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Thank you very much.

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Well, I would like
to start with testicles.

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(Laughter)

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Men who sleep five hours a night

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have significantly smaller testicles
than those who sleep seven hours or more.

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(Laughter)

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In addition, men who routinely sleep
just four to five hours a night

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will have a level of testosterone

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which is that of someone
10 years their senior.

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So a lack of sleep
will age a man by a decade

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in terms of that
critical aspect of wellness.

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And we see equivalent impairments
in female reproductive health

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caused by a lack of sleep.

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This is the best news
that I have for you today.

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(Laughter)

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From this point, it may only get worse.

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Not only will I tell you
about the wonderfully good things

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that happen when you get sleep

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but the alarmingly bad things
that happen when you don't get enough,

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both for your brain and for your body.

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Let me start with the brain

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and the functions of learning and memory,

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because what we've discovered
over the past 10 or so years

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is that you need sleep after learning

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to essentially hit the save button
on those new memories

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so that you don't forget.

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But recently we discovered

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that you also need sleep before learning,

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and now to actually prepare your brain,

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almost like a dry sponge

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ready to initially soak up
new information.

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And without sleep,
the memory circuits of the brain

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essentially become waterlogged,

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as it were,

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and you can't absorb new memories.

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So let me show you the data.

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Here in this study, we decided
to test the hypothesis

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that pulling the all-nighter
was a good idea.

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So we took a group of individuals

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and we assigned them
to one of two experimental groups:

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a sleep group,

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and a sleep deprivation group.