting the first spread-[br]spectrum system ever.
0:04:07.880,0:04:13.530
So you're wondering who is "Markey" and[br]"Antheil"? Probably some guys at MIT,
0:04:13.530,0:04:22.790
right? Working for the military in 1942,[br]developing secret weapons? It could be.
0:04:22.790,0:04:27.185
So, ladies and gentlemen, this is Markey.[br]
0:04:33.957,0:04:39.970
Hedwig Kiesler born in 1914 in Vienna.
0:04:39.970,0:04:46.710
She was a beautiful child, she was 16 when[br]she decided to quit school and become an
0:04:46.710,0:04:55.910
actress, she started hanging around the[br]Sascha-Film studio in Vienna. She also
0:04:55.910,0:05:02.570
stalked famous director Max Reinhardt[br]until he cast her in his play "The Weaker
0:05:02.570,0:05:09.760
Sex". She had a couple more minor roles,[br]she played "Sissi", she played opposite
0:05:09.760,0:05:18.370
Heinz Rühmann, and it was - oopsie - it[br]was Max Reinhardt who - promoting his play
0:05:18.370,0:05:23.350
- coined the phrase "Hedy Kiesler is the[br]most beautiful woman in the world!" and
0:05:23.350,0:05:30.851
the press picked it up very quickly. Here[br]she's again. Then when she was 18, she did
0:05:30.851,0:05:37.480
something very daring: she starred in[br]Czech film called "Ecstasy". It's very
0:05:37.480,0:05:42.530
interesting, please ask me about it or[br]watch it on YouTube. There was full
0:05:42.530,0:05:52.900
frontal nudity and she faked the first on-[br]screen orgasm. The film was banned, the
0:05:52.900,0:05:56.754
Pope denounced it and Hedy became famous.[br]
0:05:59.990,0:06:02.990
But then after "Ecstasy", surprisingly,
0:06:02.990,0:06:11.240
Hedy stopped acting and she married: this[br]guy. She became the young trophy wife of
0:06:11.240,0:06:19.030
Fritz Mandl. He was - at that time - the[br]third richest man in Austria. He was the
0:06:19.030,0:06:24.877
owner of the "Hirtenberger ammunitions[br]factory", he was also an Austro-fascist,
0:06:24.877,0:06:35.440
he supplied weapons to a lot of unsavory[br]individuals and organizations and - as his
0:06:35.440,0:06:40.250
beautiful young trophy wife - she was[br]supposed to be there at parties, at
0:06:40.250,0:06:46.560
meetings with important industrialists,[br]weapons dealers, politicians and to just
0:06:46.560,0:06:52.600
stand there and look beautiful.[br]But she also listened when they spoke
0:06:52.600,0:07:02.199
about developments, about German glide[br]bombs being tested and developed. She
0:07:02.199,0:07:09.610
listened and she noticed. After a couple[br]of years, for whatever reason, I think
0:07:09.610,0:07:15.338
Mandl was pretty controlling and then[br]jealous, for one reason or another, Hedy
0:07:15.338,0:07:22.488
left him and used her "Ecstasy"-fame to go[br]to the US and get a contract at MGM in
0:07:22.488,0:07:34.730
1937. Her first film in the US was[br]"Algiers" and this film established her
0:07:34.730,0:07:45.150
fame, her new look, her hairstyle and this[br]very distant kind of unsmiling style that
0:07:45.150,0:07:50.990
MGM had in mind for her and they also[br]promoted her as the most beautiful woman
0:07:50.990,0:08:01.139
in the world. Critics usually agreed that[br]she could not act, but, oh my god, she's
0:08:01.139,0:08:12.230
so beautiful, who cares? She... actually,[br]she was not just beautiful. She was also
0:08:12.230,0:08:17.610
bored with acting, because usually,[br]working for a studio, you made like two
0:08:17.610,0:08:22.673
movies a year, which took a couple weeks,[br]and the rest of the time, well, there was
0:08:22.673,0:08:31.790
no Netflix. So, she didn't like to party[br]that much, she read, she painted and she
0:08:31.790,0:08:43.828
always invented little gadgets at home.[br]And she also worried, of course, at that
0:08:43.828,0:08:47.944
time. She worried about the war going on[br]in Europe. She had... She was an
0:08:47.944,0:08:55.340
immigrant, after all. She had friends and[br]family still in Europe and, oh yeah, it's
0:08:55.340,0:09:04.306
just a couple of... that's Clark Gable,[br]Jimmy Stewart, and then she was Delilah in
0:09:04.306,0:09:15.660
"Samson and Delilah", Technicolor, yeah,[br]anyway she worried. And that's a fun tweet
0:09:15.660,0:09:20.410
I found: "The feeling when you are 3,000[br]percent done with glam photo shoots and
0:09:20.410,0:09:24.320
are inwardly planning a new radio[br]frequency system for torpedoes"
0:09:24.320,0:09:27.500
laughter[br]I like it.
0:09:27.500,0:09:33.523
So that's what she started doing, because[br]she remembered what she had picked up. She
0:09:33.523,0:09:39.130
knew about German bombs being controlled[br]by radio, she knew that Germany was using
0:09:39.130,0:09:44.860
18 different frequencies for their glide[br]bombs and usually dispatching 18 bombs at
0:09:44.860,0:09:49.930
a time so the enemy would have to jam[br]every single frequency and at least one
0:09:49.930,0:09:57.460
would - you know - get through.[br]So especially in 1914, when Germany
0:09:57.460,0:10:06.200
started sinking English ships in September[br]1940, 77 children who were being evacuated
0:10:06.200,0:10:15.946
to Canada died, she offered her knowledge[br]about weapons to the Navy. She thought
0:10:15.946,0:10:22.100
about offering it, because she had an[br]idea. These German glide bombs they were
0:10:22.100,0:10:29.320
radio-controlled. So why not make[br]torpedoes with radio control to increase
0:10:29.320,0:10:33.810
their chances of hitting targets and not[br]just going in a straight line and maybe
0:10:33.810,0:10:39.570
hitting something or not. Her second idea[br]was to use just really really short
0:10:39.570,0:10:46.020
signals just split-second radio signals[br]between the ship, the torpedo and a plane
0:10:46.020,0:10:55.870
overhead, in between longer intervals of[br]radio silence. And then her idea was
0:10:55.870,0:11:01.500
changing the frequency of the split-second[br]signal, making it harder to intercept and
0:11:01.500,0:11:07.560
jam. Let's check, she just said "Okay,[br]let's just use a lot of frequencies and hop!".
0:11:07.560,0:11:14.370
She called it "frequency hopping".[br]But of course, the question is: how to do that?
0:11:14.370,0:11:17.950
[br]And here's where that second name
0:11:17.950,0:11:25.910
mentioned in the patent comes in. This is[br]"George Antheil". He was from New Jersey.
0:11:25.910,0:11:33.310
In the 1920s, he moved to Berlin and then[br]to Paris and became famous as an avant-
0:11:33.310,0:11:40.000
garde composer and pianist. There's[br]another one...
0:11:40.000,0:11:46.050
His most famous composition was the[br]"Ballet Mécanique" in 1924, where he tried
0:11:46.050,0:11:51.890
to synchronize 16 player pianos and he[br]also used airplane propellers and
0:11:51.890,0:11:59.100
sirens... You can also watch it on the[br]internet. Listen to, it's crazy! It was
0:11:59.100,0:12:06.150
the score for a movie, actually.[br]So, he knew about synchronizing mechanical
0:12:06.150,0:12:14.220
instruments when he met Hedy in 1940 at[br]one of those Hollywood parties.
0:12:14.220,0:12:19.600
And they started working together on their[br]secret communication system, which they
0:12:19.600,0:12:28.860
proposed to the National Inventors Council[br]in 1941. Ah, here he is. There's... The
0:12:28.860,0:12:36.530
tall one is Hedy and on the right is[br]George and the woman in the striped dress
0:12:36.530,0:12:47.070
is George's wife. So their secret[br]communication system suggested using 88
0:12:47.070,0:12:52.660
frequencies, because there are 88 keys on[br]a piano (it was just a little in-joke) and
0:12:52.660,0:13:00.880
hopping between them, synchronizing the[br]sender, the transmitter, and the receiver
0:13:00.880,0:13:07.050
and in addition using random signals on[br]three extra frequencies to just make some
0:13:07.050,0:13:12.410
noise. So, you have 88 frequencies and[br]you're hopping on some with the signal.
0:13:12.410,0:13:15.760
You're sending one signal there, one[br]signal here, and then you're sending
0:13:15.760,0:13:23.330
random signals that don't mean anything[br]and if the enemy actually manages to
0:13:23.330,0:13:29.170
intercept one of these frequencies, they[br]would be like just one "blip" and it
0:13:29.170,0:13:32.889
wouldn't make any sense.[br]
0:13:36.028,0:13:39.950
What I want to just quickly [br]talk about is this.
0:13:39.950,0:13:44.230
So this is what they [br]thought might happen.
0:13:44.230,0:13:51.440
Here's an American ship going there[br]dispatching a torpedo that would usually
0:13:51.440,0:13:55.950
go here.[br]Here's a German ship and it doesn't go in
0:13:55.950,0:14:00.440
a straight line because it's trying to[br]evade the torpedo.
0:14:00.440,0:14:07.390
Here's plane and the plane is watching and[br]messaging the ship that the torpedo needs
0:14:07.390,0:14:12.940
to change its course and the ship is[br]messaging the torpedo "go left, go right,
0:14:12.940,0:14:16.265
go left, go right, go left", and then -[br]boom.
0:14:19.399,0:14:24.980
For synchronization between the sender and[br]the receiver they suggested using these
0:14:24.980,0:14:33.660
paper ribbons with punch holes just like[br]in those mechanical pianos that Antheil
0:14:33.660,0:14:35.948
used to be familiar with.
0:14:37.596,0:14:44.250
Oh here's actually a notebook [br]that they used for the
0:14:44.250,0:14:52.200
mechanism that was supposed to make the[br]sender and the receiver go off at the same
0:14:52.200,0:14:59.950
time, so they would be synchronized. The[br]New York Times picked it up and - like
0:14:59.950,0:15:11.250
they said - the National Inventors Council[br]actually was positive, liked the idea and
0:15:11.250,0:15:17.540
suggested that they should patent this.[br]The US patents office awarded them the
0:15:17.540,0:15:25.860
patent but the Navy rejected it,[br]eventually. The Navy said it's too bulky,
0:15:25.860,0:15:31.700
it's too big, we can't make this. But the[br]question is: Why?
0:15:31.700,0:15:36.339
The Navy actually thought because they had[br]said they wanted to use these paper
0:15:36.339,0:15:41.360
ribbons just like in a piano and they were[br]like: "We can't put a piano in a torpedo,
0:15:41.360,0:15:47.161
are you crazy? It's not gonna work!" In[br]fact it would have been much smaller, of
0:15:47.161,0:15:53.970
course. And then there was the issue of a[br]Hollywood star, known for her beautiful
0:15:53.970,0:16:01.260
face and a crazy composer inventing a[br]weapon system? I don't think so.
0:16:01.260,0:16:07.839
Then again the timing was kind of bad[br]right after Pearl Harbor the Navy was in
0:16:07.839,0:16:15.010
shock and busy fixing their existing[br]torpedo system. Because in 1942 about 60%
0:16:15.010,0:16:20.670
of American torpedoes were duds. They[br]exploded too soon, they didn't explode at
0:16:20.670,0:16:28.060
all, they went anywhere and so the Navy[br]was like "Okay, we got to fix this and we
0:16:28.060,0:16:33.160
can't really develop anything new right[br]now." And then one point that I've been
0:16:33.160,0:16:40.320
thinking about is Hedy at that point was[br]still technically an enemy alien.
0:16:40.320,0:16:48.680
She wasn't naturalized until 1953. So there's[br]obviously always the question of loyalty,
0:16:48.680,0:16:54.899
I think.[br]Instead, she was... it was suggested that
0:16:54.899,0:17:02.970
she should help the war by selling war[br]bonds, which she did very successfully.
0:17:02.970,0:17:09.010
She sold seven million of... seven million[br]dollars of war bonds in one day which is
0:17:09.010,0:17:12.201
in today's money about [br]100 million dollars.
0:17:12.201,0:17:18.476
She also served cake at the[br]famous Hollywood Canteen.[br]
0:17:18.476,0:17:26.459
But her patent seemed [br]to have been forgotten.
0:17:28.093,0:17:34.114
It ran out in 1959. [br]She never got anything from it.
0:17:34.114,0:17:38.230
She never got any financial gain.[br]Nothing.
0:17:38.230,0:17:43.080
But in fact, there was secret military[br]research on this topic.
0:17:43.080,0:17:47.700
From the 1940s until the 1970s,[br]it was classified.
0:17:47.700,0:17:56.019
The first time spread-spectrum technology[br]was used by the military was in 1962,
0:17:56.019,0:18:03.330
during the Cuban Missile Crisis. A system[br]called "BLADES" was installed in ships in
0:18:03.330,0:18:10.289
the Caribbean and later also in the[br]Mediterranean Sea. And this system using
0:18:10.289,0:18:17.580
frequency-hopping spread-spectrum was the[br]only one that could not be jammed at that point.
0:18:17.580,0:18:20.720
[br]Civil use of this technology came much
0:18:20.720,0:18:30.850
much later in the 1970s, 1980s when the[br]FCC started with a deregulation of
0:18:30.850,0:18:38.109
frequencies and allowed civil use of[br]various frequencies in... let's say
0:18:38.109,0:18:45.299
microwaves, later mobile phones,[br]Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc., etc., it actually
0:18:45.299,0:18:53.789
started being used in the civil sector.[br]In the early 1990s Dave Hughes, who is
0:18:53.789,0:18:59.669
known as an internet pioneer, came across[br]Hedy, researched her patent and lobbied
0:18:59.669,0:19:04.661
for her recognition for the first time.
0:19:04.661,0:19:08.735
He got her nominated for the Electronic
0:19:08.739,0:19:18.149
Frontier Foundation's Pioneer Award, which[br]she was awarded in 1997. She was 82 years
0:19:18.149,0:19:26.539
old, she didn't leave the house anymore.[br]Her son went there and got that award on
0:19:26.539,0:19:31.519
her behalf and supposedly she was very[br]happy about it that she finally got some
0:19:31.519,0:19:36.619
recognition.[br]In the past 10 years especially in Austria
0:19:36.619,0:19:43.600
there has been at last more recognition of[br]Hedy. There was an exhibition around the
0:19:43.600,0:19:50.159
country. The Austrian Republic awards the[br]Hedy Lamarr award for achievements by
0:19:50.159,0:19:58.779
women in information technology. And[br]Vienna named a street after Hedy. Her
0:19:58.779,0:20:03.950
birthday is now "Inventor's Day". In the[br]United States she was finally inducted in
0:20:03.950,0:20:08.169
the National Inventor's Hall of Fame two[br]years ago.
0:20:08.169,0:20:16.830
Well, I've been trying to speak just 20[br]minutes giving you an overview of this - I
0:20:16.830,0:20:24.860
think remarkable - person who should get[br]much more recognition than she did.
0:20:24.860,0:20:34.850
I think I've been a bit faster, actually -[br]that's good. I'm hoping that maybe I've
0:20:34.850,0:20:42.090
been able to inspire some interest in this[br]person and maybe inspire as someone to
0:20:42.090,0:20:48.013
read up on her or maybe watch her movies.[br]Sadly, she's been all but forgotten.
0:20:48.013,0:20:55.984
Her career was... was big and very short. And[br]then she lived on for decades, she was
0:20:55.984,0:21:02.580
forgotten, her inventions were forgotten.[br]So, I'm hoping that maybe you'd like to
0:21:02.580,0:21:08.799
look at some sources, watch the movies you[br]could contact me. I have some... some
0:21:08.799,0:21:17.429
really good books that I read on her that[br]I would recommend. And that would be good.
0:21:17.429,0:21:27.629
That would... That would make me very[br]happy, because doing research on Hedy was fun.
0:21:27.629,0:21:34.050
It kind of you kind of develop a[br]relationship to a person like that and I like her.
0:21:34.050,0:21:39.982
She was she was considered[br]difficult, as a woman, as an actor,
0:21:39.982,0:21:47.820
but I think she was considered difficult for[br]doing things that any man would have been considered:
0:21:47.820,0:21:51.640
"Yeah, he's a strong guy and he knows[br]what he wants and he does what he wants!"
0:21:51.640,0:21:54.679
She was always doing things her own way.
0:21:54.679,0:21:57.587
She came to America on her own, alone.
0:21:57.587,0:22:03.029
She made her way. She was...[br]She was basically, you could say, she was a refugee.
0:22:03.029,0:22:05.109
I mean, she came with a contract,
0:22:05.109,0:22:10.690
but she couldn't go back. Austria was[br]gone, there was war. She always missed it
0:22:10.690,0:22:15.679
and she had to make her own way. She had[br]to fight for a place in life and she
0:22:15.679,0:22:23.059
always tried to find happiness.[br]Unfortunately, she didn't really find it.
0:22:23.059,0:22:31.539
And so, in closing, before, we can have a[br]couple minutes for questions, I hope.
0:22:31.539,0:22:37.200
I'd like to ask you to give [br]a hand to Hedy.
0:22:37.234,0:22:49.134
applause
0:22:49.144,0:22:51.229
Herald Angel: Thanks a lot, Anya, for this
0:22:51.229,0:22:58.690
very nice talk. We have a couple of[br]minutes for questions and answers, so if
0:22:58.690,0:23:08.210
you have something that you would like to[br]know, please feel free to go to the mics.
0:23:08.210,0:23:10.729
There's something going on online I think.
0:23:10.729,0:23:11.729
AD: Okay
0:23:11.729,0:23:17.289
Questioner: Yes thank you. I would like to[br]know, are there any compatible stories,
0:23:17.289,0:23:24.360
where non-technical people / persons[br]contributed to technology.
0:23:24.360,0:23:26.491
AD: I'm not sure
0:23:26.491,0:23:28.730
Q: Is there another Hedy?
0:23:28.730,0:23:32.289
AD: Oh another Hedy... I'm pretty sure
0:23:32.289,0:23:41.179
there is. I can't come up with any example[br]right now, but... maybe someone does.
0:23:41.179,0:23:45.320
Because there are so many people,[br]especially women, who are being overlooked
0:23:45.320,0:23:51.279
for what they're doing like she was. I'm[br]sorry, I can't really come up with any
0:23:51.279,0:23:58.169
examples right now. But especially when it[br]comes to women, it's still, sadly, it's
0:23:58.169,0:24:05.059
still so hard for women, to be recognized[br]in a technological field like a man would.
0:24:05.059,0:24:12.950
This always... Maybe especially when[br]you're this pretty. Nobody thinks that
0:24:12.950,0:24:18.929
there's anything behind this pretty face[br]and I know, I would... like, if anyone has
0:24:18.929,0:24:26.629
an example that would be great? I'm sure[br]there's a lot of people who are another Hedy.
0:24:26.629,0:24:32.960
HA: I think the person on microphone 2 was[br]nodding to that, but you have a question
0:24:32.960,0:24:33.960
there right?
0:24:33.960,0:24:39.489
Mic 2: Yeah, that actually kind of covered[br]my question. But I just... first of all
0:24:39.489,0:24:46.109
wanted to thank you so much for doing this[br]talk and also maybe to sort of respond to
0:24:46.109,0:24:49.090
you. I think, one of the things we could[br]think about is not only women but also
0:24:49.090,0:24:55.269
people particularly in what we still call[br]"The Global South" who are doing amazing
0:24:55.269,0:24:59.909
work that doesn't get recognized and - you[br]know - we come to conferences and there's
0:24:59.909,0:25:06.029
oftentimes not a lot of communication[br]between developers in those places. So I
0:25:06.029,0:25:08.860
think it's very likely that's where our[br]next Hedy Lamarr could come from.
0:25:08.860,0:25:09.860
AD: Probably.
0:25:09.860,0:25:11.049
Mic 2: So that being said I do have a
0:25:11.049,0:25:16.289
question for you. Which is: What can[br]everybody here do to try to help avoid
0:25:16.289,0:25:19.559
this? How can we think outside the box and[br]be reaching out
0:25:19.559,0:25:25.490
to people and maybe uncovering hidden work[br]and sort of breaking the mold? Because
0:25:25.490,0:25:29.109
that's what happened to her like, she got[br]stuck in this structure that existed.
0:25:29.109,0:25:34.109
AD: By thinking outside the box I think.
0:25:34.109,0:25:42.940
By supporting - not just girls - from an[br]early age, you know? To just not look at
0:25:42.940,0:25:50.379
this gender stereotypes. You have a girl[br]and so "Yeah, she can't be interested in
0:25:50.379,0:25:56.700
technology." You should just be open and[br]be open to anyone who's asking questions,
0:25:56.700,0:25:59.399
who wants to learn and support that.
0:25:59.399,0:26:04.010
Mic 2: It's really awesome to see so many[br]little girls here - yeah, thanks to all
0:26:04.010,0:26:06.179
the parents who are doing that.
0:26:06.179,0:26:11.469
applause
0:26:11.469,0:26:13.539
HA: We have one more question online.
0:26:13.539,0:26:18.959
Q: Yes thank you. Can you elaborate a[br]little bit on her formal education?
0:26:18.959,0:26:22.200
Was there anything else than Normal School?
0:26:22.200,0:26:34.349
AD: Yes. Well, she was born in 1914. [br]She went... Typically a girl of her status,
0:26:34.349,0:26:41.309
she was from a well-off family, her dad[br]was a banker, went to a girl's school,
0:26:41.309,0:26:52.559
which she did. But as far as I've read up,[br]her dad actually supported her learning.
0:26:52.559,0:27:03.990
He taught her a lot, he took her hiking,[br]he told her how technical apparatuses work
0:27:03.990,0:27:08.590
and he always supported [br]her learning a lot.
0:27:08.590,0:27:15.359
But then again, she had the typical formal[br]education of a girl of her age and status.
0:27:15.359,0:27:22.879
And when she was 16, she was at a[br]finishing school in Switzerland and she
0:27:22.879,0:27:27.770
ran away, because she wanted to be an[br]actress. So I guess, it was not that challenging.
0:27:27.770,0:27:30.932
it was nothing that really[br]interested her in that school.
0:27:30.932,0:27:34.764
I'm guessing, girls[br]they learned how to be a good wife.[br]
0:27:34.764,0:27:41.490
How to, you know, know enough so [br]that you're not too boring for your future husband.
0:27:41.490,0:27:45.570
That was the goal of educating girls.
0:27:45.570,0:27:48.440
HA: We got another question on Mic 1.
0:27:48.440,0:27:51.279
Mic 1: I would like to thank you for this
0:27:51.279,0:28:00.969
talk as well and for the intervention just[br]on microphone number 2. I would like to
0:28:00.969,0:28:06.529
know what led you to researching Hedy's[br]life and how did you stumble upon this
0:28:06.529,0:28:10.509
personality? Because as you said yourself[br]it's hard to, I mean, they're not
0:28:10.509,0:28:16.179
recognized - how how do you find her at[br]all? Thank you.
0:28:16.179,0:28:19.679
AD: So, how did I find her? I found her
0:28:19.679,0:28:27.029
last year. I had never ever heard of her.[br]Never seen any of her movies. Somebody on
0:28:27.029,0:28:34.059
Twitter, who I follow, posted a link about[br]her. Like an article online about her
0:28:34.059,0:28:39.690
inventions. And I read that and I thought[br]"Wow... That's interesting! Who is that?"
0:28:39.690,0:28:45.309
And then I just started googling her and[br]in the end I started buying all these
0:28:45.309,0:28:49.820
books and reading and watching her movies[br]and I'm really happy about that because,
0:28:49.820,0:28:56.350
as I said, I really like her.[br]So, yeah, Twitter.
0:28:59.660,0:29:02.010
HA: , I think... There's someone at Mic 6. Yeah, I
0:29:02.010,0:29:06.380
wasn't sure because you sat down again...[br]So please, ask your question now.
0:29:06.380,0:29:10.100
Mic 6: I'm not sure, you said like, the
0:29:10.100,0:29:15.019
name of the talk was "The Woman Behind Wi-[br]Fi" - can you explain the title and her
0:29:15.019,0:29:18.659
position and what was made out of her[br]theory?
0:29:18.659,0:29:23.659
AD: Yes, I chose that title, because a lot
0:29:23.659,0:29:32.320
of articles... there's a lot of short[br]mentions of her online and they often
0:29:32.320,0:29:40.019
stressed that she was one of the pioneers[br]of these technologies that eventually led
0:29:40.019,0:29:48.081
to today's Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. And[br]there's still always this discussion, when
0:29:48.081,0:29:53.090
somebody says well yeah she invented Wi-Fi[br](which I wouldn't say, because she didn't)
0:29:53.090,0:30:04.919
but she was one of many pioneers working[br]on this technology the past decades and
0:30:04.919,0:30:13.730
there's still always kind of misogynistic[br]backlash when somebody recognizes her
0:30:13.730,0:30:21.049
achievement. Then people are always "Yeah,[br]it's so different Wi-Fi and spread-
0:30:21.049,0:30:26.409
spectrum today from what she did and she[br]didn't really do anything, it's not that
0:30:26.409,0:30:34.259
important!" and that's still today. And I[br]think it is important, what she did. She
0:30:34.259,0:30:41.549
was ahead of her time. She thought about[br]something that scientists during that time
0:30:41.549,0:30:51.840
could not grasp. It was possible her[br]patent was feasible and it's - to answer
0:30:51.840,0:30:56.809
your question - it's kind of a little[br]provocative, maybe, the title.
0:30:56.809,0:31:05.499
Intentionally to just make you think about[br]"What exactly did she do?". Which is not
0:31:05.499,0:31:06.590
that little, I think.
0:31:06.590,0:31:12.419
HA: I think regardless of a provocative[br]title it was a really amazing talk and we
0:31:12.419,0:31:15.977
would like to thank you one more time, Anja Drephal
0:31:15.977,0:31:21.820
applause
0:31:21.820,0:31:29.886
music
0:31:29.886,0:31:46.000
subtitles created by c3subtitles.de[br]in the year 2017. Join, and help us!