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now the number of people fleeing wars

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violence or civil disorder rose again

3
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last year even as the coronavirus

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pandemic brought much of the world

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to a standstill by the end of 2020 there

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were

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82.4 million people who were forcibly

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displaced from their homes that's

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according

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to the united nations refugee agency and

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as you can see that is

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double the number that it was a decade

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ago more than two-thirds of those

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officially recognized as refugees

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came from just five countries syria

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venezuela

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afghanistan south sudan and myanmar

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our next report takes us to pakistan

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which has hosted hundreds of thousands

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of afghan refugees

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for four decades

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a small grocery store in this refugee

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camp in pakistan

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every day he checks his income and

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expenses

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he was about the same age as this child

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when his family fled afghanistan some 40

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years ago

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today it's a distant memory

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we had to get out of afghanistan there

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was a war going on

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so when the situation became worse we

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fled

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pakistan we've been able to live here

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ever since

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afghanistan after the soviet invasion in

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1979

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he has lived in the camp ever since it's

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one of 20

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in this province alone more than a

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million afghans live in pakistan

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they're largely on their own

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[Music]

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i would be lying if i said we got

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financial support

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the truth is we don't get any aid from

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the pakistani government

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now for the first time pakistan is

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registering the afghan refugees residing

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in the country

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registered refugees are issued a

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biometric identity card

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many children born here have never been

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registered at all

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it's hoped the data will give

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international aid agencies a clearer

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picture

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of the needs in the refugee community

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this exercise we are collecting a most

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updated

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information of afghan refugees such as

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education level vocational

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skills also maybe language also

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vulnerability

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and this updated information is also

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going to assist

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us to better design from our activities

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not only in pakistan but in afghanistan

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when they return to afghanistan

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pakistani authorities have tried to

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encourage refugees to return home

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nadine jazz is interviewing families to

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see if they're ready to make the move

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after nato troops leave afghanistan

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their new id cards are only valid until

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2023

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in a questionnaire they're asked if the

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situation in afghanistan

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normalizes then do they want to leave

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ninety percent of the refugees answer

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with a no they do not want to go back to

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their home country

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for baha'i khan one thing is clear

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he will only return home if there's

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peace

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they are the caminantes or walkers

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millions of them have left venezuela

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fleeing the country's humanitarian

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crisis

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now some of them are going back the

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pandemic and political turmoil in

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neighboring colombia has prompted a wave

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of venezuelans

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worn down by economic hardship to make

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the journey home

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i left with the goal of succeeding and

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helping my family but now

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prices are too high in colombia i could

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not make ends meet

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luis arias just made it back to

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venezuela after walking for two weeks

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with his family from the colombian

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capital bogota

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they survived on goodwill along the way

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but that dried up

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when they crossed the border

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the situation at home is dire ngos say

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that the country needs much more

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international aid

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to stave off crippling hunger financing

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has been

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way below what is necessary in regards

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to the dimensions of the crisis in the

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country

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the numbers are shameful

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even the aid that does reach venezuela

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is hard to distribute

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activist efforts are often hampered by

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fuel shortages

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violence corruption and political

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meddling

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according to the world food program

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venezuela is among the four

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worst countries in the world with food

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insecurity

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and the u.n predicts that by the end of

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this year seven

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million people could have left venezuela

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making it the second largest migration

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after syria yet humanitarian aid for

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venezuela

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is at its minimum andreina bermudez

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thought about joining the exodus

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but says the risk was and is too high

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with young children

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through her eldest daughter's school her

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family received food and educational

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supplies from unicef until december

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now they're hoping more aid can restart

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the program

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i noticed that when we received the aid

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many parents were happy and thankful

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mostly for the food because we could

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give the children in our school

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a balanced meal

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to make ends meet this stay-at-home mom

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relies on what she can't find

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today a neighbor has extra eggs for sale

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but the supply of cheap food is sporadic

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we cannot buy imported products in

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regular supermarkets at dollar prices

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so we have to settle for small markets

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near home

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vegetable merchants and places that sell

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at better prices

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that is the venezuela the caminantes are

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walking home to

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a country still ravaged by economic

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decline

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it's people still struggling to feed

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themselves still waiting for

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international help

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can speak now to chris melser he's a

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spokesperson for the un's refugee agency

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good morning chris thank you for joining

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us we just saw a report

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there with afghans who who fled conflict

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and your report shows the bear's

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mentioning again that the number of

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people who

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have been forced to flee their homes

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rose again despite the pandemic so

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what are the biggest drivers behind this

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rise

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yeah this is indeed these were very very

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depressing numbers and

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you already mentioned that um more than

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two-thirds of the refugees are only from

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from five countries and

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the most of the of the refugees are

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still from syria

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six point seven million um the

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another hotspot is for example is

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venezuela where

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also millions of people flew that

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country

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afghanistan south sudan these are all

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these these drivers of the development

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um the the plus is this year not not

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that big like in other years but

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yes 82.4 million this is the the

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complete all the inhabitants of germany

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or um

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one percent of the human kind is is

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now refugee or internal displaced person

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and chris where are the majority of

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these refugees ending up

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and are they able to stay where they end

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up

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well the last question is a very

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important question still the biggest

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host country for refugees is turkey with

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3.7 million refugees who found

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protection there

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most of them from from syria colombia is

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another country

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who accepted millions of people pakistan

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as you mentioned in the um in the report

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uganda and germany is

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number five with 1.2 million refugees

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farming protection in germany

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but don't make a mistake 86 percent of

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all the refugees 86 are in developing

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countries

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and these are very often also countries

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who also suffer of problems with

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malnutrition and other things but anyway

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they are hosting

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almost 9 out of 10 refugees another

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staggering number chris is that

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more than 40 percent of those who are

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fleeing are children

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many are born as refugees many are

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stateless

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what kind of impact does that have on

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these children's futures

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this is also depressing and i was many

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refugee camps in bangladesh

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i'm just returned from ethiopia and i've

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heard from several

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refugees around the world actually

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parents telling me

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forget us we are a lost generation they

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do something for our children give them

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education they have a chance

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well we don't want to give up the

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parents generation as well but indeed

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education is the key factor for the for

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the children so these

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refugees will not stay refugees that

241
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they become engineers pilots

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doctors whatever um handyman but at

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least that they have a future and that's

244
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why this is also priority for us

245
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unfortunately quite often we do not have

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enough money to give more than just

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basic education

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yeah that is indeed troubling and chris

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i want to ask you about something we saw

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in a report the prospect of refugees

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returning

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back to their home countries we've also

253
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seen denmark for example

254
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declare parts of syria safe for refugees

255
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to return so they're canceling residency

256
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permits

257
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so what happens to refugees who do

258
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return so what are conditions like for

259
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them

260
00:09:51,279 --> 00:09:53,200
well this is very very different from

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from country to country when it comes to

262
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syria

263
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we don't think that syria is in any way

264
00:09:57,680 --> 00:10:00,160
um a safe place again that you can

265
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return refugees against their word to

266
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syria

267
00:10:03,839 --> 00:10:05,839
in other places it might be possible for

268
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example about a quarter million of

269
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refugees returned last year and this is

270
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of course a glimmer of hope

271
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but unfortunately for for most of the

272
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refugees

273
00:10:14,959 --> 00:10:17,760
and about three quarters of all refugees

274
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stay in the neighboring countries always

275
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and i hope to

276
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go back where they where they come from

277
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very soon

278
00:10:23,279 --> 00:10:25,279
for many of them this is unfortunately

279
00:10:25,279 --> 00:10:26,399
um not

280
00:10:26,399 --> 00:10:29,360
a near-time solution and i do want to

281
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come back to germany because you

282
00:10:31,200 --> 00:10:32,480
mentioned that this is a country that

283
00:10:32,480 --> 00:10:33,360
also hosts

284
00:10:33,360 --> 00:10:35,200
millions of asylum seekers it did

285
00:10:35,200 --> 00:10:37,600
register fewer asylum seekers last year

286
00:10:37,600 --> 00:10:39,120
but the u.n high commissioner for

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00:10:39,120 --> 00:10:40,880
refugees philippa grandia said

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inclusion is key so just briefly if you

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can chris

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what is needed here to these tools that

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are needed to make uh refugees in

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germany feel at home

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we just talked to paul landfield he's a

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refugee in austria but i think it's the

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same thing

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um who came from hungary modern 60 years

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ago

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and he's now a well-known journalist in

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austria and he said

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integration is a key because refugees

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are a treasure

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so that's why refugees learn the

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language

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try to to to use your chances that also

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the host community the germany on that

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case austria

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used this treasure integrate the people

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teach refugees language and so on and

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then

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this is the best you can do because

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integration is one part of the solution

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for

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the worldwide refugee problem chris

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melzer from the unhcr thank you for

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sharing your insights with us today

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you