0:00:09.205,0:00:11.195
"Kechirasiz, telefonimni quvvati tugadi".

0:00:11.195,0:00:13.494
"Jiddiy narsa yo'q. Hammasi yaxshi".

0:00:13.494,0:00:16.847
"Qo'yilgan ayblovlar mutlaqo asossiz".

0:00:16.847,0:00:20.799
"Kompaniya boshliqlari bu [br]qonunbuzarliklardan bexabar edi".

0:00:20.799,0:00:23.543
"Men seni sevaman".

0:00:23.543,0:00:26.656
Biz yolg'on bilan har kuni 10 dan[br]200 martagacha yuzlanamiz,

0:00:26.656,0:00:30.022
va yolg'onni aniqlash yo'llarini

0:00:30.022,0:00:32.700
topish uchun ancha vaqt ketkazamiz:

0:00:32.700,0:00:36.042
O'rta asr tergov va qiynash [br]qurollaridan tortib, poligraflar

0:00:36.042,0:00:38.725
ovoz va nafas olishni [br]analiz qiladigan mashinalar,

0:00:38.725,0:00:42.324
200 kg dan iborat miya biotoklarini [br]yozuvchi uskunalargacha.

0:00:42.324,0:00:45.296
Shunga qaramay, bunday uskunalar ma'lum bir[br]sharoyitda ishlaydi

0:00:45.296,0:00:48.156
va ko'pchiliklarini hattoki aldash [br]ham mumkin, va ularni sud

0:00:48.156,0:00:52.121
jarayoni uchun ishlatishni [br]ishonchli deb bilishmaydi.

0:00:52.121,0:00:54.665
Agar muammo bu usullarda emas, [br]aldoqchilarning

0:00:54.665,0:00:59.066
fiziologik belgilarining o'zgarishi [br]borasidagi g'oyada bo'lsa-chi?

0:00:59.066,0:01:01.071
Agar bunga to'g'ri qarasak, muloqotga

0:01:01.071,0:01:05.146
oid bilimlarni yolg'onni analiz qilish [br]uchun qo'llasak-chi?

0:01:05.146,0:01:09.983
Biz ko'pincha o'zimizni yanada yaxshiroq [br]ta'riflash uchun aldasak kerak.

0:01:09.983,0:01:12.859
Aslida qanday bo'lishni xoxlasak [br]shunday ta'riflaymiz.

0:01:12.859,0:01:15.317
Asli holimizda qanaqa ekanligimizni emas.

0:01:15.317,0:01:19.569
Lekin miyamiz orzu qilish bilan band [br]bo'lganda, u juda ko'p signallar beradi.

0:01:19.569,0:01:23.728
Bizning ongimiz emotsional informatsiya-[br]ning bor-yo'g'i 5%ini boshqaradi,

0:01:23.728,0:01:25.288
muloqot ham shu jumladan.

0:01:25.288,0:01:28.931
Qolgan 95%i esa ongimiz doirasidan [br]tashqarida.

0:01:28.931,0:01:31.874
Reallikni his qilish haqidagi ayrim [br]adabiyotlarga ko'ra,

0:01:31.874,0:01:34.236
tasavvurga asoslangan voqealar

0:01:34.236,0:01:38.117
haqiqatga asoslanganlariga qaraganda [br]katta farq qiladi.

0:01:38.117,0:01:42.143
Bu shuni anglatadiki, ma'lum bir mavzuda [br]yolg'onni o'ylab topish kuch talab etadi,

0:01:42.143,0:01:45.226
va buning oqibatida boshqacha [br]til modeli ishlatiladi.

0:01:45.226,0:01:48.231
"Lingvistik matn analizi" deb nom [br]olgan texnologiya

0:01:48.231,0:01:50.955
yolg'onning ong osti tilining to'rtta [br]umumiy modelini

0:01:50.955,0:01:53.942
aniqlashga yordam berdi.

0:01:53.942,0:01:58.497
Birinchi model: aldayotganda yolg'onchilar[br]o'zi haqida juda kam axborot beradi.

0:01:58.497,0:02:02.248
Ular o'z yolg'onidan uzoqroq bo'lish [br]maqsadida o'zlari haqida

0:02:02.248,0:02:05.509
uchinchi shaxsda gapirishadi yoki [br]yozishadi.

0:02:05.509,0:02:07.158
Nima soxta eshitiladi:

0:02:07.158,0:02:09.990
"Uyda hech qanday bazm uyushtirilmadi"

0:02:09.990,0:02:13.178
yoki "Men bu uyda bazm uyushtirmadim"?

0:02:13.178,0:02:15.757
Ikkinchi tomondan, yolg'onchilarda[br]odatda o'z yolg'oni

0:02:15.757,0:02:19.262
sabab aybdorlik hissi uyg'onib, [br]oqibatda negativ kayfiyatda bo'lishadi.

0:02:19.262,0:02:21.422
Masalan yolg'onchi shunday deydi:

0:02:21.422,0:02:25.613
"Kechirasiz, telefonim o'chib qolgandi. [br]O'lgudek yomon ko'raman shunday qilishini"

0:02:25.613,0:02:28.877
Uchinchidan, yolg'onchilar odatda [br]hammasini juda oddiy izohlashadi.

0:02:28.877,0:02:32.155
Bunga sabab, miyaning murakkab[br]yolg'on o'ylab topishdan bosh tortishi.

0:02:32.155,0:02:33.329
Hukm yoki baho?

0:02:33.329,0:02:36.183
Bu narsalarni miyada hisob-kitob [br]qilish qiyin.

0:02:36.183,0:02:38.678
AQSH prezidentining gaplarini eslaymiz:

0:02:38.678,0:02:41.790
"Menda bu ayol bilan hech qanday jinsiy [br]aloqa bo'lgani yo'q".

0:02:41.790,0:02:44.683
Va, nihoyat, oddiy izohlashlarga qaramasdan,

0:02:44.683,0:02:48.158
yolg'onchilar murakkab va oddiy bo'lmagan[br]gap tuzilishlarini qo'llashadi.

0:02:48.158,0:02:49.764
Keraksiz so'zlarni ishlatib,

0:02:49.764,0:02:53.500
ahamiyatsiz, lekin rost bo'lib ko'rinuvchi[br]detallarni keltirishadi.

0:02:53.500,0:02:56.164
Boshqa prezident shov-shuvdan[br]keyin shunday degan:

0:02:56.164,0:02:59.534
"Haqiqiy qidiruv-tergov ishlaridan keyin [br]shuni ishontirib aytamanki,

0:02:59.534,0:03:01.321
Oq uy ishchilaridan hech kim,

0:03:01.321,0:03:03.700
hozirgi administratiyadan hech kimning

0:03:03.700,0:03:06.919
bu g'alati hodisada qo'li yo'q".

0:03:06.919,0:03:10.188
Keling lingvistik analizni mashhur [br]misollar bilan ko'rib chiqamiz.

0:03:10.188,0:03:13.444
7 karra "Tur de Frans" g'olibi [br]Lens Armstrongni olaylik.

0:03:13.444,0:03:15.397
2005-yilgi doping moddalarini

0:03:15.397,0:03:18.274
iste'mol qilganini inkor qilgan [br]intervyusi bilan

0:03:18.274,0:03:21.212
2013-yilgi buni tan olgan [br]intervyusini solishtiramiz.

0:03:21.212,0:03:25.192
Ikkinchi intervyuda u ishlatgan shaxsiy [br]olmoshlar soni 3/4 ga ortgan.

0:03:25.192,0:03:27.859
Quyidagi ikkita gaplarni bir [br]solishtirib ko'ring.

0:03:27.859,0:03:32.170
Birinchisi: "Xa, bilasizmi, [br]Parij laboratoriyasidagi yigit, kim edi,

0:03:32.170,0:03:36.131
qandaydir Jan-Fransis, sinov uchun [br]namunalar oladi.

0:03:36.131,0:03:38.816
Keyin esa sizga gazetadan qo'ng'iroq qilib[br]aytishadi:

0:03:38.816,0:03:43.129
"Biz EPO bo'yicha 6 marta ijobiy [br]analiz oldik".

0:03:43.129,0:03:45.028
Ikkinchisi: "Men adashib ketdim.

0:03:45.028,0:03:47.947
Men aminman, bu qo'lidan keladigan [br]odamlar topiladi, lekin

0:03:47.947,0:03:49.728
bu aniq meni qo'limdan kelmaydi.

0:03:49.728,0:03:52.750
Men hayotimda hamma narsani [br]boshqarishga odatlanganman.

0:03:52.750,0:03:55.412
Va men hayotimdagi har bir natijani [br]boshqarganman."

0:03:55.412,0:03:58.318
Armstrong inkor qilayotib tahminiy [br]bir holatni tasvirlaydi,

0:03:58.318,0:04:00.321
uyam bo'lsa boshqa bir shaxsga qaratilgan,

0:04:00.321,0:04:03.003
o'zini to'liq chetda qoldirgan holda.

0:04:03.003,0:04:04.980
Tan olayotib esa u o'zi haqda gapiradi

0:04:04.980,0:04:08.609
va shaxsiy hissiyotlari va motivatsiyasiga[br]berilib ketadi.

0:04:08.609,0:04:12.576
Lekin shaxs olmoshlari ishlatilish tartibi[br]ham yolg'on ko'rsatuvchi indikatordir.

0:04:12.576,0:04:14.909
AQSH prezidentligiga da'vogar [br]sobiq senator

0:04:14.909,0:04:17.984
Jon Edvardsning ham nutqini ko'rib [br]chiqamiz:

0:04:17.984,0:04:20.662
"Menga faqat bolaning otasi[br]deyilayotgan inson go'dakning

0:04:20.662,0:04:22.678
otasi u ekanini tan olgani ma'lum.

0:04:22.678,0:04:24.816
Men shuningdek, ayolga yoki[br]go'dakning otasiga

0:04:24.816,0:04:27.442
qo'yilgan talab yoki to'lov bilan bog'liq[br]bo'lgan,

0:04:27.442,0:04:31.957
shu kabi hech qanday biror harakatlarda [br]qatnashmadim".

0:04:31.957,0:04:36.420
Bu yerda nafaqat "Bola meniki emas" gapi-[br]ning chalkash bir ko'rinishini ko'ryapmiz,

0:04:36.420,0:04:39.330
bunda Edvards boshqalarni biror marta ham [br]ismlari bilan

0:04:39.330,0:04:43.163
aytmasdan, "go'dak", "ayol", [br]"taxminiy ota" so'zlarini ishlatdi.

0:04:43.163,0:04:46.216
Endi esa oxiri qanday holatda tan olganini[br]ko'ramiz:

0:04:46.216,0:04:47.767
"Men Quinning otasiman.

0:04:47.767,0:04:50.048
Men unga u loyiq bo'lgan mehrni[br]va yordamni

0:04:50.048,0:04:52.967
berish uchun kelgan hamma ishni qilaman.

0:04:52.967,0:04:54.768
Gaplar qisqa va aniq.

0:04:54.768,0:04:58.327
Go'dak ismi bilan aytilyapti, uning [br]hayotidagi roli nazarda tutilgan.

0:04:58.327,0:05:01.558
Xo'sh, bu metodlarni hayotda [br]qanday qo'llasa bo'ladi?

0:05:01.558,0:05:05.219
Birinchidan, hayotda biz eshitadigan [br]yolg'onlar

0:05:05.219,0:05:09.844
misollarda keltirilgan yolg'onlarga [br]nisbatan ancha zararsiz va jiddiy emas.

0:05:09.844,0:05:12.528
Qaysi belgilar yolg'onni fosh etib [br]qo'yadi:

0:05:12.530,0:05:15.702
o'zi haqida kam gapirish, [br]nutqdagi negativ ton,

0:05:15.702,0:05:20.084
oddiy ta'riflar va murakkab iboralar.

0:05:20.084,0:05:23.130
Bu sizni katta narxlarda arzon aksiyalarni[br]sotib olmaslikdan,

0:05:23.130,0:05:26.200
sifatsiz mahsulot sotib olishdan,[br]yomon munosabatlardan saqlaydi.