[Script Info]
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[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.61,0:00:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2003,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.00,0:00:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we sequenced the human genome,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.03,0:00:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we thought we would have the answer\Nto treat many diseases,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.13,0:00:14.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the reality is far from that,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.29,0:00:16.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because in addition to our genes,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.91,0:00:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our environment and lifestyle
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.62,0:00:21.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could have a significant role
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.36,0:00:23.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in developing many major diseases.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.08,0:00:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One example is fatty liver disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.68,0:00:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is affecting over 20 percent\Nof the population globally
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.29,0:00:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it has no treatment\Nand leads to liver cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.50,0:00:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or liver failure.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.81,0:00:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So sequencing DNA alone\Ndoesn't give us enough information
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.42,0:00:44.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find effective therapeutics.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.75,0:00:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the bright side, there are\Nmany other molecules in our body.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.56,0:00:52.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, there are\Nover 100,000 metabolites.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.24,0:00:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Metabolites are any molecule\Nthat is super-small in their size.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.10,0:01:02.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Known examples are glucose,\Nfructose, fats, cholesterol,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.19,0:01:04.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things we hear all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.46,0:01:07.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Metabolites are involved\Nin our metabolism.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.67,0:01:12.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are also downstream of DNA,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.31,0:01:15.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they carry information\Nfrom both our genes
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.35,0:01:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as lifestyle.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.52,0:01:23.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Understanding metabolites is essential\Nto find treatments for many diseases.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.15,0:01:26.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've always wanted to treat patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.05,0:01:30.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite that, 15 years ago\NI left medical school,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.03,0:01:33.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as I missed mathematics.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.23,0:01:36.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soon after, I found the coolest thing:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.37,0:01:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can use mathematics to study medicine.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.20,0:01:47.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since then, I've been developing\Nalgorithms to analyze biological data.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.36,0:01:49.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it sounded easy:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.71,0:01:53.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's collect data from\Nall the metabolites in our body,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.25,0:01:58.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,develop mathematical models to describe\Nhow they are changed in a disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.36,0:02:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and intervene those changes to treat them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.72,0:02:06.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then I realized why no one\Nhas done this before.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.91,0:02:10.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's extremely difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.35,0:02:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many metabolites in our body.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.78,0:02:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each one is different from the other one.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.06,0:02:19.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For some metabolites,\Nwe can measure their molecular mass
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.31,0:02:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using mass spectrometry instruments,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.03,0:02:26.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but because there could be, like,\N10 molecules with the exact same mass,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.34,0:02:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don't know exactly what they are,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.14,0:02:30.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you want to clearly\Nidentify all of them,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.99,0:02:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to do more experiments,\Nwhich could take decades
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.10,0:02:35.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and billions of dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.59,0:02:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we developed\Nan artificial intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.29,0:02:42.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or AI, platform to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.07,0:02:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We leveraged the growth of biological data
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.16,0:02:49.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and built a database of any existing\Ninformation about metabolites
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.35,0:02:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their interactions\Nwith other molecules.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.76,0:02:55.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We combined all this data\Nas a mega-network.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.81,0:02:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then, from tissues or blood of patients,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.02,0:03:01.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we measured masses of metabolites
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.90,0:03:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and find the masses\Nthat are changed in a disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.56,0:03:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, as I mentioned earlier,\Nwe don't know exactly what they are.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.76,0:03:13.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like a molecular mass of 180 could be\Nthe glucose, galactose, or fructose.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.75,0:03:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They all have the exact same mass,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.80,0:03:18.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but different functions in our body.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.01,0:03:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our AI algorithm considered\Nall these ambiguities.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.54,0:03:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It then mined that mega-network
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.28,0:03:28.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find how those metabolic masses\Nare connected to each other
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.72,0:03:30.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that result in disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.64,0:03:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and because of the way they are connected,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.10,0:03:37.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we are able to infer\Nwhat each metabolite mass is,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.05,0:03:39.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like that 180 could be glucose here,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.93,0:03:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more importantly to discover\Nhow changes in glucose
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.34,0:03:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other metabolites
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.04,0:03:47.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lead to a disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.76,0:03:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This novel understanding\Nof disease mechanisms
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.27,0:03:55.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then enable us to discover\Neffective therapeutics to target that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.76,0:03:59.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we formed a startup company\Nto bring this technology to the market
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.54,0:04:01.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and impacts people's lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.94,0:04:05.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, my team and I at ReviveMed\Nare working to discover
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.47,0:04:10.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,therapeutics for major diseases\Nthat metabolites are key drivers for,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.85,0:04:12.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like fatty liver disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.48,0:04:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it is caused\Nby accumulation of fats,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.82,0:04:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are types of metabolites,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.46,0:04:18.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the liver,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.40,0:04:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as I mentioned earlier\Nis a huge epidemic with no treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.97,0:04:24.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And fatty liver disease\Nis just one example.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.76,0:04:28.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moving forward, we are going to tackle\Nhundreds of other diseases
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.97,0:04:30.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with no treatment,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.43,0:04:35.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by collecting more and more\Ndata about metabolites
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.01,0:04:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and understanding\Nhow changes in metabolites
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.60,0:04:41.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leads to developing diseases,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.13,0:04:44.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our algorithms will get\Nsmarter and smarter
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.45,0:04:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to discover the right therapeutics\Nfor the right patients,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.82,0:04:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we will get closer to reach our vision
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.72,0:04:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of saving lives with every line of code.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.38,0:04:57.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.75,0:05:01.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)