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我十四歲嗰時，屋企人正喺度辦理
收養來自俄塞俄比亞嘅細佬嘅手續

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有一日，我媽媽問

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「佢哋嘅生日要填咩日子？」

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「嗯，不如填佢哋出世嘅嗰日？」

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問題好荒謬

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我媽媽繼續問

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「姬絲汀，

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你嘅兩個細佬都冇出世紙，

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咁你話我哋點揾到佢哋嘅生日？」

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震驚到我頭都爆埋

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直至20年後嘅今日
我仍然解決緊呢個問題

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不過我唔係喺度

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解決我細佬冇出世紙嘅謎團

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而係嘗試喺全球嘅層面解決呢個問題

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咁出世紙同國際發展有咩關係？

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要回答呢個問題，我哋要
睇返原先嘅發展議程

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人權嘅發展議程

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1948年，《世界人權宣言》

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喺史上首次

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制定咗基本人權同尊嚴嘅共同願景

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適用於所有國家嘅民眾

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第六條，人人有 
俾法律承認嘅權利

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或者，擁有合法身份嘅權利

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對於小朋友嚟講，就係出世紙

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雖然出世紙已經係普世嘅權益

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現今仍然有十億人冇佢哋存在嘅證明

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呢個係世上最違反人權嘅事件之一

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但似乎冇人知道

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面對世界上嘅貧困同飢餓

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確保每個人都有合法身份

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似乎唔係太緊要

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但事實上好重要

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喺我職業生涯嘅早期

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我同一位社工喺孟買嘅貧民窟工作

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我哋當時跟進緊一個小妹妹嘅個案

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佢喺嬰兒時期感染咗小兒麻痹症
導致腰部以下癱瘓。

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我哋去到佢屋企嘅時候

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發現佢訓喺地下

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佢雙只腳有嚴重嘅傷疤同感染

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佢營養不良

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佢從來冇返過學

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佢人生大部分嘅時間
都困喺又細又暗嘅房間入面

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我哋走嘅時候，我問個社工
下面嘅步驟係咩

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佢話︰「首先，我哋
要幫佢攞到出世紙。」

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我有啲嚇親

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我話︰「吓，你唔覺得我哋應該
幫佢攞到社會援助，

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幫佢搵安全嘅住處，
同埋搵學校先咩？」

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佢答︰「係呀，所以我哋咪
要幫佢攞到出世紙張。」

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原來，如果你冇合法身份

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你係唔會俾政府承認係個人

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一個非正式存在嘅人
無法使用政府服務

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政府亦只會提供服務

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俾佢哋承認嘅嗰啲人

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所以，冇合法身份嘅人就冇辦法
享受常規嘅免疫服務

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冇合法身份嘅人冇俾統計同保護

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佢哋來自最邊緣化嘅社區

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係社會中最貧窮嘅一群

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佢哋係人口販賣嘅受害者

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人販知道如果一個人
本身就冇存在嘅紀錄

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咁就幾乎唔會畀人搵到

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佢哋亦更容易受到剝削
例如童婚同做童工

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冇出生證明，你點樣證明
一個小朋友仲係小朋友？

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佢哋無國籍

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出世紙可以證明邊個係你嘅父母

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你喺邊度出世

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呢兩樣係取得國籍嘅重要因素

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全世界十億個冇合法身份嘅人入面

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絕大部分都係出世時
冇俾登記嘅小朋友

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喺落後國家

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超過六成嘅小朋友都冇出生紀錄

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一項對撒哈拉以南非洲
十七個國家嘅研究指出

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八成嘅小朋友都冇出世紙

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喺仲未全面達成

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全民出生登記嘅國家裡邊

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有 26 個國家，只有出世紙
先可以接受醫療保健服務

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例如注射疫苗

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有 37 個國家，只要有出世紙
先可以取得社會援助

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從而脫貧

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有 59 個國家，只要有出世紙

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小朋友先可以入學同畢業

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其他合法身份
例如國民身份證或護照

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都需要有出生證明

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而且幾乎每個國家都要求
你有某種形式嘅合法身份

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先可以投票、攞到電話卡
或者開銀行戶口

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事實上，全球冇銀行戶口嘅
十七億人裡邊

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有兩成人係因為冇合法嘅身份證明

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即使你唔係專家

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都會睇得出呢個係一個大問題

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有證據指出

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改善出生登記嘅普遍性

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同改善發展成果息息相關

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從減輕貧困

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到改善健康、營養、教育

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再到改善經濟

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同安全有序嘅移民

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2015 年，各國領袖共聚一堂

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承諾會維護所有人嘅人權

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唔會忽視任何一個人

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努力消除貧困

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飢餓

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同減少不平等

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但佢哋可以點維護人權

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如果一開始就有人俾忽略咗？

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無人知道呢班人係邊個，喺邊度

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佢哋又點會知道呢啲人
已經俾忽略咗呢？

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各國可以點樣做呢？

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冇統一做法嘅

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因為每個國家嘅情況都獨一無二

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但係有五個驗證過嘅通用措施

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第一，縮短距離

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第二，去除成本

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第三，簡化程序

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第四，消除歧視

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第五，增加需求

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性別歧視仍然係一個暗藏嘅問題

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雖然數據上

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男女嘅出生登記率並冇差別

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但係歧視並唔係針對小朋友——

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而係針對媽媽

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安哥拉在內嘅35個國家
係需要父親嘅姓名

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或者父親在場
先可以幫小朋友做出生登記

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因此，如果父親不詳、唔願意

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或者唔肯承認關係

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媽媽就冇辦法喺法律上為小朋友

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進行出生登記

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為咗解決呢個問題
安哥拉新增咗政策

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容許母親以單親家人嘅身份
為小朋友做出生登記

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喺坦桑尼亞，2012 年

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只有一成三嘅小朋友有出世紙

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所以政府提出咗新嘅體制

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喺現有嘅公共設施

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例如社區病房

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同醫療機構內設置登記中心

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佢哋將呢項服務
帶到去有需要嘅人嘅面前

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佢哋仲免去費用

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簡化同自動化咗個程序

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使到出世紙可以馬上發放

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為咗增加需求，佢哋開展咗
提高公眾意識嘅運動

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畀人民知道有新嘅程序

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同埋幫小朋友做出生登記嘅重要性

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短短幾年間，喺實施新體制嘅地區

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而家有八成三嘅小朋友都有出世紙

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佢哋正準備向全國推行呢個體制

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咁你可以做啲咩？

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我相信我哋嘅人性使我哋團結一致

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我哋居住喺同一個地球
我哋呼吸相同嘅空氣

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雖然我哋無法選擇自己嘅出生

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但我哋可以選擇如何去生活

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改變靠意識

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或者同情心

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來激發一個人去行動

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通過集體行動

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我哋會成為最強大嘅變革推動者

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不作為嘅代價係

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無辜嘅小朋友無法受保護
接種疫苗同返學

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長大成人後無法搵到
體面嘅工作或投票

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冇法脫離貧困
受排斥同俾無視嘅惡性循環

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我哋需要歸結起嚟

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將呢個問題從黑暗

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帶到光明

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因為你唔係每一日都有機會改變世界

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但係今日

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你可以

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多謝

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(掌聲)