[Script Info]
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[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.92,0:00:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A canvas drenched in sunset hues,\Ncolors radiating like flame.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.97,0:00:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At first glance, this painting may appear \Nto be an impossible, abstract image.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.66,0:00:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But a closer look reveals \Nthe tender stems,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.62,0:00:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lush petals and velvety texture \Nof a Canna Lily.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.08,0:00:26.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This metamorphosis of natural subjects\Ninto abstract geometry
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.67,0:00:29.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is commonplace in the work \Nof Georgia O’Keeffe—
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.51,0:00:32.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the revolutionary American painter \Nand sculptor.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.100,0:00:35.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the magic behind \Nthis transformation remains
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.66,0:00:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just as elusive as the artist herself.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.09,0:00:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Born in Wisconsin in 1887, O’Keeffe spent\Nher childhood plucking wildflowers
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.42,0:00:46.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and arranging fruits to paint.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.91,0:00:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At seventeen, she moved to Chicago \Nto study at the prestigious Art Institute.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.00,0:00:55.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her teachers trained her \Nto faithfully reproduce reality
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.17,0:00:57.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the conventions of European masters.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.73,0:01:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although she enjoyed the solitude \Nand precision of this work,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.08,0:01:04.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,O’Keeffe felt little \Npersonal connection to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.63,0:01:08.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After moving to New York, she was \Nincreasingly drawn to the clean lines,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.73,0:01:13.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,striking composition and vivid colors \Nof Japanese art.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.13,0:01:15.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,O’Keeffe soon found a teacher \Nwhose lessons inspired her
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.81,0:01:18.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to put those interests into practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.17,0:01:20.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unlike her previous teachers,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.01,0:01:24.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Arthur Wesley Dow urged his students\Nto focus on more abstract representations
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.69,0:01:27.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of light, shape, and color.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.33,0:01:31.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These lessons manifested in O’Keeffe’s\Nfirst series of abstract drawings.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.94,0:01:35.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rendered in charcoal, they present \Na series of undulating lines,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.73,0:01:38.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bold shading and billowing clouds.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.47,0:01:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These drawings defy easy classification—
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.31,0:01:45.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suggesting, but never quite matching,\Nany specific natural reference.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.66,0:01:48.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Earlier European painters \Nin the Cubist tradition
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.71,0:01:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had employed rigid geometry\Nto abstract external subjects.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.84,0:01:56.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here, O’Keeffe employed \Nthe shapes and rhythms of nature
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.69,0:01:59.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to capture her internal feelings.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.25,0:02:01.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Experiments like these \Nwould soon become a cornerstone
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.87,0:02:05.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of an artistic movement \Ncalled American Modernism.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.13,0:02:08.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although no single style defines \NModernist painting,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.19,0:02:11.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its proponents shared a desire \Nto challenge the realist traditions
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.87,0:02:14.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that dominated art education.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.51,0:02:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beginning in the late 1910’s, \NModernist painting
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.43,0:02:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often used geometric shapes \Nand bold colors
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.20,0:02:23.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to probe the American psyche.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.05,0:02:25.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,O’Keeffe threw herself \Ninto these experiments —
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.53,0:02:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but she was reluctant \Nto share her new work.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.36,0:02:32.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, when a friend sent her charcoals\Nto the art dealer Alfred Stieglitz,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.53,0:02:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he became entranced.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.06,0:02:38.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1916, he arranged \Nfor a grand exhibition in New York.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.58,0:02:42.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This marked the beginning of O’Keeffe’s\Ncareer as a popular artist—
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.14,0:02:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a relationship that would lead \Nto marriage in 1924.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.02,0:02:48.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marriage didn’t diminish O’Keeffe’s\Ntaste for solitude.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.99,0:02:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She travelled widely to teach,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.82,0:02:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and often retreated to paint \Nfor months at a time.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.92,0:02:57.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether she was exploring \Nthe craggy canyons of Texas,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.11,0:03:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the quiet forests of South Carolina, \Nor the sun-bleached desert of New Mexico,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.02,0:03:06.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,her creative process was based on \Nritual and close observation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.13,0:03:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She paid meticulous attention \Nto small details,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.08,0:03:13.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and spent hours mixing paints \Nto create exactly the right colors.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.25,0:03:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When she found the perfect hue,\Nshe’d record it
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.68,0:03:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in her ever-growing collection\Nof handmade color cards.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.50,0:03:23.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,O’Keeffe also experimented \Nwith perspective to celebrate objects
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.33,0:03:25.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were often overlooked.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.05,0:03:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In "Rams Head with Hollyhock,"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.04,0:03:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she places a weathered skull \Nand a delicate flower
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.84,0:03:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,high above the hills below.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.26,0:03:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This massive skull overshadows \Nthe landscape,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.08,0:03:39.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,casting both the skeleton \Nand the mountains in a new, eerie light.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.100,0:03:44.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The public was captivated by her \Nunique perspective and secretive behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.66,0:03:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was particularly praised \Nfor her massive flower paintings,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.08,0:03:51.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ranging from fiery poppies \Nto ghostly calla lillies.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.78,0:03:55.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stieglitz and other critics of the time \Nwere infatuated by Freudian psychology,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.93,0:03:59.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and were quick to link these paintings\Nto female genitalia.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.23,0:04:01.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But O’Keeffe dismissed \Nsuch interpretations.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.68,0:04:04.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She resented the male gaze \Nthat dominated the art world,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.59,0:04:06.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and demanded her work be respected
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.66,0:04:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for its emotional evocation \Nof the natural world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.98,0:04:12.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eventually, O’Keeffe settled down \Nin New Mexico,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.92,0:04:15.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,near one of her favorite artist retreats.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.56,0:04:18.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In her 70’s, her eyesight began to fail,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.45,0:04:23.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but she continued to mine the landscape’s\Nmysteries in new, tactile mediums.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.48,0:04:26.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,O’Keeffe kept creating \Nuntil her death at 98,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.71,0:04:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is remembered as \Nthe “Mother of American Modernism.”
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.38,0:04:33.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Decades on, her work retains \Nits wild energy—
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.94,0:04:36.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and O’Keeffe her personal mystique.