1 00:00:04,791 --> 00:00:09,568 電影《芭比》造成的文化衝擊難以忽視 2 00:00:09,966 --> 00:00:12,317 「嗨,芭比」 「嗨,肯尼」 3 00:00:12,735 --> 00:00:17,748 觀眾為之著迷,評論家驚呼,討論聲浪此彼落 4 00:00:18,084 --> 00:00:22,201 且其票房利潤極為可觀 5 00:00:22,372 --> 00:00:27,747 「電影《芭比》繼續以超越一億美金的利潤打破全球票房紀錄」 6 00:00:27,747 --> 00:00:30,019 其在文化上達成的成就著實令人驚嘆 7 00:00:30,135 --> 00:00:36,418 尤其考慮到整部電影同時也是一系列塑膠娃娃的大型廣告 8 00:00:36,853 --> 00:00:41,973 但有一派聲浪卻是全然的冷感 9 00:00:43,425 --> 00:00:46,709 「儘管充滿少女泡泡粉,《芭比》成了某些右翼保守人士 10 00:00:46,709 --> 00:00:48,785 的撻伐對象」 11 00:00:48,880 --> 00:00:52,853 「他們藉由醜化男性來為自己賦權」 12 00:00:53,095 --> 00:00:56,261 「女性主義者對現代父權之惡的謾罵」 13 00:00:56,403 --> 00:00:59,681 「這部電影誤導女孩子們──爹地其實是個蠢蛋 14 00:00:59,681 --> 00:01:01,025 或是專橫的白癡」 15 00:01:01,147 --> 00:01:03,852 「它就只是女權垃圾,而且實為倡導仇男」 16 00:01:03,908 --> 00:01:06,091 「然後肯尼又笨又討人厭」 17 00:01:06,281 --> 00:01:10,809 「不只是抹黑肯尼,更是對所有男性」 18 00:01:11,524 --> 00:01:14,789 如果你已經看過了電影,應該會對這些言論感到困惑 19 00:01:14,950 --> 00:01:17,724 因為實際上〈芭比〉的劇情為了展現對肯尼的同情 20 00:01:17,724 --> 00:01:19,886 而特地繞了遠路 21 00:01:20,224 --> 00:01:25,004 真要說的話,可能太同情他了些 22 00:01:25,026 --> 00:01:27,345 「我想我欠你一個道歉」 「蛤?」 23 00:01:27,345 --> 00:01:31,055 或許我們可以便宜行事,直接斷論這部電影 24 00:01:31,329 --> 00:01:35,507 是一柱又起的文化戰爭的硝煙 25 00:01:35,806 --> 00:01:38,187 但我認為反對論調中藏有 26 00:01:38,391 --> 00:01:43,007 某些有害的東西值得我們嚴肅看待 27 00:01:43,699 --> 00:01:47,004 尤其是某個詞,好像觸了逆鱗 28 00:01:47,341 --> 00:01:49,387 「這個嘛,我還沒看過芭比 29 00:01:49,387 --> 00:01:51,378 但我知道很多人在討論『父權體制』這個詞 30 00:01:51,378 --> 00:01:52,753 在電影裡被用了多少次」 31 00:01:52,753 --> 00:01:56,423 「女性主義啊,父權體制啊,然後爭來爭去之類的」 32 00:01:56,540 --> 00:02:00,905 「而且斷言它是父權體制,這個詞在電影裡ˋ被用了好幾次」 33 00:02:00,905 --> 00:02:04,033 伊隆·馬斯克:「假設你每次聽到『父權體制』就乾一杯 34 00:02:04,033 --> 00:02:05,764 電影還沒播完你就斷片了」 35 00:02:05,764 --> 00:02:08,743 「我們都知道『父權體制』一詞的出現次數不下十次」 36 00:02:08,829 --> 00:02:12,371 「這部電影有滿滿的『父權體制』」 37 00:02:12,613 --> 00:02:16,117 「這詞在電影裡被無限濫用,即使大多數人 38 00:02:16,219 --> 00:02:20,814 也包括我,都不曉得父權體制是什麼意思」 39 00:02:22,057 --> 00:02:24,864 看看這厚到嚇人的自我防衛 40 00:02:25,097 --> 00:02:27,249 尤其是出自於那些 41 00:02:27,249 --> 00:02:31,221 不太瞭解父權體制的人 42 00:02:32,257 --> 00:02:36,940 雖然現在有很多針對《芭比》女性主義的呈現或各種缺失的認真評論 43 00:02:37,122 --> 00:02:39,966 這部試論影片不會走向上述的途徑 44 00:02:39,966 --> 00:02:42,228 相反地,我們主要會透過這部電影 45 00:02:42,764 --> 00:02:46,078 去解釋父權體制「是什麼」 46 00:02:46,078 --> 00:02:50,596 又「不是什麼」,還有它怎麼同時迫害到所有人,也包含男性 47 00:02:52,523 --> 00:02:53,481 「小心你的旁邊」 48 00:02:53,674 --> 00:02:55,797 若要進行有建設性的討論 49 00:02:56,065 --> 00:02:57,840 我們要先鬆懈自己的防備心態 50 00:02:58,030 --> 00:03:02,134 對於「父權體制」一詞感冒的男性尤其如此 51 00:03:02,134 --> 00:03:03,832 「這裡比立法院還亂」 52 00:03:03,932 --> 00:03:08,258 父權體制其實和普遍認知相反,並不是男性的專有名詞 53 00:03:08,258 --> 00:03:11,354 也不是暗指陽剛氣質 54 00:03:11,354 --> 00:03:14,279 更和「仇男」一詞毫無關聯 55 00:03:14,279 --> 00:03:16,601 「對阿,搞得我有點糊塗」 56 00:03:17,559 --> 00:03:20,261 大部分的人會搞混父權體制的意思 57 00:03:20,261 --> 00:03:22,035 這或許不是意外 58 00:03:22,035 --> 00:03:25,709 因為這個詞很少出現在大眾媒體上 59 00:03:26,333 --> 00:03:30,023 在媒體的慣例當中,則是被當作笑話看待 60 00:03:30,023 --> 00:03:32,720 用來嘲諷女性主義者或是女性主義 61 00:03:32,869 --> 00:03:37,093 「和我一起把胸罩燒了,以示反抗厭女的父權體制」 62 00:03:37,093 --> 00:03:39,408 「我想我得先去找哈維,但是,嗯 63 00:03:39,408 --> 00:03:41,143 或許我們可以待會一起燒內褲」 64 00:03:41,419 --> 00:03:44,706 「我們上一個超過三分鐘的對話是關於 65 00:03:44,706 --> 00:03:47,843 《羅傑斯先生的鄰居們》對父權體制的偏頗」 (註:美國兒童電視節目) 66 00:03:47,843 --> 00:03:50,840 「嘛,因為週五國王凌駕於所有下層子民之上」 (註:週五國王為節目中的虛構角色,是個掌偶) 67 00:03:50,840 --> 00:03:52,189 「我錯過了什麼?」 68 00:03:52,832 --> 00:03:55,937 「宰制教育系統的殘酷父權體制」 69 00:03:55,937 --> 00:03:56,801 「很好」 70 00:03:56,921 --> 00:03:59,457 直到美國Me too運動發起後 71 00:03:59,457 --> 00:04:01,647 我們才陸續看到這種媒體現象的轉變 72 00:04:02,509 --> 00:04:03,842 「不要插手,寇特妮」 73 00:04:03,842 --> 00:04:06,347 「你才不要插手。我今年要親自了結父權體制 74 00:04:06,347 --> 00:04:08,385 且我不怕從你開始下刀」 75 00:04:08,385 --> 00:04:12,263 現在「父權體制」一詞最常是酸言酸語青少年角色的台詞 76 00:04:12,562 --> 00:04:14,575 「所以你效法所謂謙虛的騎士情操, 77 00:04:14,688 --> 00:04:17,551 實為父權工具,藉此博取我至死不渝的感激?」 78 00:04:17,551 --> 00:04:20,065 「嗯哼,大多數人在這裡只會說謝謝」 79 00:04:20,202 --> 00:04:25,657 這是刻意將他們的形象塑造成傲慢、離經叛道或是過度理想 80 00:04:25,657 --> 00:04:29,316 然而,她們的見解不盡然都是錯的 81 00:04:29,316 --> 00:04:33,143 「我覺得婚姻就是父權體制專為束縛女性自主權而設計的一套系統 82 00:04:33,342 --> 00:04:37,054 妳結婚就成了丈夫的財產,妳必須為他哺育後代 83 00:04:37,841 --> 00:04:39,852 甚至還要冠夫姓」 84 00:04:39,852 --> 00:04:43,333 「嘿,妳不是說過舞會是後殖民...」 「後殖民父權體制的產物」 85 00:04:43,601 --> 00:04:44,342 「沒錯」 86 00:04:44,342 --> 00:04:47,116 「但我們會結伴同行,以示抗議」 87 00:04:47,724 --> 00:04:50,941 「嘿嘿吼吼,父權體制必須走」 88 00:04:51,143 --> 00:04:54,668 「嘿嘿吼吼,父權體制必須走」 89 00:04:55,523 --> 00:05:00,187 儘管這詞在近代媒體上版面時間有限,它仍被當成笑哏來用 90 00:05:00,187 --> 00:05:01,905 「沒了?」 91 00:05:02,048 --> 00:05:04,892 而且它的意涵被有意模糊化 92 00:05:04,892 --> 00:05:06,818 「這個故事叫《小婦人》,它是關於 93 00:05:06,818 --> 00:05:08,946 四個姊妹如何克服貧苦和父權體...」 94 00:05:08,946 --> 00:05:10,908 「無聊。玩娃娃」 95 00:05:10,908 --> 00:05:13,730 缺乏明確指涉的前提下能確保 96 00:05:13,730 --> 00:05:17,384 只有懂的人才會被戳中笑點 97 00:05:17,554 --> 00:05:19,825 「打倒父權!」 98 00:05:20,171 --> 00:05:21,499 「白癡,啊」 99 00:05:21,722 --> 00:05:25,948 其他人不是聽得霧煞煞,就是感到自身人格備受威脅 100 00:05:26,275 --> 00:05:28,420 「為什麼芭比沒和我提過父權體制?」 101 00:05:28,425 --> 00:05:31,780 「依我了解就是男人和駿馬驅動一切事物之處?」 102 00:05:32,057 --> 00:05:34,471 「嗨齁,衝啊銀駿!」 103 00:05:34,471 --> 00:05:37,566 不好意思,肯尼,父權體制和馬沒有關係 104 00:05:37,931 --> 00:05:41,555 然而,他會這樣想似乎不無道理 105 00:05:42,147 --> 00:05:45,563 「不太公平對不對?是不是父權體制的錯?」 106 00:05:45,903 --> 00:05:49,035 「還有,父權體制是什麼東東?」 107 00:05:50,746 --> 00:05:55,002 從現代用語而言,父權體制意指某種社會 108 00:05:55,131 --> 00:05:59,059 這種社會被建構來宣揚男性權力 109 00:06:01,104 --> 00:06:04,832 在社會學詞彙中是指「遵照四種原則的 110 00:06:04,832 --> 00:06:06,790 社會系統」 111 00:06:07,005 --> 00:06:11,711 「一個社會是父權的,就是它有某種程度的男性支配 112 00:06:11,711 --> 00:06:18,135 男性中心、認同男性,且迷戀控制」 113 00:06:18,668 --> 00:06:21,283 我們會逐一檢視上述概念的細節 114 00:06:21,283 --> 00:06:23,886 但要牢記一個前提 115 00:06:23,886 --> 00:06:28,270 我們不是社會系統的本身,社會系統也不是由我們組成 116 00:06:28,270 --> 00:06:31,168 「因為現在芭比樂園,是肯尼樂園」 117 00:06:31,168 --> 00:06:36,694 《芭比》裡肯尼發動政變,並且引入父權體制 118 00:06:36,694 --> 00:06:40,876 但是肯尼並不是父權體制的本身 119 00:06:40,876 --> 00:06:42,497 「在這我只是個無名小卒」 120 00:06:42,497 --> 00:06:46,513 肯尼是透過實踐讓父權主義成真 121 00:06:47,247 --> 00:06:52,321 只要他們停止參與,這種社會系統便會快速消失 122 00:06:53,886 --> 00:06:57,450 我們可以單純描述一款桌遊與其玩法 123 00:06:57,450 --> 00:07:02,186 而不需要提及任何玩家的人格 124 00:07:02,186 --> 00:07:06,220 同理,我們也可以談論父權體制此系統是如何運作的 125 00:07:06,220 --> 00:07:09,100 同時避免譴責每一位男性個體 126 00:07:10,369 --> 00:07:15,134 值得留意的是《芭比》主要聚焦於異性戀白人角色 127 00:07:15,138 --> 00:07:19,521 但是父權體制對每個性向、人種、社會階級或地理位置的人 128 00:07:19,521 --> 00:07:22,636 都有不同的影響 129 00:07:22,636 --> 00:07:24,534 「有啥物問題嗎,警察先生?」 130 00:07:24,852 --> 00:07:26,271 在這部影片裡 131 00:07:26,271 --> 00:07:29,168 我會大幅引用一本叫《性別打結》的書 132 00:07:29,168 --> 00:07:31,982 社會學家 Alan G Johnson 的著作 133 00:07:32,691 --> 00:07:35,411 既然魔鬼就藏在細節裡,我們用肯尼樂園 134 00:07:35,411 --> 00:07:36,504 「肯尼王國」 135 00:07:36,534 --> 00:07:37,265 「肯尼王國」 136 00:07:37,265 --> 00:07:38,024 「肯尼王國樂園」 137 00:07:38,024 --> 00:07:39,758 「什麼樂園?」 「自由與男人的樂園」 138 00:07:39,758 --> 00:07:41,071 「好啦,反正就是這個地方」 139 00:07:41,159 --> 00:07:45,288 我們借用肯尼王國樂園去勾勒父權體制是怎麼運作的 140 00:07:45,288 --> 00:07:47,161 「那裡必是我的應許之地」 141 00:07:47,161 --> 00:07:48,271 「好喔」 142 00:07:48,543 --> 00:07:53,456 父權體制社會的第一個特性為「男性支配」 143 00:07:53,624 --> 00:07:55,488 這個特性相對直觀 144 00:07:55,599 --> 00:08:00,932 它的意思就是「掌權階層經常為男性預留」 145 00:08:01,802 --> 00:08:05,697 基本上,只要你往社會的高級階層翻看 146 00:08:06,156 --> 00:08:07,869 你會看到越來越多的男性 147 00:08:10,118 --> 00:08:15,245 《芭比》運用鮮明手法把父權體制呈現在我們眼前 148 00:08:16,225 --> 00:08:21,383 我們看到的是握有權力和重要的男性的縮影 149 00:08:22,105 --> 00:08:24,435 值得留意的是直至近代 150 00:08:24,435 --> 00:08:27,908 很少女性能夠進入掌權階層 151 00:08:28,911 --> 00:08:31,451 「我要一份高層、高薪和有影響力的工作,謝謝」 152 00:08:31,451 --> 00:08:32,845 「Ok,你至少要有MBA學位」 153 00:08:32,845 --> 00:08:35,540 肯尼也學到重要的一課 154 00:08:35,540 --> 00:08:37,624 當他要求登上掌權職位 155 00:08:37,624 --> 00:08:40,152 他被毫不客氣地拒了絕 156 00:08:40,152 --> 00:08:43,774 「不行,我不允許你『就只執刀一次』闌尾手術」 157 00:08:43,774 --> 00:08:44,472 「但我是個男人」 158 00:08:44,472 --> 00:08:45,223 「但你不是醫生」 159 00:08:45,223 --> 00:08:45,736 「拜託」 160 00:08:45,736 --> 00:08:46,449 「不行」 161 00:08:47,229 --> 00:08:53,489 這是因為「男性支配」不代表每位男性都握有實權 162 00:08:53,656 --> 00:08:56,500 「我是男人但我無權,這代表我是女人嗎?」 163 00:08:56,500 --> 00:08:58,317 事實上,大多父權體制內的男性 164 00:08:58,317 --> 00:09:01,460 永遠也不會握有實權 165 00:09:01,261 --> 00:09:02,997 「有夠慘,實在有夠慘」 166 00:09:03,227 --> 00:09:04,035 「啥物?」 167 00:09:04,290 --> 00:09:08,048 反之,這些無權男性得要花上一輩子 168 00:09:08,048 --> 00:09:09,757 在有權男性的腳下貢獻勞力 169 00:09:10,846 --> 00:09:12,721 「這裡有女人在管事嗎?」 170 00:09:13,451 --> 00:09:16,542 儘管這幕美泰兒會議室場景暗示(沒有女人) 171 00:09:16,542 --> 00:09:20,908 女性也有可能攀上父權體制的最頂層 172 00:09:20,908 --> 00:09:25,615 只是意味著女性要付出更多才能獲得和鞏固權力 173 00:09:25,883 --> 00:09:30,102 而且這些女性會被視為體制內的特例 174 00:09:30,597 --> 00:09:32,272 「我愛你們」 175 00:09:32,272 --> 00:09:34,406 和幻想的芭比世界不同 176 00:09:34,406 --> 00:09:37,486 美國的歷任總統皆無女性 177 00:09:37,627 --> 00:09:39,227 「為什麼妳這麼讚?」 178 00:09:39,227 --> 00:09:41,600 「無話可說,啊哈哈哈」 179 00:09:41,600 --> 00:09:44,102 但就算一位女人最後贏得了那個位置 180 00:09:44,102 --> 00:09:47,113 這也不代表父權體制已被終結 181 00:09:47,426 --> 00:09:50,728 因為父權體制是動態和頑強的 182 00:09:50,728 --> 00:09:53,414 它的演進和變化歷程已然超越數甲 183 00:09:53,414 --> 00:09:54,863 而確實,幾世紀以來 184 00:09:54,863 --> 00:09:59,660 有數以千計的女性努力爭取那極少數的席次 185 00:09:59,568 --> 00:10:02,518 但是大權仍是由男性主導 186 00:10:03,500 --> 00:10:06,210 「你們肯定不知道父權體制怎麼玩」 187 00:10:06,210 --> 00:10:10,434 「不,哈哈,沒有,我們...我們玩得很好」 188 00:10:10,434 --> 00:10:12,806 「我們只是比較低調了」 189 00:10:15,041 --> 00:10:19,151 父權體制社會的第二個面向是「男性中心」 190 00:10:19,502 --> 00:10:21,944 意思就是:「社會主要關注對象為 191 00:10:21,944 --> 00:10:25,613 男人和男孩,還有他們的一舉一動」 192 00:10:26,384 --> 00:10:29,445 《芭比》有強烈的視覺衝擊原因之一 193 00:10:29,445 --> 00:10:33,447 是因為它的世界觀為罕見的女性中心 194 00:10:34,601 --> 00:10:36,975 這在過去的好萊塢電影中幾乎前所未見 195 00:10:36,975 --> 00:10:40,532 除了1950年代的俗爛科幻片以外 196 00:10:40,532 --> 00:10:42,523 「在未知的星球降落 197 00:10:42,523 --> 00:10:45,595 他們被一群長臂尤物圍捕 198 00:10:46,241 --> 00:10:48,578 當他們要求晉見領袖 199 00:10:48,578 --> 00:10:51,444 而他們被帶去和這種生物見面 200 00:10:51,444 --> 00:10:54,197 你就知道,他們是在金星上」 201 00:10:54,823 --> 00:10:55,958 「嗨芭比」 202 00:10:56,590 --> 00:10:57,919 「耶,太空!」 203 00:10:58,224 --> 00:11:01,455 芭比樂園的關注焦點自然 204 00:11:01,455 --> 00:11:04,222 是放在芭比和她們做什麼事情上 205 00:11:04,222 --> 00:11:08,280 但在肯尼發動政變以後,他們把芭比們趕到一旁 206 00:11:08,881 --> 00:11:14,653 然後促使所有事物圍繞著他們自己和陽剛氣質運行 207 00:11:14,653 --> 00:11:16,734 「一切,基本上一切事物 208 00:11:16,734 --> 00:11:20,157 都是為了擴張和提升男性的存在而存在」 209 00:11:20,526 --> 00:11:24,934 這反映出我們同樣男性中心的世界,只是被誇大過 210 00:11:25,615 --> 00:11:29,306 你只需要打開電視新聞,或是看看電影 211 00:11:29,306 --> 00:11:33,419 然後你就會被無窮無盡的男性中心敘事給淹沒 212 00:11:35,589 --> 00:11:37,791 「對國家,一個象徵」 213 00:11:38,506 --> 00:11:40,947 「對世界,一個英雄」 214 00:11:42,833 --> 00:11:45,814 「希望的燈塔,指引...」 215 00:11:46,438 --> 00:11:50,694 顯而易見的是,這不代表女性沒有成為父權體制內的焦點過 216 00:11:51,011 --> 00:11:54,714 但是當她們成了焦點,經常會被縮限成「女性的故事」 217 00:11:54,714 --> 00:11:57,117 而非「人性的故事」 218 00:11:57,818 --> 00:11:59,496 拿《芭比》舉例而言 219 00:11:59,496 --> 00:12:02,768 它的故事是非常特定的性別經驗—— 220 00:12:02,768 --> 00:12:04,602 身為社會中的女性 221 00:12:05,239 --> 00:12:08,481 「焦慮、恐慌症和強迫症分別販售」 222 00:12:09,089 --> 00:12:11,656 我們拿《奧本海默》作對比 223 00:12:12,177 --> 00:12:16,236 它是關於成為死神和滅世者的故事 224 00:12:17,114 --> 00:12:20,700 沒錯,這個滅世者湊巧是位男性 225 00:12:20,556 --> 00:12:23,790 但是注意它的故事不是聚焦在 226 00:12:23,790 --> 00:12:25,890 社會中男性的性別經驗 227 00:12:27,810 --> 00:12:32,313 事實上,克里斯多福.諾蘭(Christopher Nolan)所有的電影都在關注重要的男性 228 00:12:32,681 --> 00:12:34,791 但都不是這些男性的性別經驗 229 00:12:35,114 --> 00:12:40,376 他們是被建構為人性經驗的代表 230 00:12:41,548 --> 00:12:44,512 另一方面,葛莉塔.潔薇(Greta Gerwig)的電影則全是關注女性 231 00:12:44,512 --> 00:12:50,274 且明確地是關於女性如何在男性建構的世界中生存 232 00:12:50,857 --> 00:12:52,035 「很好」 233 00:12:52,035 --> 00:12:53,108 (不清楚) 234 00:12:53,458 --> 00:12:56,049 順帶一題,這些不是針對兩位導演的批評 235 00:12:56,049 --> 00:12:59,665 只是直白闡明男性中心的意涵 236 00:13:00,092 --> 00:13:04,030 父權體制內的男性被視為人類原型 237 00:13:04,030 --> 00:13:09,466 因此,男性經驗被框架為「探索人類處境」 238 00:13:10,242 --> 00:13:12,142 而女性經驗則是 239 00:13:12,142 --> 00:13:15,798 第一點也是最重要的一點,被框架為「女性本身」 240 00:13:17,878 --> 00:13:18,983 「好」 241 00:13:19,453 --> 00:13:23,776 這種深植的預期心理——期待社會是男性中心的—— 242 00:13:23,776 --> 00:13:27,652 湊巧能幫忙解釋那些針對「非男性中心」卻同時也是 243 00:13:27,652 --> 00:13:32,463 「大眾導向」的娛樂內容的反對聲浪 244 00:13:34,755 --> 00:13:37,555 「認同男性」解釋起來比較複雜一點 245 00:13:37,555 --> 00:13:40,610 但它是父權體制的關鍵 246 00:13:40,880 --> 00:13:45,240 它代表「社會的核心觀點認為什麼是好的、 247 00:13:45,240 --> 00:13:49,723 理想的、受偏好的或是正常的事物皆與 248 00:13:49,723 --> 00:13:53,607 我們對男性和陽剛氣質的想像有文化上的連結」 249 00:13:55,293 --> 00:14:00,239 這是為什麼注重堅定性、競爭力、 250 00:14:00,239 --> 00:14:05,780 力量、控制、理性和抗壓性等特質的專業會受高度吹捧 251 00:14:05,780 --> 00:14:08,345 且薪資待遇優渥 252 00:14:09,186 --> 00:14:10,032 「一群怪物」 253 00:14:10,032 --> 00:14:12,545 同時,以同情心、分享或照顧他人等 254 00:14:12,545 --> 00:14:16,950 被視為陰柔的特質為中心的專業 255 00:14:16,600 --> 00:14:20,004 則容易被體制自動貶低,且資助低落 256 00:14:20,004 --> 00:14:21,965 「你知道葛瑞格也是從醫的嗎,賴瑞?」 257 00:14:21,965 --> 00:14:23,563 「喔真假,什麼專業的?」 258 00:14:23,746 --> 00:14:24,438 「嗯,護理」 259 00:14:24,739 --> 00:14:25,510 (笑聲) 260 00:14:27,620 --> 00:14:31,832 《芭比》裡的肯尼們建立起一個強烈認同男性的社會 261 00:14:32,878 --> 00:14:36,259 他們靠著剝除芭比樂園的陰柔氣質 262 00:14:36,259 --> 00:14:40,999 和強加看似源於1980年代好萊塢動作片的 263 00:14:40,999 --> 00:14:43,181 超陽剛氣質 264 00:14:44,654 --> 00:14:48,177 他們用黑色皮革躺椅替換掉每一件粉色家具 265 00:14:48,531 --> 00:14:51,833 把所有東西都覆上一層令人作嘔的牛仔主題 266 00:14:51,833 --> 00:14:54,919 然後讓健身用具和運動裝備四散整個樂園 267 00:14:55,211 --> 00:14:57,377 「別懷疑,聽話就對了,小寶貝」 268 00:14:58,622 --> 00:14:59,847 「他叫我寶貝?」 269 00:14:59,847 --> 00:15:03,769 但是認同男性不僅止於審美層次 270 00:15:04,174 --> 00:15:08,999 當肯尼決定擁抱父權體制,他的行為也隨之改變 271 00:15:08,999 --> 00:15:12,285 當他嘗試投射男性認同的價值 272 00:15:12,421 --> 00:15:15,500 「想要的話你可以留下,做我的新娘 273 00:15:15,500 --> 00:15:18,020 或是我的長期低承諾疏離女友」 274 00:15:18,020 --> 00:15:21,401 他把自我懷疑和傷感 275 00:15:21,401 --> 00:15:23,566 用虛張聲勢藏起來 276 00:15:23,566 --> 00:15:24,938 「給我金牌一下?」 277 00:15:25,163 --> 00:15:27,743 「我才不要給你金牌一下」 278 00:15:27,743 --> 00:15:29,644 「哈哈哈,不要緊」 279 00:15:29,980 --> 00:15:34,438 父權體制裡,概念如領導能力和權力 280 00:15:34,438 --> 00:15:37,856 是與陽剛氣質密不可分的 281 00:15:38,812 --> 00:15:43,551 順理成章,男性自帶較高的社會地位 282 00:15:43,935 --> 00:15:48,428 而女性和女性化事物則被貶低和被視為次等 283 00:15:48,730 --> 00:15:50,390 「喔,妳那個能換免費小薯?」 284 00:15:50,390 --> 00:15:52,038 「如果我說妳身材很辣,妳會不會森七七?」 285 00:15:52,038 --> 00:15:56,350 這意味著就算是那些無任何實權的男性 286 00:15:56,350 --> 00:15:59,349 仍然視他們自身比女性優越 287 00:16:00,497 --> 00:16:02,238 當我們看見肯尼基本上 288 00:16:02,238 --> 00:16:05,930 無能運行社會,這點就特別凸顯 289 00:16:05,930 --> 00:16:08,163 「我要白天喝個爛醉」 290 00:16:08,371 --> 00:16:09,632 (不清楚) 291 00:16:09,832 --> 00:16:14,013 他們把時間花在白天喝酒、玩耍作樂和玩笑嬉鬧上 292 00:16:14,691 --> 00:16:16,400 「每晚都是男孩之夜」 293 00:16:16,621 --> 00:16:19,932 但是他們只因為活在父權體制內 294 00:16:19,932 --> 00:16:23,539 而感到自己高人一等 295 00:16:23,951 --> 00:16:26,928 「妳一臉就是『這地方怎麼這麼讚!』」 296 00:16:26,928 --> 00:16:29,907 肯尼王國樂園內的芭比們全都被降階為僕人 297 00:16:29,907 --> 00:16:33,354 「男孩們肚子餓了嗎,誰要來些點心?」 298 00:16:33,704 --> 00:16:37,306 但是在真實世界裡,有小部分的女性能獲得實權 299 00:16:37,306 --> 00:16:40,218 就算是在認同男性的系統裡 300 00:16:40,618 --> 00:16:44,663 然而,她們必須表現得同樣激進、好鬥,甚至更冷血無情 301 00:16:44,663 --> 00:16:49,579 來證明自己比那些掌權的男人 302 00:16:49,579 --> 00:16:52,356 更值得握有權力 303 00:16:52,785 --> 00:16:56,988 換句話說,儘管她們身為女人,她們仍然得接納和表現出 304 00:16:56,988 --> 00:16:59,966 認同男性的父權價值觀 305 00:17:02,589 --> 00:17:07,145 第四也是最後一個父權體制的特性是「對控制之迷戀 306 00:17:07,145 --> 00:17:11,877 為社會的、個人的生活之核心價值。 307 00:17:11,877 --> 00:17:16,967 男人以控制女人和其他具威脅性的男人 308 00:17:16,967 --> 00:17:18,579 來維持自身特權」 309 00:17:20,478 --> 00:17:23,926 《芭比》淡化了此特性,但是男性對女性施加的暴行 310 00:17:23,926 --> 00:17:26,141 和始終存在的威脅 311 00:17:26,141 --> 00:17:27,558 「笑一個,金髮妞」 312 00:17:27,558 --> 00:17:30,670 是父權控制得以延續的關鍵 313 00:17:30,670 --> 00:17:34,698 「我沒有感覺到欸。我覺得那些注視只能被稱為愛戴 314 00:17:35,425 --> 00:17:39,236 而不是色瞇瞇,且絕對沒有暴力的味道」 315 00:17:39,236 --> 00:17:41,703 「我絕對有嗅到暴力」 316 00:17:41,873 --> 00:17:44,295 控制也能透過其他方式達到 317 00:17:44,295 --> 00:17:46,741 而在肯尼不甚明白暴力為何的前提下 318 00:17:46,741 --> 00:17:51,112 他們用脅迫和操縱手段來控制芭比樂園的日常 319 00:17:51,429 --> 00:17:52,759 「他們有什麼毛病?」 320 00:17:52,759 --> 00:17:55,784 「我和兄弟們剛用天衣無縫完美邏輯 321 00:17:55,784 --> 00:17:57,566 向她們解釋父權,然後她們就崩潰了」 322 00:17:57,566 --> 00:18:00,360 肯尼不只對每個社會機構行使篡權 323 00:18:00,360 --> 00:18:02,493 他們也篡奪芭比夢幻小屋的控制權 324 00:18:02,493 --> 00:18:07,566 「今後芭比小屋就叫肯尼的魔力道場小屋」 325 00:18:07,566 --> 00:18:11,680 他們設計芭比,令她們接受自己被物化和 326 00:18:11,680 --> 00:18:12,682 成為僕人 327 00:18:12,682 --> 00:18:14,874 「誰要來一瓶Bruski啤酒啊?」 328 00:18:15,054 --> 00:18:17,585 「你咧創啥?妳是醫生欸」 329 00:18:17,585 --> 00:18:19,601 「我喜歡當個有用的裝飾品」 330 00:18:19,601 --> 00:18:23,063 智力和理性上優越的錯覺 331 00:18:23,063 --> 00:18:28,100 是促成「男性掌控一切」之迷思的關鍵 332 00:18:28,100 --> 00:18:29,734 「讓我教你」 「來,讓我教你」 333 00:18:29,734 --> 00:18:32,008 「來,讓我們教你」 334 00:18:32,008 --> 00:18:35,293 因此,男性擁有特權理所當然 335 00:18:35,546 --> 00:18:36,826 「你給我聽好」 336 00:18:36,826 --> 00:18:39,436 這點與現實中的男性相應 337 00:18:39,436 --> 00:18:42,974 他們經常對親近的人施以極端控制 338 00:18:42,974 --> 00:18:46,494 來補償自己個人不足的罪惡感 339 00:18:46,494 --> 00:18:49,330 「每晚六點前妳得在家」 340 00:18:49,330 --> 00:18:52,238 「而且要煮好晚餐,擺在這張桌上」 341 00:18:52,424 --> 00:18:55,258 尤其針對女人和小孩 342 00:18:55,432 --> 00:18:56,254 「不要」 343 00:18:56,552 --> 00:18:59,085 (肯尼演奏Push) 「我想把妳推來推去,我會地」 344 00:18:59,957 --> 00:19:03,805 回到《性別打結》: 「男人被預設且期待為 345 00:19:03,805 --> 00:19:09,172 隨時掌控一切,除了憤怒以外,保持一貫冷血無情 346 00:19:09,172 --> 00:19:13,519 表現出堅韌、自發、獨立 347 00:19:13,519 --> 00:19:19,030 強悍、理性、邏輯、冷靜、智性、永不犯錯 348 00:19:19,030 --> 00:19:24,115 且佔居領頭於每一個情況,尤其是牽扯到女人的情況」 349 00:19:24,115 --> 00:19:25,445 (芭比輕笑) 350 00:19:25,829 --> 00:19:27,301 「妳在私訊誰?」 351 00:19:27,351 --> 00:19:29,031 「蛤?」 「妳在私訊誰?」 352 00:19:30,069 --> 00:19:30,729 「沒人」 353 00:19:30,729 --> 00:19:32,324 「嗯,讓我看...」 354 00:19:32,473 --> 00:19:33,347 (肯尼咯咯笑) 355 00:19:33,455 --> 00:19:34,321 「肯尼!」 356 00:19:34,321 --> 00:19:37,299 控制迷戀在我們(美國)文化之根深柢固 357 00:19:37,299 --> 00:19:42,471 任何男性被視為管控不了女性 358 00:19:42,917 --> 00:19:46,096 就會被譏笑為妻管嚴、被吃夠夠 359 00:19:46,096 --> 00:19:48,867 或被綁手綁腳 360 00:19:49,858 --> 00:19:53,181 注意,沒有類似的貶詞能形容 361 00:19:53,181 --> 00:19:57,908 那些控制女人的男人,只有那些無能控制女人的男人 362 00:19:59,877 --> 00:20:05,240 控制迷戀能以無數手段體現,大小皆有 363 00:20:05,240 --> 00:20:10,930 「如果妳能站進去那個大箱子裡,我們會很開心」 364 00:20:10,549 --> 00:20:14,419 但是,控制女人、女體和女人的性取向 365 00:20:14,429 --> 00:20:16,937 是父權體制的核心組成 366 00:20:17,635 --> 00:20:19,829 「進箱子裡去!妳這心機女」 367 00:20:20,689 --> 00:20:23,411 回想一下肯尼接管芭比的政府後 368 00:20:23,411 --> 00:20:27,729 是怎麼濫用權能,排除芭比的公民生活權 369 00:20:27,729 --> 00:20:30,388 「沒有錯,48小時內全體肯尼將前去投票亭 370 00:20:30,388 --> 00:20:34,276 並投票通過修憲,為了肯尼之肯尼之最 371 00:20:34,276 --> 00:20:35,621 由肯尼促成!」 372 00:20:36,538 --> 00:20:40,330 由於它們只是兒童玩具,芭比無能生育 373 00:20:40,633 --> 00:20:42,565 這個嘛,米姬除外 374 00:20:42,777 --> 00:20:45,357 其餘芭比都不能生寶寶 375 00:20:45,736 --> 00:20:48,305 但如果她們能的話,肯尼必然會去限制 376 00:20:48,305 --> 00:20:52,816 她們的生育權,如同真實世界中的情況 377 00:20:54,545 --> 00:20:59,560 如同我剛才描述的,父權體制很明顯是壓迫女性的 378 00:20:59,928 --> 00:21:02,899 但是男性在父權體制裡受益的同時 379 00:21:02,899 --> 00:21:08,360 也受其毒害,因為體制奪走了男性的完整人格 380 00:21:08,360 --> 00:21:11,214 「好,情況如下。不是他們怎麼看我們 381 00:21:11,214 --> 00:21:13,458 而是他們怎麼看自己。」 382 00:21:13,458 --> 00:21:16,740 礙於時間限制,我們只能觸及這個主題的表面 383 00:21:16,740 --> 00:21:19,319 但是我們可以從肯尼的故事中發掘一些線索 384 00:21:19,319 --> 00:21:22,170 從中指出父權體制是如何傷害男性 385 00:21:23,772 --> 00:21:28,240 儘管好萊塢很愛玩「性別戰爭」的戲碼 386 00:21:28,352 --> 00:21:30,590 這種敘事框架遺漏了一個重點 387 00:21:30,590 --> 00:21:34,522 因為父權體制不是指男人和女人之間的鬥爭 388 00:21:35,329 --> 00:21:38,880 反而是指主宰權的無盡爭奪 389 00:21:38,880 --> 00:21:42,997 其中男性被困在針鋒相對的窘境裡 為了爭取拉文·康奈爾(澳洲社會學家)所謂的: 390 00:21:42,997 --> 00:21:45,743 「男子氣概的階層」 391 00:21:47,199 --> 00:21:50,216 白異男的超男子氣概 392 00:21:50,216 --> 00:21:52,334 位居階層的最頂端 393 00:21:52,844 --> 00:21:56,550 其餘男子氣概的型態,尤其那些和 394 00:21:56,550 --> 00:22:01,426 同性戀或陰柔氣質有關聯的,皆被推擠到較低階層 395 00:22:01,426 --> 00:22:03,857 「被摑掌別閃,要欣然接受」 396 00:22:06,117 --> 00:22:10,297 回想當肯尼發動戰爭時,他們不是針對芭比 397 00:22:10,971 --> 00:22:12,773 而是針對其他的肯尼 398 00:22:13,029 --> 00:22:14,111 「我們要打仗」 399 00:22:15,358 --> 00:22:16,277 「打芭比?」 400 00:22:16,277 --> 00:22:17,100 「不,打肯尼」 401 00:22:17,100 --> 00:22:18,101 「但我們就是肯尼」 402 00:22:18,101 --> 00:22:19,259 「其他肯尼」 403 00:22:19,397 --> 00:22:22,919 截至現在,我一直在挖《芭比》的內容 404 00:22:22,919 --> 00:22:24,756 來解釋父權體制的運作 405 00:22:25,012 --> 00:22:27,961 但是這部電影的敘事有限 406 00:22:27,961 --> 00:22:30,483 尤其是論及男性競爭時 407 00:22:30,632 --> 00:22:33,101 「」 408 00:22:33,101 --> 00:22:36,281 409 00:22:36,281 --> 00:22:37,927 410 00:22:37,927 --> 00:22:39,417 411 00:22:39,417 --> 00:22:43,665 412 00:22:43,665 --> 00:22:47,390 413 00:22:47,390 --> 00:22:50,442 414 00:22:51,082 --> 00:22:53,074 415 00:22:53,436 --> 00:22:55,467 416 00:22:55,467 --> 00:22:57,527 417 00:22:57,747 --> 00:23:01,323 418 00:23:01,323 --> 00:23:04,975 419 00:23:05,819 --> 00:23:09,503 420 00:23:09,503 --> 00:23:13,705 421 00:23:13,705 --> 00:23:19,091 422 00:23:19,091 --> 00:23:24,406 423 00:23:24,840 --> 00:23:28,502 424 00:23:28,757 --> 00:23:29,904 425 00:23:30,435 --> 00:23:32,588 426 00:23:33,050 --> 00:23:37,306 427 00:23:37,891 --> 00:23:40,097 428 00:23:40,361 --> 00:23:41,040 429 00:23:41,652 --> 00:23:42,253 430 00:23:42,472 --> 00:23:42,766 431 00:23:43,016 --> 00:23:43,389 432 00:23:44,088 --> 00:23:45,967 433 00:23:46,159 --> 00:23:47,884 434 00:23:48,378 --> 00:23:49,223 435 00:23:50,372 --> 00:23:50,833 436 00:23:51,378 --> 00:23:55,105 437 00:23:57,054 --> 00:24:00,776 438 00:24:02,262 --> 00:24:06,441 439 00:24:07,345 --> 00:24:11,206 440 00:24:11,672 --> 00:24:12,751 441 00:24:13,314 --> 00:24:14,063 442 00:24:14,410 --> 00:24:16,225 443 00:24:16,543 --> 00:24:18,736 444 00:24:19,219 --> 00:24:23,076 445 00:24:25,606 --> 00:24:29,757 446 00:24:32,406 --> 00:24:37,092 447 00:24:37,434 --> 00:24:41,807 448 00:24:42,535 --> 00:24:45,205 449 00:24:45,551 --> 00:24:47,364 450 00:24:47,692 --> 00:24:51,806 451 00:24:52,152 --> 00:24:56,573 452 00:24:57,843 --> 00:24:59,639 453 00:25:01,089 --> 00:25:02,620 454 00:25:03,141 --> 00:25:06,419 455 00:25:06,672 --> 00:25:08,835 456 00:25:09,359 --> 00:25:11,891 457 00:25:12,691 --> 00:25:16,837 458 00:25:17,475 --> 00:25:20,975 459 00:25:24,275 --> 00:25:27,658 460 00:25:28,354 --> 00:25:31,490 461 00:25:32,203 --> 00:25:33,835 462 00:25:34,390 --> 00:25:35,345 463 00:25:35,904 --> 00:25:36,624 464 00:25:36,892 --> 00:25:37,394 465 00:25:37,581 --> 00:25:38,486 466 00:25:39,039 --> 00:25:42,919 467 00:25:44,890 --> 00:25:49,257 468 00:25:49,723 --> 00:25:53,357 469 00:25:53,690 --> 00:25:56,626 470 00:25:58,235 --> 00:26:00,668 471 00:26:01,005 --> 00:26:04,102 472 00:26:04,795 --> 00:26:06,322 473 00:26:06,942 --> 00:26:07,486 474 00:26:08,561 --> 00:26:09,656 475 00:26:10,559 --> 00:26:11,085 476 00:26:11,346 --> 00:26:15,589 477 00:26:16,457 --> 00:26:19,803 478 00:26:20,407 --> 00:26:24,137 479 00:26:25,709 --> 00:26:29,200 480 00:26:29,694 --> 00:26:30,451 481 00:26:30,835 --> 00:26:32,245 482 00:26:33,275 --> 00:26:36,394 483 00:26:36,870 --> 00:26:38,328 484 00:26:38,809 --> 00:26:39,483 485 00:26:40,555 --> 00:26:43,641 486 00:26:44,088 --> 00:26:47,593 487 00:26:47,902 --> 00:26:49,157 488 00:26:49,773 --> 00:26:54,220 489 00:26:54,604 --> 00:26:57,420 490 00:26:59,705 --> 00:27:03,716 491 00:27:04,458 --> 00:27:08,378 492 00:27:08,952 --> 00:27:11,719 493 00:27:14,454 --> 00:27:16,613 494 00:27:16,855 --> 00:27:18,778 495 00:27:18,983 --> 00:27:20,914 496 00:27:21,229 --> 00:27:23,997 497 00:27:24,602 --> 00:27:25,274 498 00:27:25,651 --> 00:27:26,283 499 00:27:27,712 --> 00:27:28,368 500 00:27:29,770 --> 00:27:31,545 501 00:27:32,371 --> 00:27:36,229 502 00:27:37,222 --> 00:27:41,737 503 00:27:42,311 --> 00:27:47,279 504 00:27:47,463 --> 00:27:49,767 505 00:27:50,115 --> 00:27:53,720 506 00:27:54,233 --> 00:27:58,129 507 00:27:58,480 --> 00:28:00,878 508 00:28:01,529 --> 00:28:05,368 509 00:28:05,663 --> 00:28:06,901 510 00:28:07,203 --> 00:28:11,483 511 00:28:12,149 --> 00:28:14,663 512 00:28:15,485 --> 00:28:17,597 513 00:28:17,929 --> 00:28:18,614 514 00:28:18,847 --> 00:28:22,354 515 00:28:23,231 --> 00:28:24,662 516 00:28:25,249 --> 00:28:27,746 517 00:28:28,302 --> 00:28:30,534 518 00:28:30,852 --> 00:28:32,118 519 00:28:32,415 --> 00:28:36,483 520 00:28:36,883 --> 00:28:40,886 521 00:28:42,173 --> 00:28:45,535 522 00:28:46,391 --> 00:28:49,196 523 00:28:49,385 --> 00:28:51,430 524 00:28:51,737 --> 00:28:53,346 525 00:28:53,797 --> 00:28:55,817 526 00:28:56,301 --> 00:28:57,345 527 00:28:57,621 --> 00:28:58,353 528 00:28:58,913 --> 00:29:02,753 529 00:29:03,021 --> 00:29:05,001 530 00:29:05,635 --> 00:29:07,369 531 00:29:10,489 --> 00:29:13,130 532 00:29:13,975 --> 00:29:17,260 533 00:29:17,716 --> 00:29:18,309 534 00:29:18,524 --> 00:29:20,503 535 00:29:20,758 --> 00:29:23,860 536 00:29:24,271 --> 00:29:27,267 537 00:29:28,309 --> 00:29:31,594 538 00:29:33,120 --> 00:29:34,325 539 00:29:34,524 --> 00:29:35,461 540 00:29:36,025 --> 00:29:39,953 541 00:29:42,353 --> 00:29:45,005 542 00:29:45,317 --> 00:29:48,009 543 00:29:48,638 --> 00:29:53,092 544 00:29:54,320 --> 00:29:56,710 545 00:29:57,337 --> 00:29:59,710 546 00:30:00,437 --> 00:30:01,396 547 00:30:03,391 --> 00:30:04,170 548 00:30:04,370 --> 00:30:05,939 549 00:30:06,587 --> 00:30:07,409 550 00:30:08,337 --> 00:30:09,430 551 00:30:09,758 --> 00:30:11,872 552 00:30:12,419 --> 00:30:15,796 553 00:30:16,632 --> 00:30:19,107 554 00:30:20,598 --> 00:30:24,735 555 00:30:25,057 --> 00:30:27,903 556 00:30:29,045 --> 00:30:31,722 557 00:30:32,148 --> 00:30:33,818 558 00:30:34,599 --> 00:30:37,380 559 00:30:37,663 --> 00:30:40,110 560 00:30:40,563 --> 00:30:44,535 561 00:30:48,076 --> 00:30:50,796 562 00:30:51,245 --> 00:30:54,710 563 00:30:55,711 --> 00:30:58,993 564 00:30:59,972 --> 00:31:03,683 565 00:31:04,026 --> 00:31:07,611 566 00:31:08,182 --> 00:31:10,761 567 00:31:11,096 --> 00:31:15,793 568 00:31:16,749 --> 00:31:20,945 569 00:31:22,146 --> 00:31:23,293 570 00:31:23,783 --> 00:31:27,414 571 00:31:27,829 --> 00:31:28,528 572 00:31:29,558 --> 00:31:31,822 573 00:31:32,571 --> 00:31:36,072 574 00:31:37,382 --> 00:31:41,153 575 00:31:41,452 --> 00:31:43,788 576 00:31:45,023 --> 00:31:48,080 577 00:31:48,454 --> 00:31:52,615 578 00:31:52,941 --> 00:31:55,492 579 00:31:56,309 --> 00:31:58,104 580 00:32:00,855 --> 00:32:01,476 581 00:32:01,800 --> 00:32:04,398 582 00:32:04,721 --> 00:32:07,782 583 00:32:08,088 --> 00:32:10,649 584 00:32:10,954 --> 00:32:11,665 585 00:32:11,988 --> 00:32:14,936 586 00:32:15,315 --> 00:32:17,507 587 00:32:17,882 --> 00:32:19,336 588 00:32:20,912 --> 00:32:22,906 589 00:32:23,143 --> 00:32:24,775 590 00:32:25,061 --> 00:32:28,684 591 00:32:28,956 --> 00:32:32,454 592 00:32:32,940 --> 00:32:35,722 593 00:32:36,076 --> 00:32:37,704 594 00:32:37,988 --> 00:32:39,959