0:00:00.000,0:00:01.866
Now, I'm an ethnobotanist.

0:00:01.866,0:00:04.121
That's a scientist who [br]works in the rain forest

0:00:04.121,0:00:07.552
to document how people use local plants.

0:00:07.552,0:00:10.608
I've been doing this for a long time,

0:00:10.608,0:00:12.377
and I want to tell you,

0:00:12.377,0:00:15.344
these people know these forests[br]and these medicinal treasures

0:00:15.344,0:00:18.493
better than we do and[br]better than we ever will.

0:00:18.493,0:00:20.801
But also, these cultures,

0:00:20.801,0:00:22.345
these indigenous cultures,

0:00:22.345,0:00:27.024
are disappearing much faster[br]than the forests themselves.

0:00:27.024,0:00:29.974
And the greatest and[br]most endangered species

0:00:29.974,0:00:31.778
in the Amazon rain forest

0:00:31.778,0:00:33.618
is not the jaguar,

0:00:33.618,0:00:35.343
it's not the harpy eagle,

0:00:35.343,0:00:39.164
it's the isolated and uncontacted tribes.

0:00:39.164,0:00:42.923
Now four years, I injured my [br]foot in a climbing accident

0:00:42.923,0:00:44.517
and I went to the doctor.

0:00:44.517,0:00:45.991
She gave me heat,

0:00:45.991,0:00:48.445
she gave me cold, Aspirin,

0:00:48.445,0:00:52.335
narcotic painkillers, anti-inflammatories,

0:00:52.335,0:00:54.192
cortisone shots.

0:00:54.192,0:00:56.209
It didn't work.

0:00:56.209,0:00:57.696
Several months later,

0:00:57.696,0:00:59.613
I was in the northeast Amazon,

0:00:59.613,0:01:01.606
walked into a village,

0:01:01.606,0:01:04.323
and the shaman said, "You're limping."

0:01:04.323,0:01:06.632
And I'll never forget[br]this as long as I live.

0:01:06.632,0:01:08.466
He looked me in the face and he said,

0:01:08.466,0:01:12.912
"Take off your shoe and give [br]me your machete."

0:01:12.912,0:01:15.187
(Laughter)

0:01:15.187,0:01:16.871
He walked over to a palm tree

0:01:16.871,0:01:18.437
and carved off a fern,

0:01:18.437,0:01:19.579
threw it in the fire,

0:01:19.579,0:01:21.121
applied it to my foot,

0:01:21.121,0:01:23.160
threw it in a pond of water,

0:01:23.160,0:01:25.166
and had me drink the tea.

0:01:25.166,0:01:28.518
The pain disappeared for seven months.

0:01:28.518,0:01:30.654
When it came back, I went[br]to see the shaman again.

0:01:30.654,0:01:32.399
He gave me the same treatment,

0:01:32.399,0:01:36.499
and I've been cured for three years now.

0:01:36.499,0:01:39.151
Who would you rather be treated by?

0:01:39.151,0:01:41.957
(Applause)

0:01:41.957,0:01:43.785
Now make no mistake, Western medicine

0:01:43.785,0:01:45.735
is the most successful system of healing

0:01:45.735,0:01:47.235
ever devised,

0:01:47.235,0:01:49.760
but there's plenty of holes in it.

0:01:49.760,0:01:51.508
Where's the cure for breast cancer?

0:01:51.508,0:01:53.378
Where's the cure for schizophrenia?

0:01:53.378,0:01:55.772
Where's the cure for acid reflux?

0:01:55.772,0:01:57.969
Where's the cure for insomnia?

0:01:57.969,0:01:59.888
The fact is that these people

0:01:59.888,0:02:01.924
can sometimes, sometimes, sometimes

0:02:01.924,0:02:03.940
cure things we cannot.

0:02:03.940,0:02:06.002
Here you see a medicine man[br]in the northeast Amazon

0:02:06.002,0:02:07.532
treating Leishmaniasis,

0:02:07.532,0:02:09.863
a really nasty protozoal disease

0:02:09.863,0:02:13.264
that afflicts 12 million[br]people around the world.

0:02:13.264,0:02:15.927
Western treatment are[br]injections of antimony.

0:02:15.927,0:02:18.608
They're painful, they're expensive,

0:02:18.608,0:02:20.349
and they're probably[br]not good for your heart.

0:02:20.349,0:02:21.899
It's a heavy metal.

0:02:21.899,0:02:23.257
This man cures it with

0:02:23.257,0:02:25.813
three plants from the Amazon rain forest.

0:02:25.813,0:02:28.102
This is the magic frog.

0:02:28.102,0:02:30.828
My colleague, the late[br]great Loren McIntyre,

0:02:30.828,0:02:32.877
discoverer of the source lake of Amazon,

0:02:32.877,0:02:34.927
Laguna McIntyre in the Peruvian Andes,

0:02:34.927,0:02:37.041
was lost on the Peru-Brazil border

0:02:37.041,0:02:38.639
about 30 years ago.

0:02:38.639,0:02:40.463
He was rescued by a group of isolated

0:02:40.463,0:02:43.216
Indians called the Matses.

0:02:43.216,0:02:44.705
They beckoned for him to follow them

0:02:44.705,0:02:46.504
into the forest, which he did.

0:02:46.504,0:02:48.959
There, they took out palm leaf baskets.

0:02:48.959,0:02:51.581
There, they took out these[br]green monkey frogs

0:02:51.581,0:02:53.819
— These are big suckers,[br]they're like this —

0:02:53.819,0:02:56.202
and they began licking them.

0:02:56.202,0:02:59.120
It turns out, they're[br]highly hallucinogenic.

0:02:59.120,0:03:00.822
McIntyre wrote about this, and it was read

0:03:00.822,0:03:04.112
by the editor of High Times Magazine.

0:03:04.112,0:03:06.243
You see, the ethnobotanists have friends

0:03:06.243,0:03:08.280
in all sorts of strange cultures.

0:03:08.280,0:03:09.893
This guy decided he would go down

0:03:09.893,0:03:11.616
to the Amazon and give it a whirl,

0:03:11.616,0:03:14.950
or give it a lick, and he did,

0:03:14.950,0:03:16.138
and he wrote,

0:03:16.138,0:03:18.005
"My blood pressure went through the roof,

0:03:18.005,0:03:20.415
I lost full control of[br]my bodily functions,

0:03:20.415,0:03:22.165
I passed out in a heap,

0:03:22.165,0:03:24.381
I woke up in a hammock six hours later,

0:03:24.381,0:03:26.655
felt like God for two days."

0:03:26.655,0:03:28.376
(Laughter)

0:03:28.604,0:03:29.987
An Italian chemist read this and said,

0:03:29.987,0:03:31.863
"I'm not really interested[br]in the theological aspects

0:03:31.863,0:03:33.571
of the green monkey frog.

0:03:33.571,0:03:36.288
What's this about the[br]change in blood presure?

0:03:36.288,0:03:38.572
Now, this is an Italian chemist

0:03:38.572,0:03:40.867
who's working on a new treatment[br]for high blood pressure

0:03:40.867,0:03:42.667
based on peptides in the skin

0:03:42.667,0:03:44.293
of the green monkey frog,

0:03:44.293,0:03:46.319
and other scientists are looking

0:03:46.319,0:03:50.490
at a cure for drug-resistant staph aureus.

0:03:50.490,0:03:53.022
How ironic, if these isolated Indians

0:03:53.022,0:03:54.543
and their magic frog

0:03:54.543,0:03:56.594
prove to be one of the cures.

0:03:56.594,0:03:58.227
Here's an Ayahuasca shaman

0:03:58.227,0:04:00.000
in the northwest Amazon, in[br]the middle of a yage ceremony.

0:04:00.000,0:04:02.594
I took him to Los Angeles

0:04:02.594,0:04:04.260
to meet a foundation officer

0:04:04.260,0:04:05.662
looking for support

0:04:05.662,0:04:07.796
for moneys to protect their culture.

0:04:07.796,0:04:10.230
This fellow looked at the[br]medicine man, and he said,

0:04:10.230,0:04:13.337
"You didn't go to medical school, did you"

0:04:13.337,0:04:15.037
The shaman said, "No, I did not."

0:04:15.037,0:04:17.898
He said, "Well, then what can[br]you know about healing?"

0:04:17.898,0:04:19.432
The shaman looked at him and he said,

0:04:19.432,0:04:21.592
"You know what? If you have an infection,

0:04:21.592,0:04:23.218
go to a doctor,"

0:04:23.218,0:04:24.919
but he said, "but many human afflictions

0:04:24.919,0:04:27.293
are disease of the heart,

0:04:27.293,0:04:30.049
the mind, and the spirit.

0:04:30.049,0:04:31.961
Western medicine can't touch those.

0:04:31.961,0:04:34.417
I cure them."

0:04:34.417,0:04:38.550
(Applause)

0:04:38.550,0:04:40.278
But all is not rosy in learning

0:04:40.278,0:04:42.246
from nature about new medicines.

0:04:42.246,0:04:44.345
This is a viper from Brazil,

0:04:44.345,0:04:47.823
the venom of which was studied at[br]the Universidade de São Paulo here.

0:04:47.823,0:04:49.212
It was later developed

0:04:49.212,0:04:51.144
into ace inhibitors.

0:04:51.144,0:04:53.600
This is a frontline treatment[br]for hypertension.

0:04:53.600,0:04:56.274
Hypertension kills over 10 percent

0:04:56.274,0:04:58.458
of all deaths on the planet everyday.

0:04:58.458,0:05:00.542
This is a four billion dollar industry

0:05:00.542,0:05:02.734
based on venom from a Brazilian snake,

0:05:02.734,0:05:06.068
and the Brazilians did not get a nickel.

0:05:06.068,0:05:08.716
This is not an acceptable way

0:05:08.716,0:05:11.499
of doing business.

0:05:11.499,0:05:13.170
The rain forest has been called

0:05:13.170,0:05:14.908
the greatest expression of life on Earth.

0:05:14.908,0:05:16.206
There's a saying in Suriname

0:05:16.206,0:05:17.760
that I dearly love:

0:05:17.760,0:05:19.498
"The rain forests hold answers

0:05:19.498,0:05:23.265
to questions we have yet to ask."

0:05:23.265,0:05:25.822
But as you all know,[br]it's rapidly disappearing,

0:05:25.822,0:05:28.168
here in Brazil, in the Amazon,

0:05:28.168,0:05:29.485
around the world.

0:05:29.485,0:05:31.505
I took this picture from a small plane

0:05:31.505,0:05:34.353
flying over the eastern border[br]of the Xingu indigenous reserve

0:05:34.353,0:05:37.732
in the state of Mato Grosso[br]to the northwest of here.

0:05:37.732,0:05:39.335
The top half of the picture,

0:05:39.335,0:05:41.037
you see where the Indians live.

0:05:41.037,0:05:42.414
The line through the middle

0:05:42.414,0:05:44.761
is the eastern border of the reserve.

0:05:44.761,0:05:48.659
Top half Indians, bottom half white guys.

0:05:48.659,0:05:50.411
Top half wonder drugs,

0:05:50.411,0:05:53.996
bottom half just a bunch[br]of skinny-ass cows.

0:05:53.996,0:05:56.079
Top half carbon sequestered

0:05:56.079,0:05:57.714
in the forest where it belongs,

0:05:57.714,0:06:00.143
bottom half carbon in the atmosphere

0:06:00.143,0:06:02.766
where it's driving climate change.

0:06:02.766,0:06:05.034
In fact, the number two cause

0:06:05.034,0:06:07.573
of carbon being released[br]into the atmosphere

0:06:07.573,0:06:11.041
is forest destruction.

0:06:11.041,0:06:12.647
But in talking about destruction,

0:06:12.647,0:06:14.461
it's important to keep in mind

0:06:14.461,0:06:16.374
that the Amazon is the mightiest

0:06:16.374,0:06:18.158
landscape of all.

0:06:18.158,0:06:20.626
It's a place of beauty and wonder.

0:06:20.626,0:06:23.117
The biggest anteater in the world

0:06:23.117,0:06:25.065
lives in the rain forest,

0:06:25.065,0:06:27.738
tips the scale at 90 pounds.

0:06:27.738,0:06:29.909
The goliath bird-eating spider

0:06:29.909,0:06:31.747
is the world's largest spider.

0:06:31.747,0:06:34.418
It's found in the Amazon as well.

0:06:34.418,0:06:36.486
The harpy eagle wingspan

0:06:36.486,0:06:38.001
is over seven feet.

0:06:38.001,0:06:40.453
And the black cayman.

0:06:40.453,0:06:42.219
These monsters can tip the scale

0:06:42.219,0:06:43.928
at over half a ton.

0:06:43.928,0:06:46.858
They're known to be man-eaters.

0:06:46.858,0:06:49.648
The anaconda, the largest snake,

0:06:49.648,0:06:52.725
the capybara, the largest rodent.

0:06:52.725,0:06:54.037
A specimen from here in Brazil

0:06:54.037,0:06:57.733
tipped the scale at 201 pounds.

0:06:57.733,0:07:00.318
Let's visit where these creatures live,

0:07:00.318,0:07:01.864
the northeast Amazon,

0:07:01.864,0:07:03.563
home to the Akuriyo tribe.

0:07:03.563,0:07:05.336
Uncontacted peoples

0:07:05.336,0:07:09.531
hold a mystical and iconic role

0:07:09.531,0:07:11.211
in our imagination.

0:07:11.211,0:07:13.548
These are the people who know nature best.

0:07:13.548,0:07:15.159
These are the people who truly live

0:07:15.159,0:07:18.687
in total harmony with nature.

0:07:18.687,0:07:21.481
By our standards, some would[br]dismiss these people as primitive.

0:07:21.481,0:07:22.742
They don't know how to make fire,

0:07:22.742,0:07:25.244
or they didn't when they[br]were first contacted,

0:07:25.244,0:07:26.978
but they know the forest

0:07:26.978,0:07:28.773
far better than we do.

0:07:28.773,0:07:31.752
The Akuriyos have 35 words for honey,

0:07:31.752,0:07:33.502
and other Indians look up to them

0:07:33.502,0:07:35.357
as being the true masters

0:07:35.357,0:07:37.923
of the emerald realm.

0:07:37.923,0:07:40.162
Here you see the face of my friend Ponay.

0:07:40.162,0:07:41.815
When I was a teenager rocking out

0:07:41.815,0:07:44.709
to the Rolling Stones in my[br]hometown of New Orleans,

0:07:44.709,0:07:46.794
Ponay was a forest normad

0:07:46.794,0:07:49.291
roaming the jungles of[br]the northeast Amazon

0:07:49.291,0:07:50.911
in a small band,

0:07:50.911,0:07:52.531
looking for game,

0:07:52.531,0:07:54.626
looking for medicinal plants,

0:07:54.626,0:07:56.023
looking for a wife

0:07:56.023,0:07:58.301
in other small nomadic bands.

0:07:58.301,0:08:00.779
But it's people like these

0:08:00.779,0:08:02.712
that know things that we don't,

0:08:02.712,0:08:04.912
and they have lots of lessons

0:08:04.912,0:08:06.819
to teach us.

0:08:06.819,0:08:08.340
However, if you go into most

0:08:08.340,0:08:10.222
of the forests of the Amazon,

0:08:10.222,0:08:12.037
there are no indigenous peoples.

0:08:12.037,0:08:13.971
This is what you find:

0:08:13.971,0:08:17.120
rock carvings which indigenous peoples,

0:08:17.120,0:08:19.640
uncontacted peoples, used to sharpen

0:08:19.640,0:08:21.985
the edge of the stone axe.

0:08:21.985,0:08:23.622
These cultures that once danced,

0:08:23.622,0:08:26.203
made love, sang to the gods,

0:08:26.203,0:08:27.786
worshipped the forest,

0:08:27.786,0:08:29.964
all that's left is an imprint in stone,

0:08:29.964,0:08:31.744
as you see here.

0:08:31.744,0:08:34.004
Let's move to the western Amazon,

0:08:34.004,0:08:37.411
which is really the epicenter[br]of isolated peoples.

0:08:37.411,0:08:39.129
Each of these dots represents

0:08:39.129,0:08:41.422
a small, uncontacted tribe,

0:08:41.422,0:08:42.990
and the big reveal today is

0:08:42.990,0:08:46.381
we believe there are 14 or 15 isolated groups

0:08:46.381,0:08:50.262
in the Columbian Amazon alone.

0:08:50.262,0:08:52.004
Why are these people isolated?

0:08:52.004,0:08:54.421
They know we exist, they[br]know there's an outside world.

0:08:54.421,0:08:56.731
This is a form of resistance.

0:08:56.731,0:08:58.866
They have chosen to remain isolated,

0:08:58.866,0:09:02.439
and I think it is their[br]human right to remain so.

0:09:02.439,0:09:04.992
Why are these the tribes[br]that hide from man?

0:09:04.992,0:09:06.997
Here's why. Obviously some of this

0:09:06.997,0:09:09.225
was set off in 1492,

0:09:09.225,0:09:11.247
but at the turn of the last century

0:09:11.247,0:09:13.282
was the rubber trade.

0:09:13.282,0:09:14.722
The demand for natural rubber,

0:09:14.722,0:09:16.628
which came from the Amazon,

0:09:16.628,0:09:19.802
set off the botanical[br]equivalent of a gold rush.

0:09:19.802,0:09:21.678
Rubber for bicycle tires,

0:09:21.678,0:09:23.296
rubber for automobile tires,

0:09:23.296,0:09:25.047
rubber for zeppelins.

0:09:25.047,0:09:28.054
It was a mad race to get that rubber,

0:09:28.054,0:09:30.732
and the man on the left, Julio Arana,

0:09:30.732,0:09:33.799
is one of the true thugs of the story.

0:09:33.799,0:09:35.492
His people, his company,

0:09:35.492,0:09:37.594
and other companies like them

0:09:37.594,0:09:40.349
killed, massacred, tortured,

0:09:40.349,0:09:42.641
butchered Indians like the Witotos you see

0:09:42.641,0:09:45.836
on the right hand side of the slide.

0:09:45.836,0:09:48.081
Even today, when people[br]come out of the forest,

0:09:48.081,0:09:50.786
the story seldom has a happy ending.

0:09:50.786,0:09:53.906
These are Nukaks. They[br]were contacted in the '80s.

0:09:53.906,0:09:58.333
Within a year, everybody over 40 was dead.

0:09:58.333,0:10:00.095
And remember, these[br]are preliterate societies.

0:10:00.095,0:10:02.375
The elders are the libraries.

0:10:02.375,0:10:03.923
Every time a shaman dies,

0:10:03.923,0:10:07.042
it's as if a library has been burned down.

0:10:07.042,0:10:09.538
They have been forced off their lands.

0:10:09.538,0:10:11.841
The drug traffickers have taken over

0:10:11.841,0:10:13.756
the Nukak lands,

0:10:13.756,0:10:15.739
and the Nukaks live as beggars

0:10:15.739,0:10:19.791
in public parks in eastern Colombia.

0:10:19.791,0:10:21.361
From the Nukak lands, I want to take you

0:10:21.361,0:10:23.328
to the southwest, to the most spectacular

0:10:23.328,0:10:25.177
landscape in the world:

0:10:25.177,0:10:27.121
Chiribiquete National Park.

0:10:27.121,0:10:28.860
It was surrounded by three isolated tribes

0:10:28.860,0:10:30.291
and thanks to the Colombian government

0:10:30.291,0:10:31.646
and Colombian colleagues,

0:10:31.646,0:10:33.717
it has now expanded.

0:10:33.717,0:10:35.694
It's bigger than the state of Maryland.

0:10:35.694,0:10:39.655
It is a treasure trove[br]of botanical diversity.

0:10:39.655,0:10:42.090
It was first explored botanically in 1943

0:10:42.090,0:10:43.880
by my mentor, Richard Schultes,

0:10:43.880,0:10:46.870
seen here atop the Bell Mountain,

0:10:46.870,0:10:49.335
the sacred mountains of the Carajás?

0:10:49.335,0:10:52.066
And let me show you[br]what it looks like today.

0:10:52.066,0:10:53.725
Flying over Chiribiquete,

0:10:53.725,0:10:55.983
realize that these lost world[br]mountains are still lost.

0:10:55.983,0:10:58.358
No scientist has been atop them.

0:10:58.358,0:10:59.981
In fact, nobody has been[br]atop the Bell Mountain

0:10:59.981,0:11:02.340
since Schultes in '43,

0:11:02.340,0:11:03.952
and we'll end up here[br]with the Bell Mountain

0:11:03.952,0:11:07.070
just to the east of the picture.

0:11:07.070,0:11:10.050
Let me show you what it looks like today.

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Not only is this a treasure[br]trove of botanical diversity,

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not only is it home to[br]three isolated tribes,

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but it's the greatest treasure trove

0:11:17.503,0:11:20.828
of pre-Colombian art in the world:

0:11:20.828,0:11:23.897
over 200,000 paintings.

0:11:23.897,0:11:25.611
The Dutch scientist Thomas van der Hammen

0:11:25.611,0:11:29.157
described this as the Sistine Chapel

0:11:29.157,0:11:32.421
of the Amazon rain forest.

0:11:32.421,0:11:34.641
But move from Chiribiquete[br]down to the southeast,

0:11:34.641,0:11:36.082
again in the Colombian Amazon.

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Remember, the Colombian Amazon

0:11:37.554,0:11:39.312
is bigger than New England.

0:11:39.312,0:11:40.991
The Amazon's a big forest,

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and Brazil's got a big part of it,

0:11:42.212,0:11:43.698
but not all of it.

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Moving down to these two national parks,

0:11:45.286,0:11:47.435
Cahuinari and Puré

0:11:47.435,0:11:48.781
in the Colombian Amazon

0:11:48.781,0:11:51.819
— that's the Brazilian[br]border to the right —

0:11:51.819,0:11:53.843
it's home to several groups

0:11:53.843,0:11:56.207
of isolated and uncontacted peoples.

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To the trained eye, you[br]can look at the roofs

0:11:57.716,0:12:00.087
of these maloccas, these longhouses,

0:12:00.087,0:12:01.728
and see that there's cultural diversity.

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These are, in fact, different tribes.

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As isolated as these areas are,

0:12:06.340,0:12:08.743
let me show you how the outside world

0:12:08.743,0:12:10.595
is crowding in.

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Here we see trade and transport[br]increased in Putamayo.

0:12:13.316,0:12:16.096
With the diminishment of[br]the Civil War in Colombia,

0:12:16.096,0:12:19.148
the outside world is showing up.

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To the north, we have illegal gold mining,

0:12:21.120,0:12:22.812
also from the east, from Brazil.

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There's increased hunting and fishing

0:12:24.672,0:12:26.452
for commercial purposes.

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We see illegal logging[br]come in from the south,

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and drug runners are trying to move

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through the park and get into Brazil.

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This, in the past, is why you didn't mess

0:12:37.128,0:12:39.029
with isolated Indians,

0:12:39.029,0:12:40.613
and if it looks like this[br]picture is out of focus

0:12:40.613,0:12:43.899
because it was taken[br]in a hurry, here's why.

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(Laughter)

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This looks like — (Applause)

0:12:52.303,0:12:54.823
This looks like a hangar[br]from the Brazilian Amazon.

0:12:54.823,0:12:57.566
This is an art exhibit in Havana, Cuba.

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A group called Los Carpinteros.

0:12:59.413,0:13:01.039
This is their perception[br]of why you shouldn't

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mess with uncontacted Indians.

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But the world is changing.

0:13:05.761,0:13:08.759
These are Mascoteros[br]on the Brazil-Peru border

0:13:08.759,0:13:10.460
who stumbled out of the jungle

0:13:10.460,0:13:12.414
because they were essentially chased out

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by drug runners and timber people,

0:13:14.792,0:13:17.425
and in Peru, there's[br]a very nasty business.

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It's called human safaris.

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They will take you in

0:13:20.757,0:13:23.433
to isolated groups to take their picture.

0:13:23.433,0:13:24.813
Of course, when you give them clothes

0:13:24.813,0:13:25.831
then you give them tools,[br]you also give them diseases.

0:13:25.831,0:13:30.298
We call these "inhuman safaris."

0:13:30.298,0:13:32.166
These are Indians again on the Peru border

0:13:32.166,0:13:35.584
who were overflown by flights[br]sponsored by missionaries.

0:13:35.584,0:13:36.805
They want to get in there

0:13:36.805,0:13:38.544
and turn them into Christians.

0:13:38.544,0:13:40.840
We know how that turns out.

0:13:40.840,0:13:42.704
What's to be done?

0:13:42.704,0:13:45.080
Introduce technology[br]to the contacted tribes,

0:13:45.080,0:13:46.612
not the uncontacted tribes,

0:13:46.612,0:13:49.745
in a culturally sensitive way.

0:13:49.745,0:13:52.051
This is the perfect marriage

0:13:52.051,0:13:53.875
of ancient shamanic wisdom

0:13:53.875,0:13:56.717
and 21st century technology.

0:13:56.717,0:13:59.728
We've done this now with over 30 tribes,

0:13:59.728,0:14:02.652
mapped, managed, and increased protection

0:14:02.652,0:14:06.555
of over 70 million acres[br]of ancestral rain forest.

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(Applause)

0:14:11.828,0:14:15.050
So this allows the Indians to take control

0:14:15.050,0:14:18.907
of their environmental[br]and cultural destiny.

0:14:18.907,0:14:20.566
They also then set up guard houses

0:14:20.566,0:14:22.572
to keep outsiders out.

0:14:22.572,0:14:25.211
These are Indians, trained[br]as indigenous park rangers,

0:14:25.211,0:14:26.867
patrolling the borders

0:14:26.867,0:14:30.238
and keeping the outside world at bay.

0:14:30.238,0:14:33.247
This is a picture of actual contact.

0:14:33.247,0:14:34.614
These are Chitanawa Indians

0:14:34.614,0:14:36.617
on the Brazil-Peru border.

0:14:36.617,0:14:38.321
They've come out of the jungle

0:14:38.321,0:14:40.062
asking for help.

0:14:40.062,0:14:41.468
They were shot at,

0:14:41.468,0:14:44.205
their maloccas, their [br]longhouses, were burned.

0:14:44.205,0:14:46.708
Some of them were massacred.

0:14:46.708,0:14:49.794
Using automatic weapons

0:14:49.794,0:14:53.207
to slaughter uncontacted peoples

0:14:53.207,0:14:55.276
is the single most despicable

0:14:55.276,0:14:56.788
and disgusting human rights abuse

0:14:56.788,0:14:59.671
on our planet today, and it has to stop.

0:14:59.671,0:15:06.205
(Applause)

0:15:06.205,0:15:08.928
But let me conclude by saying,

0:15:08.928,0:15:11.792
this work can be spiritually rewarding,

0:15:11.792,0:15:15.076
but it's difficult and[br]it can be dangerous.

0:15:15.076,0:15:17.538
Two colleagues of mine[br]passed away recently

0:15:17.538,0:15:19.903
in the crash of a small plane.

0:15:19.903,0:15:21.681
They were serving the forest

0:15:21.681,0:15:24.429
to protect those uncontacted tribes.

0:15:24.429,0:15:26.366
So the question is, in conclusion,

0:15:26.366,0:15:28.191
is what the future holds.

0:15:28.191,0:15:30.408
These are Uray people in Brazil.

0:15:30.408,0:15:31.969
What does the future hold for them,

0:15:31.969,0:15:34.640
and what does the future hold for us?

0:15:34.640,0:15:37.121
Let's think differently.

0:15:37.121,0:15:38.918
Let's make a better world.

0:15:38.918,0:15:40.836
If the climate's going to change,

0:15:40.836,0:15:42.357
let's have a climate that changes for

0:15:42.357,0:15:44.919
the better rather than for the worse.

0:15:44.919,0:15:48.084
Let's live on a planet

0:15:48.084,0:15:50.904
full of luxuriant vegetation,

0:15:50.904,0:15:53.010
in which isolated peoples

0:15:53.010,0:15:54.869
can remain in isolation,

0:15:54.869,0:15:57.212
can maintain that mystery

0:15:57.212,0:15:58.838
and that knowledge

0:15:58.838,0:16:00.533
if they so choose.

0:16:00.533,0:16:02.128
Let's live in a world

0:16:02.128,0:16:04.497
where the shamans live in these forests

0:16:04.497,0:16:07.441
and heal themselves and us

0:16:07.441,0:16:10.178
with their mystical plants

0:16:10.178,0:16:12.235
and their sacred frogs.

0:16:12.235,0:16:14.082
Thanks again.

0:16:14.082,0:16:18.001
(Applause)