0:00:00.000,0:00:02.000 I told you three things last year. 0:00:02.000,0:00:05.000 I told you that the statistics of the world 0:00:05.000,0:00:08.000 have not been made properly available. 0:00:08.000,0:00:10.000 Because of that, we still have the old mindset 0:00:10.000,0:00:13.000 of developing in industrialized countries, which is wrong. 0:00:14.000,0:00:18.000 And that animated graphics can make a difference. 0:00:19.000,0:00:21.000 Things are changing 0:00:21.000,0:00:25.000 and today, on the United Nations Statistic Division Home Page, 0:00:25.000,0:00:28.000 it says, by first of May, full access to the databases. 0:00:30.000,0:00:33.000 (Applause) 0:00:33.000,0:00:37.000 And if I could share the image with you on the screen. 0:00:38.000,0:00:39.000 So three things have happened. 0:00:39.000,0:00:42.000 U.N. opened their statistic databases, 0:00:42.000,0:00:46.000 and we have a new version of the software 0:00:46.000,0:00:48.000 up working as a beta on the net, 0:00:48.000,0:00:50.000 so you don't have to download it any longer. 0:00:51.000,0:00:53.000 And let me repeat what you saw last year. 0:00:53.000,0:00:54.000 The bubbles are the countries. 0:00:54.000,0:00:58.000 Here you have the fertility rate -- the number of children per woman -- 0:00:58.000,0:01:01.000 and there you have the length of life in years. 0:01:02.000,0:01:05.000 This is 1950 -- those were the industrialized countries, 0:01:05.000,0:01:06.000 those were developing countries. 0:01:06.000,0:01:08.000 At that time there was a "we" and "them." 0:01:08.000,0:01:10.000 There was a huge difference in the world. 0:01:10.000,0:01:14.000 But then it changed, and it went on quite well. 0:01:14.000,0:01:15.000 And this is what happens. 0:01:16.000,0:01:19.000 You can see how China is the red, big bubble. 0:01:19.000,0:01:20.000 The blue there is India. 0:01:20.000,0:01:23.000 And they go over all this -- I'm going to try to be 0:01:23.000,0:01:25.000 a little more serious this year in showing you 0:01:25.000,0:01:27.000 how things really changed. 0:01:28.000,0:01:31.000 And it's Africa that stands out as the problem down here, doesn't it? 0:01:31.000,0:01:34.000 Large families still, and the HIV epidemic 0:01:34.000,0:01:36.000 brought down the countries like this. 0:01:36.000,0:01:39.000 This is more or less what we saw last year, 0:01:39.000,0:01:41.000 and this is how it will go on into the future. 0:01:42.000,0:01:44.000 And I will talk on, is this possible? 0:01:44.000,0:01:47.000 Because you see now, I presented statistics that don't exist. 0:01:48.000,0:01:50.000 Because this is where we are. 0:01:50.000,0:01:53.000 Will it be possible that this will happen? 0:01:54.000,0:01:56.000 I cover my lifetime here, you know? 0:01:56.000,0:01:58.000 I expect to live 100 years. 0:01:58.000,0:02:00.000 And this is where we are today. 0:02:00.000,0:02:07.000 Now could we look here instead at the economic situation in the world? 0:02:08.000,0:02:13.000 And I would like to show that against child survival. 0:02:13.000,0:02:14.000 We'll swap the axis. 0:02:15.000,0:02:19.000 Here you have child mortality -- that is, survival -- 0:02:19.000,0:02:21.000 four kids dying there, 200 dying there. 0:02:22.000,0:02:24.000 And this is GDP per capita on this axis. 0:02:25.000,0:02:28.000 And this was 2007. 0:02:28.000,0:02:32.000 And if I go back in time, I've added some historical statistics -- 0:02:32.000,0:02:38.000 here we go, here we go, here we go -- not so much statistics 100 years ago. 0:02:38.000,0:02:40.000 Some countries still had statistics. 0:02:40.000,0:02:42.000 We are looking down in the archive, 0:02:42.000,0:02:46.000 and when we are down into 1820, 0:02:46.000,0:02:50.000 there is only Austria and Sweden that can produce numbers. 0:02:50.000,0:02:53.000 (Laughter) 0:02:53.000,0:02:57.000 But they were down here. They had 1,000 dollars per person per year. 0:02:57.000,0:03:00.000 And they lost one-fifth of their kids before their first birthday. 0:03:01.000,0:03:04.000 So this is what happens in the world, if we play the entire world. 0:03:04.000,0:03:07.000 How they got slowly richer and richer, 0:03:07.000,0:03:08.000 and they add statistics. 0:03:08.000,0:03:10.000 Isn't it beautiful when they get statistics? 0:03:10.000,0:03:12.000 You see the importance of that? 0:03:12.000,0:03:14.000 And here, children don't live longer. 0:03:14.000,0:03:18.000 The last century, 1870, was bad for the kids in Europe, 0:03:18.000,0:03:20.000 because most of this statistics is Europe. 0:03:20.000,0:03:23.000 It was only by the turn of the century 0:03:23.000,0:03:26.000 that more than 90 percent of the children survived their first year. 0:03:26.000,0:03:29.000 This is India coming up, with the first data from India. 0:03:29.000,0:03:34.000 And this is the United States moving away here, earning more money. 0:03:34.000,0:03:39.000 And we will soon see China coming up in the very far end corner here. 0:03:39.000,0:03:41.000 And it moves up with Mao Tse-Tung getting health, 0:03:41.000,0:03:42.000 not getting so rich. 0:03:42.000,0:03:45.000 There he died, then Deng Xiaoping brings money. 0:03:45.000,0:03:46.000 It moves this way over here. 0:03:47.000,0:03:49.000 And the bubbles keep moving up there, 0:03:49.000,0:03:51.000 and this is what the world looks like today. 0:03:51.000,0:03:57.000 (Applause) 0:03:57.000,0:04:00.000 Let us have a look at the United States. 0:04:00.000,0:04:03.000 We have a function here -- I can tell the world, "Stay where you are." 0:04:04.000,0:04:07.000 And I take the United States -- we still want to see the background -- 0:04:07.000,0:04:10.000 I put them up like this, and now we go backwards. 0:04:10.000,0:04:13.000 And we can see that the United States 0:04:13.000,0:04:16.000 goes to the right of the mainstream. 0:04:16.000,0:04:18.000 They are on the money side all the time. 0:04:19.000,0:04:24.000 And down in 1915, the United States was a neighbor of India -- 0:04:25.000,0:04:27.000 present, contemporary India. 0:04:27.000,0:04:29.000 And that means United States was richer, 0:04:29.000,0:04:33.000 but lost more kids than India is doing today, proportionally. 0:04:34.000,0:04:37.000 And look here -- compare to the Philippines of today. 0:04:37.000,0:04:40.000 The Philippines of today has almost the same economy 0:04:41.000,0:04:43.000 as the United States during the First World War. 0:04:43.000,0:04:47.000 But we have to bring United States forward quite a while 0:04:47.000,0:04:50.000 to find the same health of the United States 0:04:50.000,0:04:51.000 as we have in the Philippines. 0:04:52.000,0:04:55.000 About 1957 here, the health of the United States 0:04:55.000,0:04:57.000 is the same as the Philippines. 0:04:57.000,0:05:00.000 And this is the drama of this world which many call globalized, 0:05:00.000,0:05:03.000 is that Asia, Arabic countries, Latin America, 0:05:03.000,0:05:08.000 are much more ahead in being healthy, educated, 0:05:08.000,0:05:11.000 having human resources than they are economically. 0:05:11.000,0:05:13.000 There's a discrepancy in what's happening today 0:05:13.000,0:05:15.000 in the emerging economies. 0:05:15.000,0:05:19.000 There now, social benefits, social progress, 0:05:19.000,0:05:22.000 are going ahead of economical progress. 0:05:22.000,0:05:28.000 And 1957 -- the United States had the same economy as Chile has today. 0:05:29.000,0:05:32.000 And how long do we have to bring United States 0:05:32.000,0:05:34.000 to get the same health as Chile has today? 0:05:35.000,0:05:40.000 I think we have to go, there -- we have 2001, or 2002 -- 0:05:40.000,0:05:42.000 the United States has the same health as Chile. 0:05:42.000,0:05:43.000 Chile's catching up! 0:05:44.000,0:05:46.000 Within some years Chile may have better child survival 0:05:46.000,0:05:48.000 than the United States. 0:05:48.000,0:05:51.000 This is really a change, that you have this lag 0:05:51.000,0:05:56.000 of more or less 30, 40 years' difference on the health. 0:05:56.000,0:05:58.000 And behind the health is the educational level. 0:05:58.000,0:06:00.000 And there's a lot of infrastructure things, 0:06:00.000,0:06:03.000 and general human resources are there. 0:06:03.000,0:06:06.000 Now we can take away this -- 0:06:06.000,0:06:10.000 and I would like to show you the rate of speed, 0:06:10.000,0:06:13.000 the rate of change, how fast they have gone. 0:06:13.000,0:06:20.000 And we go back to 1920, and I want to look at Japan. 0:06:21.000,0:06:24.000 And I want to look at Sweden and the United States. 0:06:24.000,0:06:26.000 And I'm going to stage a race here 0:06:26.000,0:06:29.000 between this sort of yellowish Ford here 0:06:29.000,0:06:31.000 and the red Toyota down there, 0:06:31.000,0:06:33.000 and the brownish Volvo. 0:06:33.000,0:06:35.000 (Laughter) 0:06:35.000,0:06:37.000 And here we go. Here we go. 0:06:37.000,0:06:40.000 The Toyota has a very bad start down here, you can see, 0:06:40.000,0:06:43.000 and the United States Ford is going off-road there. 0:06:43.000,0:06:44.000 And the Volvo is doing quite fine. 0:06:44.000,0:06:46.000 This is the war. The Toyota got off track, and now 0:06:46.000,0:06:49.000 the Toyota is coming on the healthier side of Sweden -- 0:06:49.000,0:06:50.000 can you see that? 0:06:50.000,0:06:51.000 And they are taking over Sweden, 0:06:51.000,0:06:53.000 and they are now healthier than Sweden. 0:06:53.000,0:06:55.000 That's the part where I sold the Volvo and bought the Toyota. 0:06:55.000,0:06:58.000 (Laughter) 0:06:58.000,0:07:02.000 And now we can see that the rate of change was enormous in Japan. 0:07:02.000,0:07:04.000 They really caught up. 0:07:04.000,0:07:06.000 And this changes gradually. 0:07:06.000,0:07:09.000 We have to look over generations to understand it. 0:07:09.000,0:07:14.000 And let me show you my own sort of family history -- 0:07:14.000,0:07:16.000 we made these graphs here. 0:07:16.000,0:07:20.000 And this is the same thing, money down there, and health, you know? 0:07:20.000,0:07:22.000 And this is my family. 0:07:23.000,0:07:27.000 This is Sweden, 1830, when my great-great-grandma was born. 0:07:28.000,0:07:30.000 Sweden was like Sierra Leone today. 0:07:31.000,0:07:34.000 And this is when great-grandma was born, 1863. 0:07:35.000,0:07:37.000 And Sweden was like Mozambique. 0:07:37.000,0:07:39.000 And this is when my grandma was born, 1891. 0:07:39.000,0:07:41.000 She took care of me as a child, 0:07:41.000,0:07:43.000 so I'm not talking about statistic now -- 0:07:43.000,0:07:45.000 now it's oral history in my family. 0:07:46.000,0:07:47.000 That's when I believe statistics, 0:07:47.000,0:07:50.000 when it's grandma-verified statistics. 0:07:50.000,0:07:53.000 (Laughter) 0:07:53.000,0:07:56.000 I think it's the best way of verifying historical statistics. 0:07:56.000,0:07:57.000 Sweden was like Ghana. 0:07:57.000,0:08:00.000 It's interesting to see the enormous diversity 0:08:00.000,0:08:02.000 within sub-Saharan Africa. 0:08:03.000,0:08:05.000 I told you last year, I'll tell you again, 0:08:05.000,0:08:08.000 my mother was born in Egypt, and I -- who am I? 0:08:08.000,0:08:09.000 I'm the Mexican in the family. 0:08:10.000,0:08:12.000 And my daughter, she was born in Chile, 0:08:12.000,0:08:14.000 and the grand-daughter was born in Singapore, 0:08:14.000,0:08:16.000 now the healthiest country on this Earth. 0:08:16.000,0:08:18.000 It bypassed Sweden about two to three years ago, 0:08:18.000,0:08:20.000 with better child survival. 0:08:20.000,0:08:21.000 But they're very small, you know? 0:08:21.000,0:08:23.000 They're so close to the hospital we can never 0:08:23.000,0:08:24.000 beat them out in these forests. 0:08:24.000,0:08:27.000 (Laughter) 0:08:27.000,0:08:28.000 But homage to Singapore. 0:08:28.000,0:08:30.000 Singapore is the best one. 0:08:30.000,0:08:34.000 Now this looks also like a very good story. 0:08:34.000,0:08:38.000 But it's not really that easy, that it's all a good story. 0:08:38.000,0:08:41.000 Because I have to show you one of the other facilities. 0:08:41.000,0:08:46.000 We can also make the color here represent the variable -- 0:08:46.000,0:08:47.000 and what am I choosing here? 0:08:47.000,0:08:51.000 Carbon-dioxide emission, metric ton per capita. 0:08:52.000,0:08:57.000 This is 1962, and United States was emitting 16 tons per person. 0:08:57.000,0:08:59.000 And China was emitting 0.6, 0:08:59.000,0:09:03.000 and India was emitting 0.32 tons per capita. 0:09:03.000,0:09:06.000 And what happens when we moved on? 0:09:06.000,0:09:08.000 Well, you see the nice story of getting richer 0:09:08.000,0:09:09.000 and getting healthier -- 0:09:09.000,0:09:14.000 everyone did it at the cost of emission of carbon dioxide. 0:09:14.000,0:09:17.000 There is no one who has done it so far. 0:09:17.000,0:09:20.000 And we don't have all the updated data 0:09:20.000,0:09:23.000 any longer, because this is really hot data today. 0:09:23.000,0:09:25.000 And there we are, 2001. 0:09:26.000,0:09:30.000 And in the discussion I attended with global leaders, you know, 0:09:30.000,0:09:34.000 many say now the problem is that the emerging economies, 0:09:34.000,0:09:37.000 they are getting out too much carbon dioxide. 0:09:37.000,0:09:39.000 The Minister of the Environment of India said, 0:09:39.000,0:09:42.000 "Well, you were the one who caused the problem." 0:09:42.000,0:09:45.000 The OECD countries -- the high-income countries -- 0:09:45.000,0:09:47.000 they were the ones who caused the climate change. 0:09:48.000,0:09:50.000 "But we forgive you, because you didn't know it. 0:09:50.000,0:09:53.000 But from now on, we count per capita. 0:09:53.000,0:09:55.000 From now on we count per capita. 0:09:55.000,0:09:58.000 And everyone is responsible for the per capita emission." 0:09:58.000,0:10:01.000 This really shows you, we have not seen good economic 0:10:01.000,0:10:03.000 and health progress anywhere in the world 0:10:03.000,0:10:07.000 without destroying the climate. 0:10:08.000,0:10:10.000 And this is really what has to be changed. 0:10:11.000,0:10:14.000 I've been criticized for showing you a too positive image of the world, 0:10:14.000,0:10:16.000 but I don't think it's like this. 0:10:16.000,0:10:18.000 The world is quite a messy place. 0:10:18.000,0:10:20.000 This we can call Dollar Street. 0:10:20.000,0:10:22.000 Everyone lives on this street here. 0:10:22.000,0:10:25.000 What they earn here -- what number they live on -- 0:10:25.000,0:10:26.000 is how much they earn per day. 0:10:26.000,0:10:29.000 This family earns about one dollar per day. 0:10:30.000,0:10:31.000 We drive up the street here, 0:10:31.000,0:10:35.000 we find a family here which earns about two to three dollars a day. 0:10:35.000,0:10:38.000 And we drive away here -- we find the first garden in the street, 0:10:38.000,0:10:40.000 and they earn 10 to 50 dollars a day. 0:10:40.000,0:10:42.000 And how do they live? 0:10:42.000,0:10:45.000 If we look at the bed here, we can see 0:10:45.000,0:10:48.000 that they sleep on a rug on the floor. 0:10:48.000,0:10:50.000 This is what poverty line is -- 0:10:50.000,0:10:53.000 80 percent of the family income is just to cover the energy needs, 0:10:53.000,0:10:55.000 the food for the day. 0:10:55.000,0:10:58.000 This is two to five dollars. You have a bed. 0:10:58.000,0:11:00.000 And here it's a much nicer bedroom, you can see. 0:11:01.000,0:11:03.000 I lectured on this for Ikea, and they wanted to see 0:11:03.000,0:11:05.000 the sofa immediately here. 0:11:05.000,0:11:07.000 (Laughter) 0:11:07.000,0:11:11.000 And this is the sofa, how it will emerge from there. 0:11:11.000,0:11:14.000 And the interesting thing, when you go around here in the photo panorama, 0:11:14.000,0:11:16.000 you see the family still sitting on the floor there. 0:11:16.000,0:11:18.000 Although there is a sofa, 0:11:18.000,0:11:20.000 if you watch in the kitchen, you can see that 0:11:20.000,0:11:25.000 the great difference for women does not come between one to 10 dollars. 0:11:25.000,0:11:27.000 It comes beyond here, when you really can get 0:11:27.000,0:11:30.000 good working conditions in the family. 0:11:30.000,0:11:32.000 And if you really want to see the difference, 0:11:32.000,0:11:34.000 you look at the toilet over here. 0:11:34.000,0:11:36.000 This can change. This can change. 0:11:36.000,0:11:39.000 These are all pictures and images from Africa, 0:11:39.000,0:11:41.000 and it can become much better. 0:11:42.000,0:11:44.000 We can get out of poverty. 0:11:44.000,0:11:47.000 My own research has not been in IT or anything like this. 0:11:47.000,0:11:50.000 I spent 20 years in interviews with African farmers 0:11:50.000,0:11:53.000 who were on the verge of famine. 0:11:53.000,0:11:55.000 And this is the result of the farmers-needs research. 0:11:55.000,0:11:57.000 The nice thing here is that you can't see 0:11:57.000,0:11:59.000 who are the researchers in this picture. 0:11:59.000,0:12:02.000 That's when research functions in poor societies -- 0:12:02.000,0:12:04.000 you must really live with the people. 0:12:06.000,0:12:10.000 When you're in poverty, everything is about survival. 0:12:10.000,0:12:12.000 It's about having food. 0:12:12.000,0:12:14.000 And these two young farmers, they are girls now -- 0:12:14.000,0:12:18.000 because the parents are dead from HIV and AIDS -- 0:12:18.000,0:12:20.000 they discuss with a trained agronomist. 0:12:20.000,0:12:24.000 This is one of the best agronomists in Malawi, Junatambe Kumbira, 0:12:24.000,0:12:26.000 and he's discussing what sort of cassava they will plant -- 0:12:26.000,0:12:30.000 the best converter of sunshine to food that man has found. 0:12:30.000,0:12:33.000 And they are very, very eagerly interested to get advice, 0:12:33.000,0:12:36.000 and that's to survive in poverty. 0:12:36.000,0:12:37.000 That's one context. 0:12:37.000,0:12:39.000 Getting out of poverty. 0:12:39.000,0:12:42.000 The women told us one thing. "Get us technology. 0:12:42.000,0:12:45.000 We hate this mortar, to stand hours and hours. 0:12:45.000,0:12:48.000 Get us a mill so that we can mill our flour, 0:12:48.000,0:12:51.000 then we will be able to pay for the rest ourselves." 0:12:51.000,0:12:54.000 Technology will bring you out of poverty, 0:12:54.000,0:12:58.000 but there's a need for a market to get away from poverty. 0:12:58.000,0:13:01.000 And this woman is very happy now, bringing her products to the market. 0:13:01.000,0:13:03.000 But she's very thankful for the public investment in schooling 0:13:03.000,0:13:06.000 so she can count, and won't be cheated when she reaches the market. 0:13:06.000,0:13:09.000 She wants her kid to be healthy, so she can go to the market 0:13:09.000,0:13:11.000 and doesn't have to stay home. 0:13:11.000,0:13:14.000 And she wants the infrastructure -- it is nice with a paved road. 0:13:14.000,0:13:16.000 It's also good with credit. 0:13:16.000,0:13:19.000 Micro-credits gave her the bicycle, you know. 0:13:19.000,0:13:22.000 And information will tell her when to go to market with which product. 0:13:22.000,0:13:24.000 You can do this. 0:13:24.000,0:13:27.000 I find my experience from 20 years of Africa is that 0:13:27.000,0:13:30.000 the seemingly impossible is possible. 0:13:30.000,0:13:32.000 Africa has not done bad. 0:13:32.000,0:13:35.000 In 50 years they've gone from a pre-Medieval situation 0:13:35.000,0:13:38.000 to a very decent 100-year-ago Europe, 0:13:38.000,0:13:41.000 with a functioning nation and state. 0:13:41.000,0:13:44.000 I would say that sub-Saharan Africa has done best in the world 0:13:44.000,0:13:45.000 during the last 50 years. 0:13:45.000,0:13:47.000 Because we don't consider where they came from. 0:13:47.000,0:13:50.000 It's this stupid concept of developing countries 0:13:50.000,0:13:53.000 that puts us, Argentina and Mozambique together 50 years ago, 0:13:53.000,0:13:55.000 and says that Mozambique did worse. 0:13:56.000,0:13:58.000 We have to know a little more about the world. 0:13:58.000,0:14:01.000 I have a neighbor who knows 200 types of wine. 0:14:01.000,0:14:02.000 He knows everything. 0:14:02.000,0:14:04.000 He knows the name of the grape, the temperature and everything. 0:14:04.000,0:14:07.000 I only know two types of wine -- red and white. 0:14:07.000,0:14:09.000 (Laughter) 0:14:09.000,0:14:11.000 But my neighbor only knows two types of countries -- 0:14:11.000,0:14:13.000 industrialized and developing. 0:14:13.000,0:14:16.000 And I know 200, I know about the small data. 0:14:16.000,0:14:17.000 But you can do that. 0:14:17.000,0:14:22.000 (Applause) 0:14:22.000,0:14:24.000 But I have to get serious. And how do you get serious? 0:14:24.000,0:14:26.000 You make a PowerPoint, you know? 0:14:26.000,0:14:31.000 (Laughter) 0:14:31.000,0:14:33.000 Homage to the Office package, no? 0:14:35.000,0:14:37.000 What is this, what is this, what am I telling? 0:14:37.000,0:14:40.000 I'm telling you that there are many dimensions of development. 0:14:40.000,0:14:42.000 Everyone wants your pet thing. 0:14:42.000,0:14:45.000 If you are in the corporate sector, you love micro-credit. 0:14:45.000,0:14:47.000 If you are fighting in a non-governmental organization, 0:14:47.000,0:14:50.000 you love equity between gender. 0:14:50.000,0:14:52.000 Or if you are a teacher, you'll love UNESCO, and so on. 0:14:52.000,0:14:54.000 On the global level, we have to have more than our own thing. 0:14:54.000,0:14:56.000 We need everything. 0:14:56.000,0:14:58.000 All these things are important for development, 0:14:58.000,0:15:00.000 especially when you just get out of poverty 0:15:00.000,0:15:03.000 and you should go towards welfare. 0:15:03.000,0:15:05.000 Now, what we need to think about 0:15:05.000,0:15:08.000 is, what is a goal for development, 0:15:08.000,0:15:09.000 and what are the means for development? 0:15:09.000,0:15:12.000 Let me first grade what are the most important means. 0:15:13.000,0:15:15.000 Economic growth to me, as a public-health professor, 0:15:15.000,0:15:19.000 is the most important thing for development 0:15:19.000,0:15:21.000 because it explains 80 percent of survival. 0:15:22.000,0:15:25.000 Governance. To have a government which functions -- 0:15:25.000,0:15:29.000 that's what brought California out of the misery of 1850. 0:15:29.000,0:15:32.000 It was the government that made law function finally. 0:15:33.000,0:15:35.000 Education, human resources are important. 0:15:35.000,0:15:39.000 Health is also important, but not that much as a mean. 0:15:39.000,0:15:41.000 Environment is important. 0:15:41.000,0:15:43.000 Human rights is also important, but it just gets one cross. 0:15:43.000,0:15:46.000 Now what about goals? Where are we going toward? 0:15:46.000,0:15:48.000 We are not interested in money. 0:15:48.000,0:15:49.000 Money is not a goal. 0:15:49.000,0:15:52.000 It's the best mean, but I give it zero as a goal. 0:15:53.000,0:15:56.000 Governance, well it's fun to vote in a little thing, 0:15:56.000,0:15:58.000 but it's not a goal. 0:15:58.000,0:16:02.000 And going to school, that's not a goal, it's a mean. 0:16:02.000,0:16:04.000 Health I give two points. I mean it's nice to be healthy 0:16:04.000,0:16:06.000 -- at my age especially -- you can stand here, you're healthy. 0:16:06.000,0:16:08.000 And that's good, it gets two plusses. 0:16:08.000,0:16:10.000 Environment is very, very crucial. 0:16:10.000,0:16:12.000 There's nothing for the grandkid if you don't save up. 0:16:12.000,0:16:14.000 But where are the important goals? 0:16:14.000,0:16:16.000 Of course, it's human rights. 0:16:16.000,0:16:18.000 Human rights is the goal, 0:16:18.000,0:16:21.000 but it's not that strong of a mean for achieving development. 0:16:22.000,0:16:26.000 And culture. Culture is the most important thing, I would say, 0:16:26.000,0:16:28.000 because that's what brings joy to life. 0:16:28.000,0:16:30.000 That's the value of living. 0:16:30.000,0:16:33.000 So the seemingly impossible is possible. 0:16:33.000,0:16:35.000 Even African countries can achieve this. 0:16:36.000,0:16:42.000 And I've shown you the shot where the seemingly impossible is possible. 0:16:42.000,0:16:46.000 And remember, please remember my main message, 0:16:46.000,0:16:49.000 which is this: the seemingly impossible is possible. 0:16:49.000,0:16:51.000 We can have a good world. 0:16:51.000,0:16:54.000 I showed you the shots, I proved it in the PowerPoint, 0:16:54.000,0:17:00.000 and I think I will convince you also by culture. 0:17:00.000,0:17:04.000 (Laughter) 0:17:04.000,0:17:05.000 (Applause) 0:17:05.000,0:17:07.000 Bring me my sword! 0:17:11.000,0:17:16.000 Sword swallowing is from ancient India. 0:17:16.000,0:17:21.000 It's a cultural expression that for thousands of years 0:17:21.000,0:17:27.000 has inspired human beings to think beyond the obvious. 0:17:27.000,0:17:29.000 (Laughter) 0:17:29.000,0:17:34.000 And I will now prove to you that the seemingly impossible is possible 0:17:34.000,0:17:37.000 by taking this piece of steel -- solid steel -- 0:17:38.000,0:17:41.000 this is the army bayonet from the Swedish Army, 1850, 0:17:41.000,0:17:43.000 in the last year we had war. 0:17:44.000,0:17:47.000 And it's all solid steel -- you can hear here. 0:17:47.000,0:17:53.000 And I'm going to take this blade of steel, 0:17:53.000,0:17:58.000 and push it down through my body of blood and flesh, 0:17:58.000,0:18:02.000 and prove to you that the seemingly impossible is possible. 0:18:03.000,0:18:07.000 Can I request a moment of absolute silence? 0:18:18.000,0:18:40.000 (Applause)