[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.20,0:00:11.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Sorry, my phone died."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.20,0:00:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It's nothing. I'm fine."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.49,0:00:16.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"These allegations \Nare completely unfounded."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.85,0:00:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The company was not aware\Nof any wrongdoing."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.80,0:00:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I love you."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.54,0:00:26.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We hear anywhere\Nfrom 10 to 200 lies a day,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.66,0:00:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we spent much of our history\Ncoming up with ways to detect them,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.02,0:00:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from medieval torture devices\Nto polygraphs,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.70,0:00:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blood pressure and breathing monitors,\Nvoice stress analyzers,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.04,0:00:38.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eye trackers, infrared brain scanners,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.72,0:00:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even \Nthe 400-pound electroencephalogram.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.32,0:00:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But although such tools have worked\Nunder certain cirumstances,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.30,0:00:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most can be fooled \Nwith enough preparation,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.16,0:00:52.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and none are considered reliable enough\Nto even be admissible in court.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.12,0:00:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, what if the problem \Nis not with the techniques,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.66,0:00:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the underlying assumption\Nthat lying spurs physiological changes?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.07,0:01:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we took a more direct approach,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.07,0:01:05.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using communication science\Nto analyze the lies themselves?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.15,0:01:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On a psychological level, we lie partly\Nto paint a better picture of ourselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.98,0:01:12.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,connecting our fantasies\Nto the person we wish we were
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.86,0:01:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than the person we are.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.32,0:01:19.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But while our brain is busy dreaming,\Nit's letting plenty of signals slip by.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.57,0:01:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our conscious mind only controls \Nabout 5% of our cognitive function,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.73,0:01:25.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including communication,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.29,0:01:28.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while the other 95% occurs\Nbeyond our awareness,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.93,0:01:31.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and according to the literature\Non reality monitoring,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.87,0:01:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stories based on imagined experiences
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.24,0:01:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are qualitatively different\Nfrom those based on real experiences.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.12,0:01:42.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This suggests that creating a false story\Nabout a personal topic takes work
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.14,0:01:45.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and results in a different\Npattern of language use.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.23,0:01:48.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A technology \Nknown as linguistic text analysis
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.23,0:01:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has helped to identify\Nfour such common patterns
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.96,0:01:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the subconscious language of deception.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.94,0:01:58.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, liars reference themselves less,\Nwhen making deceptive statements.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.50,0:02:02.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They write or talk more about others,\Noften using the third person
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.25,0:02:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to distance and disassociate\Nthemselves from their lie,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.51,0:02:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which sounds more false:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.16,0:02:09.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Absolutely no party took \Nplace at this house,"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.99,0:02:13.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or "I didn't host a party here."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.18,0:02:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second, liars tend to be more negative,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.76,0:02:19.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because on a subconscious level,\Nthey feel guilty about lying.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.26,0:02:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, a liar might say \Nsomething like,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.42,0:02:25.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Sorry, my stupid phone battery \Ndied. I hate that thing."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.61,0:02:28.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Third, liars typically explain \Nevents in simple terms
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.88,0:02:32.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since our brains struggle\Nto build a complex lie.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.16,0:02:33.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Judgement and evaluation
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.33,0:02:36.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are complex things\Nfor our brains to compute.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.18,0:02:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a U.S. President once \Nfamously insisted:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.68,0:02:41.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I did not have sexual relations\Nwith that woman."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.79,0:02:44.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And finally, even though liars \Nkeep descriptions simple,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.68,0:02:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they tend to use longer \Nand more convoluted sentence structure,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.16,0:02:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inserting unnecessary words
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.76,0:02:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and irrelevant but factual \Nsounding details in order to pad the lie.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.50,0:02:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another President confronted \Nwith a scandal proclaimed:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.16,0:02:59.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I can say, categorically, \Nthat this investigation indicates
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.53,0:03:01.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that no one on the White House staff,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.32,0:03:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no one in this administration\Npresently employed
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.70,0:03:06.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was involved \Nin this very bizarre incident."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.92,0:03:10.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's apply linguistic analysis\Nto some famous examples.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.19,0:03:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take seven-time Tour de France\Nwinner Lance Armstrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.44,0:03:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When comparing a 2005 interview,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.40,0:03:18.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which he had denied taking\Nperformance-enhancing drugs
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.27,0:03:21.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a 2013 interview,\Nin which he admitted it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.21,0:03:25.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his use of personal pronouns\Nincreased by nearly 3/4.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.19,0:03:27.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Note the contrast \Nbetween the following two quotes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.86,0:03:32.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First: "Okay, you know, a guy \Nin a French, in a Parisian laboratory
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.17,0:03:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opens up your sample, you know,\NJean-Francis so-and-so, and he tests it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.13,0:03:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you get a phone call\Nfrom a newspaper that says:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.82,0:03:43.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'We found you to be positive\Nsix times for EPO."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.13,0:03:45.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second: "I lost myself in all of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.03,0:03:47.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm sure there would be other people\Nthat couldn't handle it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.95,0:03:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I certainly couldn't handle it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.73,0:03:52.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I was used to controlling \Neverything in my life.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.75,0:03:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I controlled every outcome in my life."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.41,0:03:58.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In his denial, Armstrong described\Na hypothetical situation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.32,0:04:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,focused on someone else,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.32,0:04:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,removing himself \Nfrom the situation entirely.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.00,0:04:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In his admission, he owns his statements,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.98,0:04:08.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,delving into his personal emotions \Nand motivations.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.61,0:04:12.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the use of personal pronouns\Nis just one indicator of deception.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.58,0:04:14.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's look at another example\Nfrom former Senator
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.91,0:04:17.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and U.S. Presidential candidate\NJohn Edwards:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.98,0:04:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I only know that the apparent \Nfather has said publicly
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.66,0:04:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he is the father of the baby.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.68,0:04:25.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also have not been engaged \Nin any activity of any description
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.71,0:04:29.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that requested, agreed to, \Nor supported payments of any kind
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.17,0:04:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the woman \Nor to the apparent father of the baby."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.38,0:04:36.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only is that a pretty long-winded\Nway to say, "The baby isn't mine,"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.42,0:04:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Edwards never calls\Nthe other parties by name,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.33,0:04:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead saying "that baby," "the woman,"\Nand "the apparent father."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.16,0:04:46.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now let's see what he had to say\Nwhen later admitting paternity:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.22,0:04:47.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I am Quinn's father.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.77,0:04:50.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will do everything \Nin my power to provide her
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.05,0:04:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the love and support she deserves."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.97,0:04:54.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The statement is short and direct,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.77,0:04:58.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,calling the child by name \Nand addressing his role in her life.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.33,0:05:01.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how can you apply these\Nlie-spotting techniques to your life?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.56,0:05:05.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, remember that many of the lies\Nwe encounter on a daily basis
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.22,0:05:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are far less serious that these examples,\Nand may even be harmless.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.84,0:05:12.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's still worthwhile \Nto be aware of telltale clues,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.53,0:05:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like minimal self-references,\Nnegative language,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.24,0:05:19.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,simple explanations \Nand convoluted phrasing.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.52,0:05:22.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It just might help you avoid\Nan overvalued stock,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.84,0:05:26.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an ineffective product,\Nor even a terrible relationship.