[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.17,0:00:12.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One defining trait of culture is that it identifies us \Nin relation to other people.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.83,0:00:15.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've talked about his before:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.53,0:00:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a shared culture corresponds with a higher \Nfeeling of belonging.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.73,0:00:23.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A cultural distance can create a feeling that you \Ndon’t belong.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.27,0:00:26.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine John, an adventurous traveler from \NAmsterdam.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.67,0:00:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,John takes a trip to the Amazon to live for a \Nwhile amongst a tribe there.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.20,0:00:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This tribe will have a different language, different \Nmusic, customs, behavior,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.30,0:00:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a different way of celebrating birthdays, perhaps \Neven some different morals than John is used to.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.73,0:00:46.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though John has a great time, he feels, \Nbecause of these differences,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.47,0:00:48.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he is not part of their culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.83,0:00:51.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When after a few months he lands in \NAmsterdam
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.33,0:00:53.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and embraces his friends and family,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.13,0:00:58.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he immediately feels at home again and \Nexperiences a sense of belonging.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.67,0:01:02.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People in the airport are already culturally closer \Nto him than the very friendly,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.63,0:01:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but culturally different, tribe he has visited.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.20,0:01:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So culture helps us identify where we belong, \Nwith what group we fit in.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.13,0:01:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's not really that simple is it?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.67,0:01:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we are not members of only one \Nculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.37,0:01:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is another important thing: there are \Ncultures on all kinds of levels.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.90,0:01:26.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Within Western Culture for instance we can \Nmake many subdivisions
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.60,0:01:30.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Western European Culture, Dutch Culture et \Ncetera.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.07,0:01:33.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can even distinguish culture on a very \Nspecific group level,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.53,0:01:36.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for instance within one group of friends,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.23,0:01:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,co-workers, fans of a popular television series, \Nyou can have groups around hobbies,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.10,0:01:48.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,special interests, moral values, your fashion \Nsense, ethnicity, nationality,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.60,0:01:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,religion, sexual orientation, you name it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.60,0:01:55.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Being in a group means sharing something with \Nthe other members.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.37,0:01:59.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Being a member of a group therefore has \Neverything to do with your own
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.20,0:02:02.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,personal identity and the group identity.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.13,0:02:07.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why being part of a group carries \Nemotional weight.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.13,0:02:13.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is this shared element, the shared culture that \Ncreates a feeling of belonging.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.27,0:02:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take another traveler, Maud.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.33,0:02:21.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maud also just returned, not from the Amazon \Nbut from a long holiday in Spain.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.23,0:02:26.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Spain, Maud has become a huge fan of \NFlamenco-dancing.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.33,0:02:30.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She had many other Flamenco enthusiasts \Nthere to share her passion with,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.60,0:02:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but back in the Netherlands, her friends and \Nfamily there don't really know the dance.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.10,0:02:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.13,0:02:37.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Luckily there is the internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.00,0:02:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Maud soon finds webpages where she can \Ndiscuss this dance
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.70,0:02:44.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and share music with people from all over the \Nworld.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.43,0:02:51.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maud is now in fact a member of a global \Ncultural group of Flamenco fans,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.53,0:02:54.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,next to being part of the Dutch culture, the \NAmsterdam culture,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.77,0:02:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many other groups she feels connected \Nwith.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.37,0:03:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, things don't always stay the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.23,0:03:08.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maud might lose her interest in Flamenco after a \Nwhile, leaving the group or making membership
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.47,0:03:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a less important aspect of her identity. Or the \Ndance itself might undergo changes,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.67,0:03:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,splitting up the group in conservatives on one \Nhand
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.13,0:03:22.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and progressive Flamenco lovers on the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.47,0:03:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of this is completely natural.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.60,0:03:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is in fact another important element of the \Nprinciple of cultural relativism:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.40,0:03:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cultures change all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.67,0:03:39.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And many things can cause sudden culture \Nshifts like new technology, population shifts,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.23,0:03:46.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resource shortages, new art forms, wars, \Npolitical decisions and many more factors.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.73,0:03:50.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it’s important to realize that change is also \Ninherent to culture,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.57,0:03:55.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so suddenly or gradually change will occur.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.20,0:03:58.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can imagine that all this change and \Ncultural diversity
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.47,0:04:01.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causes much uncertainty in our lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.30,0:04:04.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why, even if we are not always aware of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.17,0:04:09.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are constantly communicating to minimize \Nthe discomfort of uncertainty,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.57,0:04:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to adjust, to keep in touch with cultural reality, \Nwith society and the groups we identify with
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.30,0:04:17.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or want to belong to.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.23,0:04:19.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll explore this further in our next section.