[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.66,0:00:11.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,>> Hi, welcome to the sigma path.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.32,0:00:12.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since the last episode,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.51,0:00:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I received a lot of messages from you guys about a type of episodes you like to see,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.68,0:00:19.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have a lot of exciting topics to cover in the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.68,0:00:20.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of equipment review,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.93,0:00:22.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of component review.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.25,0:00:26.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot hacking, and today's episode is also for you hackers out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.48,0:00:30.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'd like to see if you can combine this disposable camera,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.58,0:00:35.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this Nixie tube. Well, specifically the flash circuit inside disposable camera,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.76,0:00:38.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the process we're going to learn exactly how
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.39,0:00:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that flash circuit works at the schematic level,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.27,0:00:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also using some measurements.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.74,0:00:45.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are also going to take a little bit look at these Nixie tubes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.70,0:00:47.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's get started with this,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.42,0:00:49.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see what I'm talking about here.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.31,0:00:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can get these at pretty much any convenience store or any big supermarket.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.62,0:00:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is special about these thing is that,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.50,0:00:59.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this particular model has a built-in flash,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.72,0:01:01.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that's you're looking for.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.32,0:01:05.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're going some places that developed the film for these things, they may
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.54,0:01:09.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,give you a used band for free since really they just recycled them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.78,0:01:11.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They throw them away. So what we're going to do is,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.91,0:01:12.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're going to take this apart.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.99,0:01:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take the circuit that we want out of it, analyze the circuit,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.46,0:01:20.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at the same time see if we can use that circuit to somehow power the Nixie tube.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.39,0:01:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it will be an interesting combination.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.11,0:01:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Am not sure if anyone's ever done that before,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.93,0:01:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there's a lot of cool things that people have done
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.88,0:01:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using these disposable flash cameras because there's
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.36,0:01:31.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a high voltage DC-DC converter that is inside of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.87,0:01:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course a very big capacitor.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.65,0:01:35.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we're going to take one of these apart,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.30,0:01:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and let's take a look and see what's inside it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.46,0:01:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Will look at a circuit, and we'll go from there.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.10,0:01:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, here we have a disposable camera with a flash built-in.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.34,0:01:46.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before we take this apart I have to warn
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.37,0:01:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you that you should only do this at home if you have
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.20,0:01:49.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,experience with high voltage circuits
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.88,0:01:52.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because even if the camera hasn't been used for a while,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.69,0:01:56.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the capacitor inside may hold enough charge to give you a nasty shock.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.71,0:02:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So never do this unless you have experience with this type of circuits.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.38,0:02:04.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These type of cameras are all housed inside a paper containers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.43,0:02:06.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is done because they want to be able to
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.29,0:02:08.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take this apart very quickly, and take the film out.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.54,0:02:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I've already taken this apart so we can throw that away.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.04,0:02:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The top and the bottom are held together using these little plastic pins.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.44,0:02:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can put a screwdriver on and shift,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.23,0:02:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we can take that off.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.32,0:02:20.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I've done that also.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.90,0:02:23.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can take the top cover off,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.24,0:02:26.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can throw that away.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.33,0:02:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you look inside the camera,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.70,0:02:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can right away see this large double A battery.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.56,0:02:33.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Large with respect to the rest of the circuit,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.74,0:02:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you should always keep these even if you're not
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.16,0:02:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interested in the circuit itself because once the camera's used up,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.82,0:02:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you are about to throw it away or give it away.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.82,0:02:45.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These guys usually still have enough charge in them to be
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.50,0:02:48.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,useful for something else maybe a remote control for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.26,0:02:50.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So don't throw these away or if you do,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.13,0:02:51.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make sure you recycle them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.68,0:02:54.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's a double A battery that powers the flash.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.86,0:02:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's a flash circuit itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.60,0:03:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This entire PCB is only responsible for operating the fly circuit.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.78,0:03:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the top, you can see these little metallic pin.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.94,0:03:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This metallic piece here is actually the "On" and "Off" button of the flash.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.88,0:03:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a plastic button on the outside.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.04,0:03:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you press down, everything comes down and
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.44,0:03:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,connects the two paths that are right underneath it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.46,0:03:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that closes the circuit,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.12,0:03:20.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and turns the flash on.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.04,0:03:23.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the front side of the camera,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.24,0:03:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see that big capacitor I was telling you about.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.79,0:03:29.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This capacitor is what holds the charge for the flash.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.24,0:03:33.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is the flash unit, the flash tube itself at the top,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.14,0:03:35.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there is a little LED.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.31,0:03:38.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This one's actually equipped with a little LED that shows you,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.45,0:03:40.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tells you when the flash is charged,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.22,0:03:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ready to be fired.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.62,0:03:45.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Interestingly enough, I took apart another identical camera,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.62,0:03:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that one had a neon lamp inside.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.48,0:03:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we'll talk a little bit about that when we analyzing the circuit.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.12,0:03:54.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's try, and run this flash once,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.14,0:03:56.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and fire it, and see how it works.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.23,0:03:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, so we have to be very, very careful here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.48,0:04:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's the "On" and "Off" button,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.00,0:04:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's also two pieces of wire,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.36,0:04:03.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two piece of metal here,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.56,0:04:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these two pieces of metal are the mechanism that fires the flash itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.96,0:04:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you push the shutter button, a little lever comes down
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.49,0:04:16.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and briefly touches these two pins together,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.11,0:04:17.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think that's the lever right here.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.93,0:04:20.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This thing comes down right there,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.36,0:04:21.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and touches those two pins together.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.94,0:04:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When that happens, that's when the flash actually is fired.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.78,0:04:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we can charge it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.04,0:04:29.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then I will manually do that so we can see the flash go off once.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.76,0:04:32.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I will push this down and you will hear
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.15,0:04:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that characteristic noise that you hear when the flash is being charged,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.26,0:04:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we'll talk about why that is later on. So here we go.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.74,0:04:41.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I can hear it charging.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.72,0:04:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I can see that the LED is turned on meaning that flash is fully charged,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.20,0:04:47.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ready to be fire.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.57,0:04:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to let go of the button.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.86,0:04:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to connect those two wires that I told you together a very briefly,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.50,0:04:57.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can see the flash go off. There it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.79,0:05:00.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So even as the flash went off, the capacitor is not
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.95,0:05:04.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fully discharged, so there is enough charge in there to give you a shock.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.15,0:05:05.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to be very careful.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.65,0:05:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to discharge the capacitor first using a metallic piece.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.56,0:05:12.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take the battery out, and then take the flash circuit out.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.92,0:05:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let us take the battery out first.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.99,0:05:21.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Put that aside, and I can see the two terminals of the big capacitor at the top.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.36,0:05:23.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see them right there.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.60,0:05:25.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the first terminal, and that's the second one there.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.76,0:05:28.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to use a screwdriver,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.13,0:05:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and discharge that capacitor before we move forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.26,0:05:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay. I went ahead and discharge the capacitor of the camera.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.87,0:05:39.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will show you a complete discharge using that method.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.23,0:05:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just fun to do later on during the video.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.62,0:05:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you can take a flash circuit out by moving this pin on the side.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.38,0:05:51.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me do that, and here we go.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.04,0:05:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the flash circuit comes right out.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.86,0:05:55.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's one single unit. We don't need this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.13,0:05:57.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can throw the rest of this out,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.42,0:05:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and let's take a close look at this,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.76,0:06:02.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see what components are involved in making one of these,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.87,0:06:04.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we will analyze a circuit.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.78,0:06:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So of course, from the back you can see that flash tube,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.02,0:06:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can see the two terminals of the battery,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.28,0:06:14.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the little terminal here that does the firing of the flash itself,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.28,0:06:21.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the front we can see that the entire circuit uses only one transistor.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.11,0:06:22.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there is one transistor.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.85,0:06:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's one diode.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.24,0:06:25.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's three resistors.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.58,0:06:27.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One little in here.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.26,0:06:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope you can see this on camera.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.90,0:06:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's one there, and there's one resistor right there.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.44,0:06:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a big transformer here,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.46,0:06:40.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a little transformer on this side,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.47,0:06:44.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right here, and there is another capacitor up here, and a big one here.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.84,0:06:46.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This big this is electrolytic capacitor,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.79,0:06:49.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's capacitor that keeps the charge for the flash,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.13,0:06:53.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is an aluminum foil capacitor here that is for a slightly different function,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.57,0:06:55.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I'll tell you about that later,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.13,0:06:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this transformer has a top connection.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.52,0:07:05.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This top connection from this transformer goes directly to the center top of the flash,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.09,0:07:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these two connectors of the capacitor go to the other two sides of the flash,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.24,0:07:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we will take a look at that, too.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.26,0:07:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what I've done is that I've taken this,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.68,0:07:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I have drawn a full schematic of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.10,0:07:20.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we would like to find out how this works.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.68,0:07:23.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's going to be a little bit of theoretical stuff there,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.61,0:07:26.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we will see what we can do with it.