[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I told you three things last year.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.00,0:00:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I told you that the statistics of the world
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.00,0:00:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have not been made properly available.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.00,0:00:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because of that, we still have the old mindset
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.00,0:00:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of developing in industrialized countries, which is wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.00,0:00:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that animated graphics can make a difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.00,0:00:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Things are changing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.00,0:00:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and today, on the United Nations Statistic Division Home Page,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.00,0:00:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it says, by first of May, full access to the databases.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.00,0:00:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.00,0:00:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if I could share the image with you on the screen.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.00,0:00:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So three things have happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.00,0:00:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,U.N. opened their statistic databases,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.00,0:00:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have a new version of the software
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.00,0:00:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up working as a beta on the net,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.00,0:00:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you don't have to download it any longer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.00,0:00:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And let me repeat what you saw last year.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.00,0:00:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The bubbles are the countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.00,0:00:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here you have the fertility rate -- the number of children per woman --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.00,0:01:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there you have the length of life in years.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.00,0:01:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is 1950 -- those were the industrialized countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.00,0:01:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those were developing countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.00,0:01:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At that time there was a "we" and "them."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.00,0:01:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a huge difference in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.00,0:01:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then it changed, and it went on quite well.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.00,0:01:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is what happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.00,0:01:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see how China is the red, big bubble.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.00,0:01:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The blue there is India.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.00,0:01:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they go over all this -- I'm going to try to be
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.00,0:01:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a little more serious this year in showing you
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.00,0:01:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how things really changed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.00,0:01:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's Africa that stands out as the problem down here, doesn't it?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.00,0:01:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Large families still, and the HIV epidemic
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.00,0:01:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brought down the countries like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.00,0:01:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is more or less what we saw last year,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.00,0:01:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is how it will go on into the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.00,0:01:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I will talk on, is this possible?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.00,0:01:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because you see now, I presented statistics that don't exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.00,0:01:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because this is where we are.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.00,0:01:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Will it be possible that this will happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.00,0:01:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I cover my lifetime here, you know?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.00,0:01:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I expect to live 100 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.00,0:02:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is where we are today.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.00,0:02:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now could we look here instead at the economic situation in the world?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.00,0:02:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I would like to show that against child survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.00,0:02:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll swap the axis.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.00,0:02:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here you have child mortality -- that is, survival --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.00,0:02:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,four kids dying there, 200 dying there.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.00,0:02:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is GDP per capita on this axis.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.00,0:02:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this was 2007.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.00,0:02:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if I go back in time, I've added some historical statistics --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.00,0:02:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here we go, here we go, here we go -- not so much statistics 100 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.00,0:02:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some countries still had statistics.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.00,0:02:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are looking down in the archive,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.00,0:02:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when we are down into 1820,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.00,0:02:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is only Austria and Sweden that can produce numbers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.00,0:02:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.00,0:02:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they were down here. They had 1,000 dollars per person per year.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.00,0:03:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they lost one-fifth of their kids before their first birthday.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.00,0:03:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is what happens in the world, if we play the entire world.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.00,0:03:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How they got slowly richer and richer,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.00,0:03:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they add statistics.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.00,0:03:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Isn't it beautiful when they get statistics?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.00,0:03:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see the importance of that?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.00,0:03:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here, children don't live longer.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.00,0:03:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last century, 1870, was bad for the kids in Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.00,0:03:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because most of this statistics is Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.00,0:03:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was only by the turn of the century
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.00,0:03:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that more than 90 percent of the children survived their first year.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.00,0:03:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is India coming up, with the first data from India.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.00,0:03:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is the United States moving away here, earning more money.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.00,0:03:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we will soon see China coming up in the very far end corner here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.00,0:03:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it moves up with Mao Tse-Tung getting health,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.00,0:03:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not getting so rich.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.00,0:03:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There he died, then Deng Xiaoping brings money.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.00,0:03:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It moves this way over here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.00,0:03:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the bubbles keep moving up there,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.00,0:03:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is what the world looks like today.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.00,0:03:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.00,0:04:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let us have a look at the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.00,0:04:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a function here -- I can tell the world, "Stay where you are."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.00,0:04:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I take the United States -- we still want to see the background --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.00,0:04:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I put them up like this, and now we go backwards.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.00,0:04:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can see that the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.00,0:04:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,goes to the right of the mainstream.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.00,0:04:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are on the money side all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.00,0:04:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And down in 1915, the United States was a neighbor of India --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.00,0:04:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,present, contemporary India.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.00,0:04:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that means United States was richer,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.00,0:04:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but lost more kids than India is doing today, proportionally.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.00,0:04:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And look here -- compare to the Philippines of today.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.00,0:04:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Philippines of today has almost the same economy
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.00,0:04:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the United States during the First World War.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.00,0:04:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we have to bring United States forward quite a while
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.00,0:04:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find the same health of the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.00,0:04:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we have in the Philippines.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.00,0:04:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About 1957 here, the health of the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.00,0:04:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the same as the Philippines.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.00,0:05:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is the drama of this world which many call globalized,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.00,0:05:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that Asia, Arabic countries, Latin America,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.00,0:05:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are much more ahead in being healthy, educated,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.00,0:05:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having human resources than they are economically.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.00,0:05:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a discrepancy in what's happening today
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.00,0:05:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the emerging economies.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.00,0:05:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There now, social benefits, social progress,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.00,0:05:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are going ahead of economical progress.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.00,0:05:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And 1957 -- the United States had the same economy as Chile has today.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.00,0:05:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how long do we have to bring United States
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.00,0:05:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get the same health as Chile has today?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.00,0:05:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we have to go, there -- we have 2001, or 2002 --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.00,0:05:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the United States has the same health as Chile.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.00,0:05:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chile's catching up!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.00,0:05:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Within some years Chile may have better child survival
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.00,0:05:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.00,0:05:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is really a change, that you have this lag
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.00,0:05:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of more or less 30, 40 years' difference on the health.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.00,0:05:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And behind the health is the educational level.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.00,0:06:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's a lot of infrastructure things,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.00,0:06:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and general human resources are there.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.00,0:06:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we can take away this --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.00,0:06:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I would like to show you the rate of speed,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.00,0:06:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the rate of change, how fast they have gone.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.00,0:06:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we go back to 1920, and I want to look at Japan.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.00,0:06:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I want to look at Sweden and the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.00,0:06:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm going to stage a race here
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.00,0:06:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between this sort of yellowish Ford here
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.00,0:06:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the red Toyota down there,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.00,0:06:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the brownish Volvo.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.00,0:06:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.00,0:06:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here we go. Here we go.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.00,0:06:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Toyota has a very bad start down here, you can see,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.00,0:06:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the United States Ford is going off-road there.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.00,0:06:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the Volvo is doing quite fine.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.00,0:06:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the war. The Toyota got off track, and now
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.00,0:06:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Toyota is coming on the healthier side of Sweden --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.00,0:06:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can you see that?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.00,0:06:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they are taking over Sweden,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.00,0:06:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they are now healthier than Sweden.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.00,0:06:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the part where I sold the Volvo and bought the Toyota.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.00,0:06:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.00,0:07:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now we can see that the rate of change was enormous in Japan.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.00,0:07:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They really caught up.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.00,0:07:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this changes gradually.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.00,0:07:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to look over generations to understand it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.00,0:07:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And let me show you my own sort of family history --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.00,0:07:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we made these graphs here.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.00,0:07:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is the same thing, money down there, and health, you know?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.00,0:07:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is my family.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.00,0:07:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Sweden, 1830, when my great-great-grandma was born.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.00,0:07:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sweden was like Sierra Leone today.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.00,0:07:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is when great-grandma was born, 1863.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.00,0:07:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Sweden was like Mozambique.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.00,0:07:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is when my grandma was born, 1891.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.00,0:07:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She took care of me as a child,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.00,0:07:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I'm not talking about statistic now --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.00,0:07:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now it's oral history in my family.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.00,0:07:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's when I believe statistics,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.00,0:07:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it's grandma-verified statistics.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.00,0:07:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.00,0:07:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's the best way of verifying historical statistics.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.00,0:07:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sweden was like Ghana.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.00,0:08:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's interesting to see the enormous diversity
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.00,0:08:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within sub-Saharan Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.00,0:08:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I told you last year, I'll tell you again,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.00,0:08:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my mother was born in Egypt, and I -- who am I?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.00,0:08:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm the Mexican in the family.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.00,0:08:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my daughter, she was born in Chile,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.00,0:08:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the grand-daughter was born in Singapore,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.00,0:08:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now the healthiest country on this Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.00,0:08:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It bypassed Sweden about two to three years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.00,0:08:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with better child survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.00,0:08:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they're very small, you know?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.00,0:08:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're so close to the hospital we can never
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.00,0:08:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beat them out in these forests.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.00,0:08:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.00,0:08:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But homage to Singapore.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.00,0:08:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Singapore is the best one.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.00,0:08:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this looks also like a very good story.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.00,0:08:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's not really that easy, that it's all a good story.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.00,0:08:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because I have to show you one of the other facilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.00,0:08:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can also make the color here represent the variable --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.00,0:08:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what am I choosing here?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.00,0:08:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carbon-dioxide emission, metric ton per capita.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.00,0:08:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is 1962, and United States was emitting 16 tons per person.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.00,0:08:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And China was emitting 0.6,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.00,0:09:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and India was emitting 0.32 tons per capita.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.00,0:09:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what happens when we moved on?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.00,0:09:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, you see the nice story of getting richer
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.00,0:09:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and getting healthier --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.00,0:09:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone did it at the cost of emission of carbon dioxide.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.00,0:09:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is no one who has done it so far.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.00,0:09:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we don't have all the updated data
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.00,0:09:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any longer, because this is really hot data today.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.00,0:09:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there we are, 2001.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.00,0:09:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the discussion I attended with global leaders, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.00,0:09:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many say now the problem is that the emerging economies,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.00,0:09:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are getting out too much carbon dioxide.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.00,0:09:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Minister of the Environment of India said,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.00,0:09:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, you were the one who caused the problem."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.00,0:09:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The OECD countries -- the high-income countries --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.00,0:09:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were the ones who caused the climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.00,0:09:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But we forgive you, because you didn't know it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.00,0:09:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But from now on, we count per capita.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.00,0:09:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From now on we count per capita.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.00,0:09:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And everyone is responsible for the per capita emission."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.00,0:10:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This really shows you, we have not seen good economic
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.00,0:10:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and health progress anywhere in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.00,0:10:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without destroying the climate.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.00,0:10:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is really what has to be changed.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.00,0:10:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been criticized for showing you a too positive image of the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.00,0:10:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I don't think it's like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.00,0:10:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world is quite a messy place.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.00,0:10:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This we can call Dollar Street.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.00,0:10:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone lives on this street here.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.00,0:10:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What they earn here -- what number they live on --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.00,0:10:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is how much they earn per day.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.00,0:10:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This family earns about one dollar per day.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.00,0:10:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We drive up the street here,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.00,0:10:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we find a family here which earns about two to three dollars a day.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.00,0:10:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we drive away here -- we find the first garden in the street,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.00,0:10:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they earn 10 to 50 dollars a day.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.00,0:10:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how do they live?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.00,0:10:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we look at the bed here, we can see
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.00,0:10:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they sleep on a rug on the floor.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.00,0:10:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what poverty line is --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.00,0:10:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,80 percent of the family income is just to cover the energy needs,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.00,0:10:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the food for the day.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.00,0:10:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is two to five dollars. You have a bed.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.00,0:11:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here it's a much nicer bedroom, you can see.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.00,0:11:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I lectured on this for Ikea, and they wanted to see
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.00,0:11:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sofa immediately here.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.00,0:11:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.00,0:11:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is the sofa, how it will emerge from there.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.00,0:11:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the interesting thing, when you go around here in the photo panorama,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.00,0:11:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you see the family still sitting on the floor there.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.00,0:11:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although there is a sofa,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.00,0:11:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you watch in the kitchen, you can see that
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.00,0:11:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the great difference for women does not come between one to 10 dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.00,0:11:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It comes beyond here, when you really can get
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.00,0:11:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,good working conditions in the family.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.00,0:11:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you really want to see the difference,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.00,0:11:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you look at the toilet over here.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.00,0:11:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This can change. This can change.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.00,0:11:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are all pictures and images from Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.00,0:11:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it can become much better.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.00,0:11:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can get out of poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.00,0:11:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My own research has not been in IT or anything like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.00,0:11:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I spent 20 years in interviews with African farmers
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.00,0:11:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who were on the verge of famine.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.00,0:11:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is the result of the farmers-needs research.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.00,0:11:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The nice thing here is that you can't see
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.00,0:11:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are the researchers in this picture.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.00,0:12:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's when research functions in poor societies --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.00,0:12:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you must really live with the people.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.00,0:12:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you're in poverty, everything is about survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.00,0:12:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about having food.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.00,0:12:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these two young farmers, they are girls now --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.00,0:12:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the parents are dead from HIV and AIDS --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.00,0:12:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they discuss with a trained agronomist.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.00,0:12:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is one of the best agronomists in Malawi, Junatambe Kumbira,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.00,0:12:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he's discussing what sort of cassava they will plant --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.00,0:12:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the best converter of sunshine to food that man has found.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.00,0:12:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they are very, very eagerly interested to get advice,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.00,0:12:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's to survive in poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.00,0:12:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's one context.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.00,0:12:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Getting out of poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.00,0:12:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The women told us one thing. "Get us technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.00,0:12:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We hate this mortar, to stand hours and hours.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.00,0:12:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Get us a mill so that we can mill our flour,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.00,0:12:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we will be able to pay for the rest ourselves."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.00,0:12:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Technology will bring you out of poverty,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.00,0:12:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there's a need for a market to get away from poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.00,0:13:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this woman is very happy now, bringing her products to the market.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.00,0:13:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But she's very thankful for the public investment in schooling
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.00,0:13:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so she can count, and won't be cheated when she reaches the market.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.00,0:13:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She wants her kid to be healthy, so she can go to the market
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.00,0:13:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and doesn't have to stay home.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.00,0:13:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she wants the infrastructure -- it is nice with a paved road.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.00,0:13:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also good with credit.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.00,0:13:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Micro-credits gave her the bicycle, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.00,0:13:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And information will tell her when to go to market with which product.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.00,0:13:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can do this.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.00,0:13:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I find my experience from 20 years of Africa is that
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.00,0:13:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the seemingly impossible is possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.00,0:13:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africa has not done bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.00,0:13:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 50 years they've gone from a pre-Medieval situation
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.00,0:13:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a very decent 100-year-ago Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.00,0:13:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a functioning nation and state.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.00,0:13:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would say that sub-Saharan Africa has done best in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.00,0:13:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the last 50 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.00,0:13:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we don't consider where they came from.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.00,0:13:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's this stupid concept of developing countries
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.00,0:13:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that puts us, Argentina and Mozambique together 50 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.00,0:13:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and says that Mozambique did worse.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.00,0:13:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to know a little more about the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.00,0:14:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have a neighbor who knows 200 types of wine.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.00,0:14:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He knows everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.00,0:14:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He knows the name of the grape, the temperature and everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.00,0:14:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I only know two types of wine -- red and white.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.00,0:14:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.00,0:14:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But my neighbor only knows two types of countries --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.00,0:14:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industrialized and developing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.00,0:14:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I know 200, I know about the small data.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.00,0:14:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you can do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.00,0:14:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.00,0:14:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I have to get serious. And how do you get serious?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.00,0:14:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You make a PowerPoint, you know?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.00,0:14:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.00,0:14:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Homage to the Office package, no?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.00,0:14:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is this, what is this, what am I telling?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.00,0:14:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm telling you that there are many dimensions of development.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.00,0:14:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone wants your pet thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.00,0:14:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you are in the corporate sector, you love micro-credit.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.00,0:14:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you are fighting in a non-governmental organization,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.00,0:14:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you love equity between gender.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.00,0:14:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or if you are a teacher, you'll love UNESCO, and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.00,0:14:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the global level, we have to have more than our own thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.00,0:14:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.00,0:14:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All these things are important for development,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.00,0:15:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially when you just get out of poverty
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.00,0:15:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you should go towards welfare.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.00,0:15:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, what we need to think about
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.00,0:15:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is, what is a goal for development,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.00,0:15:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what are the means for development?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.00,0:15:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me first grade what are the most important means.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.00,0:15:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Economic growth to me, as a public-health professor,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.00,0:15:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the most important thing for development
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.00,0:15:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it explains 80 percent of survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.00,0:15:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Governance. To have a government which functions --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.00,0:15:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's what brought California out of the misery of 1850.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.00,0:15:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the government that made law function finally.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.00,0:15:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Education, human resources are important.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.00,0:15:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Health is also important, but not that much as a mean.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.00,0:15:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Environment is important.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.00,0:15:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Human rights is also important, but it just gets one cross.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.00,0:15:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now what about goals? Where are we going toward?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.00,0:15:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are not interested in money.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.00,0:15:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Money is not a goal.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.00,0:15:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the best mean, but I give it zero as a goal.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.00,0:15:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Governance, well it's fun to vote in a little thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.00,0:15:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's not a goal.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.00,0:16:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And going to school, that's not a goal, it's a mean.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.00,0:16:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Health I give two points. I mean it's nice to be healthy
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.00,0:16:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- at my age especially -- you can stand here, you're healthy.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.00,0:16:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's good, it gets two plusses.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.00,0:16:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Environment is very, very crucial.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.00,0:16:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's nothing for the grandkid if you don't save up.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.00,0:16:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But where are the important goals?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.00,0:16:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, it's human rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.00,0:16:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Human rights is the goal,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.00,0:16:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's not that strong of a mean for achieving development.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.00,0:16:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And culture. Culture is the most important thing, I would say,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.00,0:16:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's what brings joy to life.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.00,0:16:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the value of living.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.00,0:16:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the seemingly impossible is possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.00,0:16:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even African countries can achieve this.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.00,0:16:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I've shown you the shot where the seemingly impossible is possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.00,0:16:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And remember, please remember my main message,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.00,0:16:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is this: the seemingly impossible is possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.00,0:16:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can have a good world.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.00,0:16:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I showed you the shots, I proved it in the PowerPoint,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.00,0:17:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think I will convince you also by culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.00,0:17:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.00,0:17:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.00,0:17:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bring me my sword!
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.00,0:17:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sword swallowing is from ancient India.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.00,0:17:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a cultural expression that for thousands of years
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.00,0:17:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has inspired human beings to think beyond the obvious.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.00,0:17:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.00,0:17:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I will now prove to you that the seemingly impossible is possible
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.00,0:17:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by taking this piece of steel -- solid steel --
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.00,0:17:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is the army bayonet from the Swedish Army, 1850,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.00,0:17:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the last year we had war.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:44.00,0:17:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's all solid steel -- you can hear here.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.00,0:17:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm going to take this blade of steel,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.00,0:17:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and push it down through my body of blood and flesh,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.00,0:18:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and prove to you that the seemingly impossible is possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.00,0:18:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can I request a moment of absolute silence?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.00,0:18:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)