[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.73,0:00:10.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Three and a half thousand years ago in Egypt,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.12,0:00:14.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a noble pharaoh was the victim \Nof a violent attack.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.43,0:00:16.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the attack was not physical.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.45,0:00:19.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This royal had been dead for 20 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.73,0:00:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The attack was historical,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.88,0:00:26.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an act of damnatio memoriae,\Nthe damnation of memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.83,0:00:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Somebody smashed the pharaoh's statues,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.56,0:00:35.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took a chisel and attempted to erase \Nthe pharaoh's name and image from history.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.50,0:00:39.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who was this pharaoh,\Nand what was behind the attack?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.42,0:00:40.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's the key:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.83,0:00:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pharaoh Hatshepsut was a woman.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.48,0:00:48.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the normal course of things,\Nshe should never have been pharaoh.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.21,0:00:50.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although it was legal \Nfor a woman to be a monarch,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.78,0:00:54.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it disturbed some essential Egyptian beliefs.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.25,0:00:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Firstly, the pharaoh was known\Nas the living embodiment
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.52,0:01:00.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the male god Horus.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.41,0:01:04.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Secondly, disturbance to the tradition\Nof rule by men
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.21,0:01:07.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a serious challenge to Maat,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.32,0:01:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a word for "truth," \Nexpressing a belief in order and justice,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.79,0:01:13.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vital to the Egyptians.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.71,0:01:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hatshepsut had perhaps tried to adapt
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.06,0:01:20.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to this belief in the link between \Norder and patriarchy through her titles.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.81,0:01:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She took the name Maatkare,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.45,0:01:24.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sometimes referred to herself\N
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.55,0:01:28.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as Hatshepsu, \Nwith a masculine word ending.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.13,0:01:31.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But apparently, these efforts \Ndidn't convince everyone,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.76,0:01:34.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and perhaps someone \Nerased Hatshepsut's image
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.33,0:01:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that the world would forget \Nthe disturbance to Maat,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.66,0:01:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Egypt could be balanced again.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.79,0:01:44.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hatshepsut, moreover, \Nwas not the legitimate heir to the thrown,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.57,0:01:48.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a regent, \Na kind of stand-in co-monarch.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.23,0:01:51.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Egyptian kingship traditionally \Npassed from father to son.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.99,0:01:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It passed from Thutmose I \Nto his son Thutmose II,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.00,0:01:57.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hatshepsut's husband.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.83,0:02:02.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It should have passed from Thutmose II \Ndirectly to his son Thutmose III,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.71,0:02:06.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Thutmose III was a little boy \Nwhen his father died.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.66,0:02:10.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hatshepsut, the dead pharaoh's chief wife and widow,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.06,0:02:13.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stepped in to help \Nas her stepson's regent
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.37,0:02:18.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but ended up ruling beside him \Nas a fully fledged pharaoh.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.03,0:02:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Perhaps Thutmose III was angry about this.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.72,0:02:23.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Perhaps he was the one \Nwho erased her images.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.84,0:02:26.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also possible that someone wanted \Nto dishonor Hatshepsut
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.89,0:02:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because she was a bad pharaoh.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.98,0:02:32.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the evidence suggests \Nshe was actually pretty good.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.41,0:02:35.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She competently fulfilled \Nthe traditional roles of the office.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.59,0:02:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was a great builder.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.10,0:02:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her mortuary temple, Djeser-Djeseru,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.96,0:02:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was an architectural phenomenon \Nat the time
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.60,0:02:44.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is still admired today.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.58,0:02:46.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She enhanced the economy of Egypt,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.77,0:02:51.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,conducting a very successful trade mission\Nto the distant land of Punt.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.74,0:02:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She had strong religious connections.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.76,0:02:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She even claimed to be the daughter \Nof the state god, Amun.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.66,0:03:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she had a successful military career,\Nwith a Nubian campaign,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.06,0:03:06.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and claims she fought alongside \Nher soldiers in battle.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.14,0:03:09.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, we have to be careful\Nwhen we assess the success
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.79,0:03:11.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Hatshepsut's career,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.21,0:03:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since most of the evidence \Nwas written by Hatshepsut herself.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.16,0:03:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She tells her own story \Nin pictures and writing
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.08,0:03:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the walls of her mortuary temple
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.32,0:03:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the red chapel she built for Amun.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.44,0:03:27.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So who committed the crimes \Nagainst Hatshepsut's memory?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.23,0:03:32.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most popular suspect is \Nher stepson, nephew and co-ruler, Thutmose III.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.84,0:03:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did he do it out of anger \Nbecause she stole his throne?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.96,0:03:38.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is unlikely since \Nthe damage wasn't done
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.59,0:03:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until 20 years after Hatshepsut died.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.74,0:03:46.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a long time to hang onto anger \Nand then act in a rage.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.13,0:03:49.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe Thutmose III did it \Nto make his own reign look stronger.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.47,0:03:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it is most likely that \Nhe or someone else erased the images
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.52,0:03:58.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that people would forget \Nthat a woman ever sat on Egypt's throne.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.59,0:04:02.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This gender anomaly was simply \Ntoo much of a threat to Maat
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.70,0:04:05.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had to be obliterated from history.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.79,0:04:09.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Happily, the ancient censors \Nwere not quite thorough enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.73,0:04:13.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Enough evidence survived for us \Nto piece together what happened,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.17,0:04:17.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the story of this unique powerful woman\Ncan now be told.