[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.72,0:00:03.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when I was 14,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.25,0:00:07.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my family was in the process of adopting\Nmy little brothers from Ethiopia.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.66,0:00:09.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one day my mom asked,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.98,0:00:12.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What day should we put\Nfor their birthday?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.22,0:00:16.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Uh, the day they were born, obviously?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.18,0:00:17.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ridiculous question.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.92,0:00:19.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then my mom said,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.58,0:00:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, Kristen,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.85,0:00:23.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,neither of your little brothers\Nhave a birth certificate,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.60,0:00:26.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so how do you suggest\Nwe find out when that was?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.80,0:00:28.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mind blown.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.12,0:00:31.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, 20 years later,\NI'm still working on it,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.31,0:00:33.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except instead of trying\Nto solve the mystery
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.43,0:00:35.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of my brothers' missing\Nbirth certificates,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.47,0:00:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I try to solve this problem globally.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.31,0:00:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what do birth certificates have to do\Nwith international development?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.12,0:00:44.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To answer that, we have to look back\Nat the original development agenda,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.76,0:00:46.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the human rights agenda.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.47,0:00:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in 1948, the Universal\NDeclaration of Human Rights,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.33,0:00:51.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the first time,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.81,0:00:55.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,set a shared vision of basic\Nhuman rights and dignities
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.55,0:00:58.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that apply to all people in all nations:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.66,0:01:03.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Article 6, the right to be recognized\Nas a person before the law.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.40,0:01:05.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, a legal identity.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.23,0:01:07.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For children, this is a birth certificate.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.41,0:01:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And despite this being\Na universal human right,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.26,0:01:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one billion people today\Nhave no record they exist,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.76,0:01:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making it one of the greatest\Nhuman rights violations of our time,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.52,0:01:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet nobody seems to know about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.48,0:01:24.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the face of world poverty and hunger,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.90,0:01:27.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making sure everyone in the world\Nhas a legal identity
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.46,0:01:28.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doesn't really seem important,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.95,0:01:30.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in reality it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.40,0:01:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See, early in my career,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.80,0:01:36.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was working with a social worker\Nin a slum community in Mumbai,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.81,0:01:39.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we were following up\Non a case with this little girl
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.51,0:01:43.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had contracted polio as a baby\Nand was paralyzed from the waist down.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.48,0:01:46.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we arrived at the home,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.47,0:01:48.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we found her on the floor.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.27,0:01:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her legs were badly scarred and infected,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.29,0:01:52.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she was malnourished,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.90,0:01:55.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she had never gone to school
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.30,0:01:59.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she had spent most of her life\Nconfined to this small, dark room.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.91,0:02:04.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we left, I asked the social worker\Nwhat the case plan was,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.80,0:02:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she said, "Well first, we have\Nto get her a birth certificate."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.01,0:02:09.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was a little taken aback.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.40,0:02:12.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "Well, don't you think we need\Nto get her some social assistance
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.86,0:02:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a safe place to live\Nand into a school?"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.95,0:02:18.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She goes, "Exactly, which is why\Nwe need to get her a birth certificate."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.59,0:02:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See, without a legal identity,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.74,0:02:23.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you are not recognized\Nas a person by the government.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.30,0:02:27.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a person who doesn't officially exist\Ncan't access government services,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.96,0:02:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the government\Ncan only provide services
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.28,0:02:32.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the number of people they know about.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.29,0:02:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hence, people are overlooked, for example,\Nby routine immunization services.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.90,0:02:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People without a legal identity\Nare both uncounted and unprotected.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.70,0:02:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're among the poorest\Nmembers of society
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.07,0:02:47.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the most marginalized communities.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.61,0:02:49.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're victims of trafficking.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.65,0:02:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Human traffickers know that\Nit's nearly impossible to find someone
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.73,0:02:56.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if there was never a record\Nthey existed in the first place.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.44,0:03:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're victims of exploitation,\Nsuch as child marriage and child labor.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.25,0:03:04.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without a birth certificate,\Nhow do you prove a child is still a child?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.64,0:03:07.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're among the stateless;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.21,0:03:09.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,birth certificates provide proof\Nof who your parents are
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.88,0:03:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and where you were born,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.08,0:03:13.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the two main factors\Nfor acquiring nationality.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.38,0:03:18.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of the one billion people in the world\Nwithout a legal identity,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.48,0:03:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the vast majority are children\Nwho were never registered at birth.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.38,0:03:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the least developed nations,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.06,0:03:28.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the births of over 60 percent of children\Nhave never been recorded.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.36,0:03:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A study across 17 countries\Nin sub-Saharan Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.59,0:03:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,found that 80 percent of children\Ndid not have a birth certificate.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.85,0:03:38.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Out of the countries\Nthat have not yet achieved
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.34,0:03:41.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,universal birth registration coverage,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.14,0:03:45.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 26 countries, a birth certificate\Nis required to access health care,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.28,0:03:46.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including vaccines.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.59,0:03:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 37 countries, it's required\Nto access social assistance
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.98,0:03:53.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intended to bring people out of poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.23,0:03:59.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in 59 countries,\Na birth certificate is required
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.16,0:04:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a child to be enrolled\Nor complete school.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.88,0:04:06.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A birth certificate is also often required\Nfor other forms of legal identity,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.79,0:04:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a national ID or a passport.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.05,0:04:12.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some form of legal identity\Nin almost every country is required
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.61,0:04:15.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to vote, get a SIM card\Nor open a bank account.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.98,0:04:19.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, of the 1.7 billion people\Nin the world who are unbanked,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.76,0:04:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,20 percent is due to not having\Na legal identity document.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.97,0:04:27.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, you don't have to be an expert\Nto see that this, times a billion,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.82,0:04:29.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a big problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.95,0:04:31.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's not surprising\Nthat evidence shows
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.97,0:04:34.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that improved birth registration\Ncoverage goes hand in hand
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.80,0:04:36.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with improved development outcomes,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.54,0:04:37.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from poverty alleviation
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.98,0:04:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to better health, nutrition, education,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.97,0:04:42.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,economic improvement
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.51,0:04:44.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and safe and orderly migration.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.71,0:04:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2015, world leaders came together
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.40,0:04:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and promised that they would\Nuphold human rights of all people
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.10,0:04:56.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and leave no one behind
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.70,0:04:58.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in efforts to end poverty,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.75,0:04:59.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hunger
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.94,0:05:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and reduce inequalities.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.41,0:05:03.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But how are they going\Nto uphold human rights
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.58,0:05:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how do they know\Nif anyone is being left behind
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.05,0:05:09.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they do not know who they are\Nor where they are
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.36,0:05:10.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the first place?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.64,0:05:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what can countries do about this?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.13,0:05:18.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, there's no one-size-fits-all model,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.06,0:05:20.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because every country context is unique.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.33,0:05:24.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are five proven interventions\Nthat can be applied to any system.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.85,0:05:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Number one, reduce the distance.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.80,0:05:28.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two, remove the cost.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.69,0:05:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Three, simplify the process.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.58,0:05:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Four, remove discrimination.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.72,0:05:34.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Five, increase demand.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.43,0:05:38.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gender discrimination\Nremains a hidden problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.09,0:05:41.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because statistically,\Nthere's no difference
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.19,0:05:43.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between registration rates\Nof boys and girls.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.35,0:05:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the discrimination\Nisn't against the child --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.70,0:05:47.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's against the mother.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.18,0:05:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Angola was one of 35 countries\Nthat required a father's name
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.95,0:05:54.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or to be present in order\Nfor the child's birth to be registered.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.40,0:05:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in situations where the father\Nis unknown, unwilling
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.10,0:05:59.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or unable to claim paternity,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.02,0:06:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the mothers are legally prevented\Nfrom registering the births
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.30,0:06:04.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of their own children.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.08,0:06:07.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So to address this,\NAngola put a policy in place
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.89,0:06:10.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allowing mothers to register\Ntheir children as a single parent.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.35,0:06:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Tanzania, in 2012,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.40,0:06:17.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only 13 percent of children\Nhad a birth certificate.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.52,0:06:20.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the government\Ncame up with a new system.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.78,0:06:26.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They put registration centers\Nin existing infrastructure,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.13,0:06:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as community wards
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.04,0:06:29.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in health facilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.97,0:06:33.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they brought the services closer\Nto the people who needed them.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.16,0:06:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They removed the fee.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.14,0:06:37.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They simplified the process\Nand automated it,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.58,0:06:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the birth certificate\Ncould be issued on the spot.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.75,0:06:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To increase demand, they rolled out\Na public awareness campaign,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.85,0:06:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,letting people know\Nthat there's a new process
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.22,0:06:49.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and why it was important to register\Nthe births of their children.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.56,0:06:54.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In just a few years in the districts\Nwhere the new system was put in place,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.47,0:06:57.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,83 percent of children\Nnow have birth certificates,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.50,0:07:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're in the process\Nof rolling this out nationwide.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.33,0:07:02.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what can you do?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.63,0:07:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See, I believe we are all united\Nby our humanity.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.74,0:07:10.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We live on the same earth.\NWe breathe the same air.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.19,0:07:13.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while none of us chose to be born\Nor the situation we were born into,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.80,0:07:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we do get to choose how we live.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.59,0:07:19.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Change occurs when a moment of awareness
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.92,0:07:21.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a moment of compassion
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.65,0:07:23.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inspires a person to act.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.59,0:07:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And through our collective action,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.46,0:07:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we become the most powerful\Nagents of change.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.92,0:07:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when the cost of inaction is\Ninnocent children are left unprotected,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.12,0:07:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unvaccinated, unable to go to school,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.83,0:07:39.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,growing up to be adults who are unable\Nto find decent work or vote,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.70,0:07:44.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trapped in a cycle of poverty,\Nexclusion and invisibility,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.59,0:07:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it comes down to us
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.34,0:07:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to take this issue out of the darkness
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.79,0:07:49.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and into the light.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.54,0:07:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it's not every day you get\Nthe opportunity to change the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.38,0:07:55.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but today,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.74,0:07:56.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you do.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.94,0:07:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.13,0:08:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)