[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.59,0:00:04.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellery Roberts Biddle [mid-sentence]: ...Our weekly video hangout series!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.19,0:00:07.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think - let's see, we started a little bit off time
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.42,0:00:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I'll say it again:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.42,0:00:12.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellery: Welcome to GV Face, our weekly video hangout series!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.79,0:00:18.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, we are celebrating the 25th birthday of the world wide web.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.37,0:00:20.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pretty exciting. That was on Wednesday.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.79,0:00:24.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Um, we've got a {\i1}really{\i0} all-star lineup of guests
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.63,0:00:27.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on today's program.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.67,0:00:31.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Um, moving from left to right, we have:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.96,0:00:35.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alan Emtage, a very special guest who is
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.34,0:00:42.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gonna talk to us about his very special creation
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.19,0:00:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of, uh, the first web browser...
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.56,0:00:46.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Um! We have Jeremy Clark, in Montreal -
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.92,0:00:50.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jeremy is a technical director at Global Voices.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.47,0:00:53.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Josh Levy, from Free Press,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.12,0:00:55.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Massachusetts, in the U.S.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.25,0:01:00.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Renata Avila, campaign manager \Nfor the Web We Want
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.66,0:01:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Creative Commons extraordinaire, and
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.16,0:01:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,GV star, who is joining us from Berlin!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.25,0:01:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome, everybody!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.12,0:01:12.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Um. So we wanted to start today's show
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.66,0:01:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by talking a little bit about the World Wide Web
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.08,0:01:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.54,0:01:23.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'Cuz a lot of people think that they're the same thing
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.62,0:01:27.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when actually, that's not quite true.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.08,0:01:29.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to first turn to Jeremy
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.88,0:01:32.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just ask, Jer, could you
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.11,0:01:34.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,break it down for us, like,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.16,0:01:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought that the internet was invented in the 70's
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.08,0:01:41.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but, if it's the 25th birthday of the web,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.65,0:01:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what does that mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.86,0:01:45.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jeremy Clark: Okay, well, the
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.95,0:01:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,best place to start, I think, is
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.96,0:01:50.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the internet - it has existed in various formats
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.56,0:01:55.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since the 1970's, as you said,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.73,0:01:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it was the {\i1}web{\i0} that really made it
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.96,0:01:59.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enter our homes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.31,0:02:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, so, understanding the relationship is important.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.16,0:02:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the internet was invented by
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.56,0:02:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the U.S. Government in a lot of senses...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.76,0:02:10.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...a mix of military and science funding
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.67,0:02:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that developed the network of \N{\i1}actual{\i0} computers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.62,0:02:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can communicate with each other
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.01,0:02:17.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over wires.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.42,0:02:22.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, another related technology that is also compri--
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.79,0:02:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[amends] uh, {\i1}built in{\i0} to the web
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.06,0:02:27.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is called {\i1}hypertext{\i0}. And that is the notion
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.28,0:02:31.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of documents that can link between each other
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.79,0:02:35.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,immediately, without having to go and fetch
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.19,0:02:37.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a separate document. Um.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.19,0:02:39.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there were lots of systems since the 1960s
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.77,0:02:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were trying to implement hypertext, like,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.88,0:02:43.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Xanadu is an example,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.48,0:02:47.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,uh, but all of them were commercial, \Nexpensive, closed,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.42,0:02:49.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and none of them were very popular.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.42,0:02:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, Tim Berners-Lee, who is the\N"inventor of the internet,"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.82,0:02:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[corrects himself] of the {\i1}web{\i0}, \Nobviously, the World Wide Web -
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.70,0:02:59.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Um. [Tim Berners-Lee] put those two things together
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.59,0:03:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by building a service that runs
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.76,0:03:03.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on {\i1}top{\i0} of the internet, and he
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.96,0:03:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called it the World Wide Web.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.08,0:03:09.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what the World Wide Web is, is the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.76,0:03:13.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decentralized hypertext engine
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.19,0:03:15.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we use to communicate between
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.96,0:03:18.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,computers' web pages.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.82,0:03:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what makes up WEB is three things:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.36,0:03:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,URLs, or URIs - Universal Resource Locator,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.16,0:03:30.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are the addresses we use \Nto find things on the web;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.66,0:03:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HTML, which is the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.85,0:03:35.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HyperText Markup Lanuage
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.32,0:03:37.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the way that the information
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.89,0:03:39.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is stored and sent
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.22,0:03:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we can then use browsers
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.56,0:03:44.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to {\i1}view{\i0} HTML, and then
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.68,0:03:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the documents can be understood
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.02,0:03:50.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then also they display the {\i1}links{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.34,0:03:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that the hypertext part of it works
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.23,0:03:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can jump around from page to page.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.08,0:03:57.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Um, the final part is HTTP, which is
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.79,0:03:59.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the HyperText Transfer Protocol
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.96,0:04:02.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the communication method
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.42,0:04:05.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by which the different computers can
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.19,0:04:07.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talk to each other and send the
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.59,0:04:10.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HTML documents back and forth
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.22,0:04:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depending on the URLs.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.88,0:04:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Um. So, when he built it, there were some
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.22,0:04:17.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very important things that he \Nbuilt into this system
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.76,0:04:19.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that didn't exist before.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.34,0:04:21.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the main one is
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.12,0:04:22.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,universal authorship.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.85,0:04:26.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he always intended that {\i1}anyone{\i0}\Nwould be able
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.85,0:04:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to access these webpages,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.16,0:04:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and anyone would be able to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.42,0:04:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,add their own webpages,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.66,0:04:33.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without asking for permission.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.52,0:04:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the very explicit special condition
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.15,0:04:39.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that anyone can link to any {\i1}other{\i0} webpage
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.51,0:04:41.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without permission.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.28,0:04:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Previous hypertext systems required that
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.48,0:04:46.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basically, for you to link to me,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.62,0:04:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to accept that link,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.02,0:04:50.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and probably create a link back to you,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.09,0:04:51.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that wasn't required on the Web,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.87,0:04:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which gives us a lot of freedom \Nto link to people
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.82,0:04:57.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who wouldn't want us to be able \Nto link to them, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.31,0:04:59.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so no one can say "I'm putting up free content..."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.96,0:05:04.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"...but you can't send your readers here,\Nbecause I hate you," et cetera.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.25,0:05:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other one is that he made it \Ncompletely, {\i1}completely{\i0} free.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.76,0:05:11.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in the world of\Ninter--[fumbles for words]--programming
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.85,0:05:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the most free thing is generally considered
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.82,0:05:17.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be the GPL [General Public License]:\Nopen-source, free software licenses.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.56,0:05:19.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,uh, and Tim Berners-Lee actually almost used
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.65,0:05:22.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the GPL, because he wanted the web software
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.54,0:05:23.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was building to be free.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.88,0:05:26.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But at the last minute he actually changed his mind
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.22,0:05:28.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and made it full public domain,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.13,0:05:32.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because in certain ways, \Nthe GPL is actually more restrictive,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.98,0:05:33.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it forces other people -
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.85,0:05:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, certain commercial actors
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.39,0:05:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wouldn't have wanted to use web technology\Nif it were GPL,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.84,0:05:41.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so he made it full public domain,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.29,0:05:44.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then from there went on to make all of the standards
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.59,0:05:48.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as open and, uh, general and free as possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.70,0:05:51.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Uh. So that's my extremely brief\Nhistory of the internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.99,0:05:54.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If anyone is curious, \Nhe wrote a wonderful book
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.65,0:05:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called "Weaving the Web" about his experiences
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.12,0:05:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[enticing tone] As you can see, it's short!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.76,0:06:02.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he has lots of interesting technical information in it
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.81,0:06:05.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without being overwhelming.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.85,0:06:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very approachable
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.16,0:06:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he's a really interesting person
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.88,0:06:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it - the book is much better than his tweets,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.56,0:06:12.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are usually incoherent.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.61,0:06:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[one of the participants huffs out a "whew"]
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.76,0:06:17.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellery: Ouch!\NJeremy [?]: A few minutes?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.63,0:06:18.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellery: Thanks, that was - that was great, Jer!
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.95,0:06:21.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellery: I mean, I think that that helps
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.34,0:06:24.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,um, in conversations about internet policy,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.37,0:06:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and internet governance, \Nthere's a lot of emphasis
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.75,0:06:31.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the ability to, kinda, create and innovate\Nwithout permission?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.73,0:06:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like, for everybody to be able to build parts of the web.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.80,0:06:40.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what you just laid out for us\Nmakes it clear
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.27,0:06:45.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how important [expansive gesture] the {\i1}Web{\i0} piece of the infrastructure is
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.59,0:06:48.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for that, for that capacity to become
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.100,0:06:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a real tangible {\i1}thing{\i0}, and somebody that -\N[amends] something that now
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.93,0:06:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can do - we don't have to have
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.60,0:07:00.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technical expertise to kind of build our own\Nspaces there.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.74,0:07:02.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellery: Um. So, I wanted to -\NJeremy: So um.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.34,0:07:04.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jeremy: If I could add just one more thing, sorry -
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.70,0:07:06.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jeremy: I just wanted to give a couple examples
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.70,0:07:07.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of things that happen over the internet
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.100,0:07:08.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that {\i1}aren't{\i0} the web,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.82,0:07:11.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that was the actual initial question.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.33,0:07:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, one example would be {\i1}torrents{\i0},
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.67,0:07:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you're the - two computers \Nconnect to each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.88,0:07:20.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stream information directly, without any URLs
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.10,0:07:22.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being mixed into the process.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.24,0:07:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Um, another one is - email, at its core,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.53,0:07:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is its own communication protocol
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.68,0:07:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that doesn't have to use the web,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.04,0:07:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although we often use web {\i1}sites{\i0}\Nto access and manage our email.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.50,0:07:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Umm. And then another one was the one\Nright {\i1}before{\i0} the Web came out,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.29,0:07:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a very popular protocol was called {\i1}Gopher{\i0},
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.80,0:07:41.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which people liked, and sort of worked like the Web
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.47,0:07:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- you surf around and find things -
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.60,0:07:48.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it actually became commercial \Nright around the time that the web came out,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.74,0:07:50.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so people would've had to start paying,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.55,0:07:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and instead of starting to pay,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.93,0:07:55.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they switched to HTTP, HTML, and \Nthe World Wide Web.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.33,0:07:57.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellery: Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.93,0:08:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellery: So I want to move to Alan, now... Um,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.90,0:08:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alan built the first search engine.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.04,0:08:11.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm kind of... like, overwhelmed, and feel sort of
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.93,0:08:14.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, giddy and nervous {\i1}having{\i0} him here.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.47,0:08:16.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellery: This is just - \N[Alan laughs]
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.14,0:08:17.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellery: This is, like, a really big deal!
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.57,0:08:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellery: So, Alan, just - if you could tell us -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.30,0:08:25.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'cuz I think a lot of people don't know about Archie -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.04,0:08:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,um, it would be really cool just to hear
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.70,0:08:32.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how you sort of - what you were doing
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.53,0:08:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that made you decide to, to do this
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.80,0:08:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and kinda what it was like, and then, I mean,\Neverything you've seen since...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.71,0:08:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unfortunately we're time limited, but...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.07,0:08:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alan: Right.\NEllery: You know.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.60,0:08:48.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alan [coughs]: Well, um, uh, well, that was back in
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.78,0:08:57.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1989, and, I was working as a system administrator
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.47,0:09:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for uh, McGill University - I was a grad student
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.10,0:09:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for McGill University - and um, I was responsible
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.10,0:09:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for getting software for - one of my responsibilities
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.20,0:09:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was getting software for the faculty and the students.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.50,0:09:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at the time, the three major \Nprotocols on the internet
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.10,0:09:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- this was pre Web, ummm -
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.50,0:09:23.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was, uh, Telnet, which would allow you to log in
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.89,0:09:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a remote machine.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.10,0:09:29.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Email, ah, which would allow you to communicate
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.07,0:09:31.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ah, with another - as we do now, with a, with a
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.97,0:09:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remote machin{\i1}es{\i0}, plural,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.50,0:09:38.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, and FTP, which was the File Transfer Protocol,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.33,0:09:41.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which allowed you to move, ah, data files, or files
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.87,0:09:44.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from one machine to another.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.47,0:09:47.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at the time what we had was - people had made
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.37,0:09:50.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- remember it was a non-commercial internet\Nat the time -
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.100,0:09:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- actually, commercial traffic was forbidden\Non the internet at the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.34,0:09:57.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it was run by the \NNational Science Foundation
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.17,0:09:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was using educational money
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.10,0:10:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore other than companies with
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.67,0:10:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,research arms, like IBM and HP \Nand those kinds of things,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.04,0:10:09.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we didn't have any commercial traffic on the internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.07,0:10:13.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which nowadays seems kind of amazing \Nto even think about -
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.14,0:10:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, ah, so what people did, were to provide
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.53,0:10:21.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to provide free space on their machines
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.16,0:10:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- and remember, you know, at the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.97,0:10:26.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a big disc would be a {\i1}megabyte,{\i0} you know -
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.70,0:10:32.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so people would provide common repositories
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.57,0:10:37.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you could deposit programs that you had written
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.20,0:10:42.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,datafiles, and documents, and that kinda stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.24,0:10:44.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into these central repositories that were
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.54,0:10:46.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spread around the internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.36,0:10:48.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then other people could then retrieve them.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.54,0:10:51.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I spent a lot of my time trying to locate
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.24,0:10:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,software, or the information that my, the\Nstudents and the faculty were trying to find,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.12,0:10:57.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I got tired of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.46,0:11:00.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and since I'm lazy and a geek, I...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.83,0:11:04.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I automated the process.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.64,0:11:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got - instead of doing it manually, I had a bunch
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.67,0:11:10.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of scripts wake up in the middle of the night\Nevery night,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.96,0:11:14.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and go out and index these files.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.29,0:11:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now remember all of this was just file listings.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.00,0:11:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not like Google, it's not like \Na search engine would be today,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.30,0:11:26.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is just... filenames. All it was, was filenames.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.40,0:11:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so what it would do
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.27,0:11:29.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was it would go out every night,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.62,0:11:31.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,list all the filenames in all the repositories,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.59,0:11:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and allow you to {\i1}search{\i0} lists of filenames.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.40,0:11:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I only used it for myself!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.83,0:11:42.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I only used it, um, uh, for my own personal use.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.03,0:11:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Um, and at one point my boss,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.34,0:11:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was also a student, a grad student at the University,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.48,0:11:51.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let Peter Deutsch let it be known that, um,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.51,0:11:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,somebody was asking for, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.77,0:11:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could they, could somebody tell them where, um,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.37,0:12:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,y'know, a particular piece of software was.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.00,0:12:07.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, uh, uh, we, um, uh... we, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.48,0:12:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he came and asked me, \Nhe knew we had this database
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.44,0:12:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he came and asked me if I could help out.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.64,0:12:14.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I gave it to him, and if, y'know,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.17,0:12:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,half a sec- half a minute later I had the information,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.14,0:12:22.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so he put this posting online, and, umm.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.51,0:12:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People then started asking,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.06,0:12:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, can you find {\i1}this{\i0} for me?"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.74,0:12:28.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, you know, all these manual requests!
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.11,0:12:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Basically - either through email, or UseNet postings -
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.31,0:12:32.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- which is what we were using at the time -
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.83,0:12:34.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we thought, well, this is silly,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.74,0:12:36.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's no point doing these things manually
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.57,0:12:40.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we can just allow people access\Nto the database itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.92,0:12:43.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in a moment of insanity,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.57,0:12:45.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we had to come up with a name for it,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.14,0:12:47.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I said, "Okay, well, let's just call it ARCHI-E,"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.43,0:12:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is "ARCHIVE" without the V
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.80,0:12:55.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, ah, and within about three or four months
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.14,0:12:57.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were consuming about {\i1}half{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.27,0:13:00.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all of the traffic to eastern Canada \N{\i1}[where McGill University is]{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.97,0:13:04.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as this search engine became - as people, y'know -
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.91,0:13:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- word of mouth -
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.51,0:13:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, people who know about Archie
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.04,0:13:11.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are generally people of a certain {\i1}age{\i0}...
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.17,0:13:13.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...I won't mention what that age is, but
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.31,0:13:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's generally people who were in university
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.14,0:13:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or working on the internet, so it would have been
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.54,0:13:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it would have been research people,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.84,0:13:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people in academia in the early nineties.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.73,0:13:28.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Archie lasted for about, uh, \N[hems and haws]
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.83,0:13:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Five years. Four or five years.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.37,0:13:34.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, um, it only indexed FTP archives.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.51,0:13:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It never indexed the web.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.84,0:13:40.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I went on, as Archie became popular,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.19,0:13:43.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I got more involved in the standards process
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.31,0:13:44.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that kind of stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.14,0:13:47.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I worked, uh, fairly closely with Tim Berners-Lee
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.17,0:13:49.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to, uh, to standardize - for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.84,0:13:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did the - I ran the committee
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.06,0:13:54.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the standard-setting body for the internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.58,0:13:56.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the IETF \N{\i1}[Internet Engineering Task Force]{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.51,0:13:58.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to standardize URLs.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.57,0:14:00.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because Tim had come up with
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.11,0:14:02.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a set of rules for URLS,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.55,0:14:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as we looked at expanding that
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.80,0:14:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a larger range of resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.54,0:14:10.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we realized that those rules did not cover
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.37,0:14:11.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of the cases.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.94,0:14:14.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we worked, for, uh - Tim brought the,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.71,0:14:17.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the specification, his original specification,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.03,0:14:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the group, and we worked on it for,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.60,0:14:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't remember, nine months to a year or so,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.97,0:14:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come up with a standard for URLs.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.07,0:14:26.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So all of those URLs that we use,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.71,0:14:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,day in and day out,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.23,0:14:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were, were standardized as a result
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.34,0:14:31.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of that committee.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.43,0:14:35.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it was, um, it was a really exciting time,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.01,0:14:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was a time of, y'know - the question I always get
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.54,0:14:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is why didn't make a billion dollars off of it?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.27,0:14:42.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I keep reminding people that
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.71,0:14:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of the people who were pioneers -
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.26,0:14:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the exception of Marc Andreessen\N{\i1}[who co-founded Netscape]{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.20,0:14:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,uhm, didn't make a whole lot of money off of these, these original things.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.66,0:14:58.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were working in an environment which, uh,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.57,0:15:02.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put a premium on getting the technology out there
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.63,0:15:05.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making it as widely available as possible -
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.73,0:15:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tim's big coup with CERN,\N{\i1}[European Organization for Nuclear Research]{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.34,0:15:12.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the organization that he worked for\Nwhen he first developed the web ,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.15,0:15:17.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was to get CERN to put, um, the web software
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.94,0:15:20.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he had created into the public domain.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.71,0:15:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it wasn't even {\i1}his{\i0} to give away,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.31,0:15:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was CERN's property.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.77,0:15:28.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As an employee [of CERN], \N[Tim's work] would actually belong to CERN.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.72,0:15:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Uh. He, he actually convinced them \Nto put it in the public domain
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.04,0:15:38.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's what really, uh, y'know
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.42,0:15:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,set [amends] lit a fire under the whole thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.27,0:15:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the time, the philosophy behind it
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.20,0:15:47.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was really, "Let's get this out there,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.91,0:15:49.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"..this is a brave new world,"
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.07,0:15:52.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"..we don't know what all of this \Ntechnology's gonna be used for!"
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.33,0:15:54.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think any of us - including Tim -
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.17,0:15:56.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imagined what it would become.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.27,0:16:00.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Y'know, he, {\i1}he{\i0} always had a much grander vision of it
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.14,0:16:02.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I don't - I can guarantee you -
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.17,0:16:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've spent many, many, many, {\i1}many{\i0} an hour
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.00,0:16:07.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with drinks, in bars, drinking with Tim,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.19,0:16:09.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I can guarantee you that he did {\i1}not{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.97,0:16:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- {\i1}Sir{\i0} Tim, by the way, {\i1}Sir{\i0} Tim -
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.24,0:16:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Um. I should - y'know, he even, he,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.20,0:16:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think, had any idea that it would basically
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.94,0:16:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.00,0:16:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and half the world's population would be using
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.10,0:16:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the system that he created, twenty years later.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.22,0:16:27.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[corrects himself] Twenty-{\i1}five{\i0} years later.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.28,0:16:30.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellery: Thank you so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.69,0:16:34.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellery: I mean, so, speaking of which, yeah,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.43,0:16:41.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it {\i1}has{\i0} changed, and, I guess, [chuckles], taken over, in a way,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.64,0:16:45.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,um, that we, I'm sure, wouldn't have expected.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.67,0:16:51.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to now move to Josh and Renata,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.68,0:16:54.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are both [something falls to the floor]
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.52,0:16:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very [she looks at the fallen object, winces]
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.14,0:17:03.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,committed, involved leaders in what has now
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.37,0:17:08.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,become a global effort to - I mean,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.47,0:17:09.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way that we're sort of putting it
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.58,0:17:10.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is "{\i1}save{\i0} the internet"
Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.87,0:17:13.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or, preserve and protect the openness
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.91,0:17:21.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all of the rights to free expression, access, um,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.23,0:17:27.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also privacy, that we all feel are embedded
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.10,0:17:29.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually, in the way that it was built.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.74,0:17:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, Josh, I wondered if you could explain to us
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.34,0:17:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really briefly what your role is in your organization
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.96,0:17:41.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then also, um, tell us about
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.71,0:17:46.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Web We Want campaign, and explain, y'know,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.51,0:17:50.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how you think this rights movement is shaping up
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.85,0:17:54.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you could kind of link it with everything that
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.77,0:17:56.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alan just laid out for us,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.47,0:17:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would be really wonderful.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.52,0:17:59.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Josh Levy: I'll do my best.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.54,0:18:01.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Josh: So, my name is Josh Levy,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.74,0:18:03.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Josh: I'm from Free Press, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.31,0:18:06.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're a U.S.-based organization,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.53,0:18:11.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we advocate for better technology and media policy
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.35,0:18:14.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allows for an open internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.01,0:18:16.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for better representation of people in the media,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.94,0:18:19.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including in, in media that's online,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.95,0:18:23.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for open access to information.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.40,0:18:26.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this issue that we're talking about -
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.37,0:18:27.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the anniversary of the web -
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.83,0:18:30.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really central to our work,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.17,0:18:32.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we've been fighting, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.57,0:18:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to pass strong Net Neutrality policies \Nhere in the U.S. for years.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.77,0:18:42.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Basically ever since the issue first came up,\Nin the mid-2000s,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:42.11,0:18:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we saw big internet service providers
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.23,0:18:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blocking traffic coming from certain destinations.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.20,0:18:50.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that fight is ongoing.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.14,0:18:52.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The FCC, the Federal Communications Commission here in the U.S.,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.26,0:18:56.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is charged with overseeing communications and technology policy,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.94,0:18:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,passed rules in 2010
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.04,0:19:01.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were intended to protect Net Neutrality
Dialogue: 0,0:19:01.40,0:19:05.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but were passed in a way that we {\i1}knew{\i0}\Nwasn't gonna hold up in court.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:05.53,0:19:08.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we were - unfortunately,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:08.55,0:19:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we saw that happen earlier this year,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.80,0:19:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when a court in Washington, D.C., \Nthrew out those rules,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.73,0:19:18.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,effectively throwing out any Net Neutrality \Nprotections that people have.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.54,0:19:21.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so this gets back to what Jeremy was saying
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.94,0:19:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the "internet" versus the "Web," right?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:23.68,0:19:25.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we're talking about Net Neutrality,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:25.54,0:19:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I hope a lot of people have heard of,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.03,0:19:31.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this concept that we should be able to access any information that we want online
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.61,0:19:37.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without anybody getting in the way, whether that's a big company or the government -
Dialogue: 0,0:19:37.54,0:19:43.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is, essentially, that's a policy that applies to the internet:
Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.58,0:19:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the ways in which all of our computers\Nconnect to each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.90,0:19:50.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have this basic understanding\Nthat the internet should be free and open,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:50.64,0:19:53.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meaning that my computer should be able to connect
Dialogue: 0,0:19:53.43,0:19:55.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to yours in this global network of computers
Dialogue: 0,0:19:55.77,0:19:58.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without any entity inspecting the traffic,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:58.94,0:20:01.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to understand what you're trying to access,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:01.27,0:20:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, based on that understanding, block it.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:03.07,0:20:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if it doesn't like the video you're watching, \N[it would be] slowing it down;
Dialogue: 0,0:20:06.04,0:20:08.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or, if it doesn't like the application you're using, blocking it -
Dialogue: 0,0:20:08.97,0:20:11.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- that, {\i1}that{\i0} should be {\i1}totally{\i0} unacceptable.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:11.14,0:20:14.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should be able to connect to whatever we want in whatever {\i1}way{\i0} we want.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:14.65,0:20:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that includes using the Web, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:20:16.34,0:20:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the Web is basically an application that {\i1}rides{\i0} over the internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:20.66,0:20:22.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The internet's this global network,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:22.94,0:20:25.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Web is just one application that \Nuses that global network.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:25.84,0:20:28.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so it's essential - \NNet Neutrality is essential to using the web,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:28.54,0:20:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because as we've seen today,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:30.52,0:20:33.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using the web is so essential to all of our lives
Dialogue: 0,0:20:33.23,0:20:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and big companies, and governments, have so much power over it that they can block all kinds of things:
Dialogue: 0,0:20:39.74,0:20:43.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political speech, videos that we wanna watch, pictures of cats, et cetera.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:43.71,0:20:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So. Um, anyway, so that's what Free Press is doing,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:46.40,0:20:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in large part, trying to protect \Nthat notion of Net Neutrality.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:49.66,0:20:53.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And out of that fight came a number of campaigns,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:53.78,0:20:55.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including the campaign to stop SOPA\N{\i1}[Stop Online Piracy Act]{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:20:55.96,0:20:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- which was the bad copyright bill a couple years ago here in the U.S. -
Dialogue: 0,0:20:59.34,0:21:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and out of {\i1}that{\i0} came a realization, I think,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:01.52,0:21:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here in the U.S. but [also] around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:02.80,0:21:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we all needed to kind of {\i1}talk{\i0} to each other a little bit more,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:05.56,0:21:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those of us who have been advocating for a free and open internet for a long time.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:09.51,0:21:10.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we started doing that:
Dialogue: 0,0:21:10.91,0:21:14.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Free Press led the development the drafting of
Dialogue: 0,0:21:14.17,0:21:16.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something called the \N"Declaration of Internet Freedom"
Dialogue: 0,0:21:16.28,0:21:21.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was a simple statement of principles\Nabout our right to access information online.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:21.82,0:21:26.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And out of {\i1}that{\i0} came a really fruitful relationship with Tim Berners-Lee's organization,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:26.91,0:21:29.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- the World Wide Web Foundation -
Dialogue: 0,0:21:29.33,0:21:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we discussed ways in which we could move that effort forward,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:33.65,0:21:35.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this Declaration effort,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:35.71,0:21:40.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to involve more groups around the world, \Nmore people around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:40.17,0:21:44.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to guarantee that we all have \Naccess to information
Dialogue: 0,0:21:44.14,0:21:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that that access, and the principles behind it,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:47.28,0:21:52.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not the domain of any one country, \Nor any one group of individuals.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:52.39,0:21:55.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, out of that came this great project,\Nthe Web We Want,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:55.58,0:21:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which Renata's gonna tell you more about.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:57.62,0:21:59.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is seeking to do just that:
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.66,0:22:05.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to pass laws, {\i1}around the world,{\i0} that will protect people's right to access the internet
Dialogue: 0,0:22:05.47,0:22:09.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to access content on the Web \Nwithout anybody getting in the way,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.65,0:22:14.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, uh, it's building steam very, very quickly:
Dialogue: 0,0:22:14.68,0:22:18.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are working with countries around the world to develop their own set of principles
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.04,0:22:20.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regarding the web and our rights on it,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:20.11,0:22:26.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and organizing lots and lots of organizations that are really excited about getting involved in this effort
Dialogue: 0,0:22:26.07,0:22:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our dream of uniting groups who are all fighting the same fight but in different parts of the world
Dialogue: 0,0:22:32.28,0:22:33.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is kind of coming to life. \N
Dialogue: 0,0:22:33.94,0:22:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I'll let Renata tell you more about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:36.09,0:22:38.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Caveat: Renata is not a native English speaker, so verbatim transcription of her speech doesn't always make perfect sense.]
Dialogue: 0,0:22:38.24,0:22:40.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Renata Avila: Eum, hello everyone, everybody,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:40.39,0:22:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's really good to be here?\N[she tends to uptalk]
Dialogue: 0,0:22:42.38,0:22:44.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Renata: Ah, so: the Web We Want.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.57,0:22:50.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Web We Want is a coalition of \N[gestures as she searches for words]
Dialogue: 0,0:22:50.71,0:22:54.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}very{\i0} important groups of organizations \Nfrom civil society
Dialogue: 0,0:22:54.13,0:22:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will mention of them:
Dialogue: 0,0:22:57.07,0:22:59.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Access, that many of us are familiar with;\N{\i1}[AccessNow.org]{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:22:59.81,0:23:01.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,APC; \N{\i1}[Association for Progressive Communications]{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.91,0:23:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Free Press, from the U.S.;
Dialogue: 0,0:23:04.80,0:23:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,7iber, in Jordan; \Nthe Open Source Association, in Jordan as well;
Dialogue: 0,0:23:10.08,0:23:12.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[ums and ers]
Dialogue: 0,0:23:12.92,0:23:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Consumers International; Article 19; \NFundação Getulio Vargas, in Brazil;
Dialogue: 0,0:23:20.52,0:23:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,IT for Change, in India; \NPublic Knowledge, in the U.S.;
Dialogue: 0,0:23:25.23,0:23:30.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we, we have a - we got the confirmation that Open Knowledge Foundation,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:30.88,0:23:35.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has affiliates all over the world,\Nwill join as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:35.79,0:23:37.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, basically, the campaign... \N
Dialogue: 0,0:23:37.68,0:23:40.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,..what we are trying to achieve here
Dialogue: 0,0:23:40.26,0:23:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to move from the reactions, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:23:43.08,0:23:46.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the constant {\i1}reactions{\i0} that \Nthe civil society/ we have,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:46.48,0:23:47.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a {\i1}proactive{\i0} approach.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:47.81,0:23:52.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To have a positive agenda, to have the safe first, in different countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:52.100,0:23:55.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also globally.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:55.19,0:23:59.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what happens is usually that we come together last minute -
Dialogue: 0,0:23:59.81,0:24:03.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we {\i1}react{\i0} to bad legislation being proposed,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:03.72,0:24:13.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by either specific groups of interest, or a very \Ncreative but not so well informed legislator...
Dialogue: 0,0:24:13.69,0:24:17.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, in the last, let's say, five years,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:17.36,0:24:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have seen so many mobilizations against, against, {\i1}against.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:24:22.01,0:24:27.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we think that yes, it's good to have a reaction to bad legislation,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:27.25,0:24:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's much more effective to have a proposal coming from civil society.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:31.48,0:24:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And not only - like, civil society understood as a -
Dialogue: 0,0:24:34.94,0:24:40.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a more {\i1}extended{\i0} way as we usually use it in internet governance -
Dialogue: 0,0:24:40.28,0:24:45.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but civil society involving {\i1}everyone{\i0}\Nin a fight for our rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:45.55,0:24:53.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we have different activities and \Ndifferent actions to achieve that.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:53.27,0:24:59.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first would be intense work in \Nspecific countries where we [gestures]
Dialogue: 0,0:24:59.97,0:25:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together, all the advisory committee, \Nso that there's something going on,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:04.68,0:25:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some movement in civil society,\Nand there's some action there.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:08.88,0:25:16.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the list of the countries that we have decided will be like the first "grant-ees"
Dialogue: 0,0:25:16.55,0:25:22.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of um, more stronger support from the punt, uh, the, the, where we want manages...? will be:
Dialogue: 0,0:25:22.48,0:25:32.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Japan, Indonesia, Philippines, India, Bangladesh, Brazil, Ecuador, the U.K., Tunisia, Nigeria, Kenya...
Dialogue: 0,0:25:32.48,0:25:34.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...and South Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:34.08,0:25:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, as you see, it's mostly \Ncountries of the global south.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:38.26,0:25:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also the U.K., because we saw an opportunity there,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:42.68,0:25:47.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we also saw a {\i1}regression{\i0} of rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:47.64,0:25:52.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is very interesting to see how the \Ndeterioration of rights in a country -
Dialogue: 0,0:25:52.35,0:25:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- even in a democratic country -
Dialogue: 0,0:25:54.36,0:25:56.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the last ten years, has been very extreme.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:56.58,0:26:01.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is really affecting the region.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:01.38,0:26:04.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Apart from this intense work that we are planning to do,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:04.47,0:26:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having national dialogues in these countries I informed you of,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:08.76,0:26:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have also - we are launching, \Non the 21st of March, a mini-grant round.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:15.68,0:26:18.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mini-grants are for everyone to apply,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:18.27,0:26:21.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you don't need to be an NGO,\N{\i1}[Non-Governmental Organization]{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:26:21.12,0:26:24.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't need to be an expert to apply for these grants.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:24.85,0:26:26.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we want is normal people -
Dialogue: 0,0:26:26.89,0:26:29.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- artists, musicians, everyone -
Dialogue: 0,0:26:29.78,0:26:35.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be involved in this and to, eh, [unintelligible] to celebrate, to party for the Web!
Dialogue: 0,0:26:35.81,0:26:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But at the same time that we celebrate the Web,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:38.68,0:26:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we start a conversation on {\i1}what is the web we want?{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:26:41.55,0:26:44.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is - [struggles for words]
Dialogue: 0,0:26:44.41,0:26:52.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- which {\i1}values{\i0}, which form we want, which way we want to protect the Web in our countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:52.73,0:26:54.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The free and open Web.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:54.35,0:27:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so it can be something as simple as \Na screening in a public space?
Dialogue: 0,0:27:02.22,0:27:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can be more elaborate, \Nlike a talk at your local library?
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.44,0:27:09.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can be {\i1}anything{\i0} you want, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:27:09.26,0:27:12.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can be even a {\i1}sculpture{\i0} in the middle of a city.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:12.85,0:27:17.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ah, telling people what the Web \Nrepresents {\i1}[means]{\i0} to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:17.32,0:27:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But also, we know that we cannot abandon \Nthose fighting "against."
Dialogue: 0,0:27:22.60,0:27:27.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have rapid response grants.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:27.28,0:27:30.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these rapid response grants are for, eh -
Dialogue: 0,0:27:30.68,0:27:35.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we, we have identified that sometimes to make something happen,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:35.25,0:27:36.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you need some resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:36.53,0:27:38.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially in some countries in the global south.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:38.35,0:27:43.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So. For example, ehh, think about \Na very bad surveillance law,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:43.01,0:27:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about to be passed in, oh, Nicaragua.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:45.71,0:27:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this rapid response -
Dialogue: 0,0:27:48.38,0:27:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- which will be open during the whole year -
Dialogue: 0,0:27:50.58,0:27:55.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- will allow activists to say, "Hey, listen. \NThis very bad thing is happening..."
Dialogue: 0,0:27:55.15,0:27:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"..and we think that if we gather a group of people together..."
Dialogue: 0,0:27:59.38,0:28:05.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"..and we print, uh, leaflets, and we make a short video about that..."
Dialogue: 0,0:28:05.01,0:28:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"..we have a good chance to shift the opinions to our side..."
Dialogue: 0,0:28:10.38,0:28:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"..the side of right."
Dialogue: 0,0:28:11.68,0:28:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so that will be open as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:14.09,0:28:20.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will be open on the 21st of March, and remain open the whole year.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:20.100,0:28:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we will achieve at the end of the year is a very interesting collection of experiences.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:27.88,0:28:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will see that - [finds her words]
Dialogue: 0,0:28:31.08,0:28:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what is the Web people want,\Nin the specific countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:35.42,0:28:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with more intense follow-up \Nmechanism and dialogue.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:38.98,0:28:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will also see which techniques are \Nthe best for rapid response
Dialogue: 0,0:28:42.82,0:28:45.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when there's a threat to the open internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:45.91,0:28:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the collection of experiences from the rapid response grants.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:50.72,0:28:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also we will learn from ways to engage the broader public in our topics and in our issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:58.20,0:29:04.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I am very hopeful that especially \Nartists, or very creative activists,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:04.83,0:29:07.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will find ways to engage the broader public.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:07.91,0:29:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we need - this is ours.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:10.92,0:29:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The future of [the open internet] \Ndepends on us preserving it.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:15.45,0:29:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the more people invited to this fight,\Nthe stronger we get.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:22.58,0:29:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At last, I will... I would like to invite everyone to be engaged the way that you can engage.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:34.04,0:29:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to apply for these grants!
Dialogue: 0,0:29:37.08,0:29:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But not only to apply for these grants -\Nalso, to make things your own.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:42.32,0:29:47.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want to write an article, \Nif you are an expert on specific topics,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:47.15,0:29:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,please write articles, \Nplease share your knowledge with people,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:50.98,0:29:54.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and please engage, and don't be apathetic.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:54.21,0:29:58.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the Web offers us -
Dialogue: 0,0:29:58.21,0:29:59.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- and the internet offers us -
Dialogue: 0,0:29:59.51,0:30:02.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- this opportunity to communicate and connect beyond borders,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:02.51,0:30:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think that, slowly, we are building this platform -
Dialogue: 0,0:30:08.38,0:30:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- which is not a website but is a platform made of [amends her description] collective –
Dialogue: 0,0:30:13.24,0:30:22.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- that is ready to jump and to take actions to save the web any moment that it is under threat.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:22.55,0:30:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So. Yes. That's it.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:26.95,0:30:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellery [laughs]: Thanks.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:29.48,0:30:32.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellery: It's really - I think it's great to sort of, \Nto have that out there,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:32.31,0:30:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for people to understand all the ways \Nthat they can get involved.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:36.80,0:30:43.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One thing I - so, in thinking about how can we make a little show today that would {\i1}celebrate{\i0} the web,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:43.68,0:30:47.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I couldn't help but think about Global Voices,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:47.58,0:30:50.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's what brings us all together here,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:50.81,0:30:55.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, I think that our community, in so many ways -
Dialogue: 0,0:30:55.39,0:30:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, we {\i1}couldn't{\i0} exist, {\i1}wouldn't{\i0} exist, \Nwithout the Web,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:59.35,0:31:05.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there are also so many particular attributes of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:05.31,0:31:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it comes to access and openness,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:08.01,0:31:10.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allow us to do all the things that we do,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:10.35,0:31:13.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, including this hangout, right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:13.55,0:31:16.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Um. So I wanted to ask -
Dialogue: 0,0:31:16.30,0:31:17.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- although we're really short on time,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:17.83,0:31:21.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I'm gonna have to ask you to be super brief, but -
Dialogue: 0,0:31:21.43,0:31:23.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jer, you, I kind of, I said, is there...
Dialogue: 0,0:31:23.88,0:31:29.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...could you talk a little bit about what, \Nif you look at Global Voices,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:29.95,0:31:34.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sort of the way that it's grown up, \Num, {\i1}with{\i0} the internet -
Dialogue: 0,0:31:34.99,0:31:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- you've been here since the beginning,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:36.44,0:31:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you can kind of - just, just tell us a bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:40.46,0:31:42.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jeremy Clark: Okay, well, uh,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:42.62,0:31:47.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jeremy: I actually haven't been with \NGlobal Voices since the {\i1}very{\i0} beginning,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:47.52,0:31:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I joined near the start.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:49.38,0:31:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, maybe you can see on my screen -
Dialogue: 0,0:31:51.22,0:31:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Global Voices was started actually in 2005, um,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:54.75,0:31:57.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one of the great things about the story is that
Dialogue: 0,0:31:57.48,0:32:02.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was started quickly and easily by Ethan Zuckerman
Dialogue: 0,0:32:02.55,0:32:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who set up the original site, uh,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:06.45,0:32:09.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with Rebecca McKinnon, \Nwho worked on the idea and the content,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:09.76,0:32:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so, they actually used WordPress, which \Nis the system we still use today,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:14.12,0:32:18.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and which is very similar to the Web\Nin a lot of senses
Dialogue: 0,0:32:18.100,0:32:21.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's a distributed project,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:21.75,0:32:23.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people all around the world develop it,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:23.51,0:32:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's open-source, and it's free,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:25.23,0:32:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is so not by convenience but very explicit philosophy and they're very active in defending that,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:32.08,0:32:37.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also in another way: uh, originally, at the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:37.27,0:32:40.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a very popular free software \Ncalled Movable Type
Dialogue: 0,0:32:40.35,0:32:42.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which became commercial,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:42.44,0:32:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and instead of starting to pay for it, \Npeople switched to Wordpress.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:46.52,0:32:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this was our original website.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:48.88,0:32:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We later redesigned it several times.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:51.62,0:32:57.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And over the years, we have grown {\i1}with{\i0} WordPress
Dialogue: 0,0:32:57.65,0:33:02.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to add - take advantage of the new features, and, uh...
Dialogue: 0,0:33:02.63,0:33:05.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[gestures] - keep running our site.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:05.20,0:33:11.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so running our whole infrastructure on this very decentralized open-source model has been
Dialogue: 0,0:33:11.75,0:33:15.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a really rewarding experience for us,\Njust as using the Web has.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:15.96,0:33:19.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And obviously, the, uh, one of the most\Ninteresting things is that
Dialogue: 0,0:33:19.29,0:33:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Global Voices is all about the web.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:21.56,0:33:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without the Web, \Nwithout that decentralized authorship,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:24.72,0:33:25.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- anyone can write to it -
Dialogue: 0,0:33:25.78,0:33:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there would {\i1}be{\i0} no Global Voices.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:27.16,0:33:29.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Uh, the whole point of Global Voices was to
Dialogue: 0,0:33:29.29,0:33:31.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recognize that people all over the world
Dialogue: 0,0:33:31.88,0:33:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were taking advantage of the benefits of the Web,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:34.34,0:33:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and create one place where you could find it,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:35.98,0:33:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sort of like Archie was with the pre-Web TelNet days
Dialogue: 0,0:33:41.86,0:33:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a archive of things happening all around -
Dialogue: 0,0:33:45.22,0:33:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- that's what Global Voices did.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:47.08,0:33:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Um. So. Yeah!
Dialogue: 0,0:33:50.72,0:33:52.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, y'know, we've tried a lot of different
Dialogue: 0,0:33:52.81,0:33:55.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,infrastructure based around the web over the years;
Dialogue: 0,0:33:55.91,0:33:57.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,uh, we've used Drupal,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:57.32,0:34:00.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've used a lot of different online services...
Dialogue: 0,0:34:00.51,0:34:02.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Obviously, like everyone else,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:02.04,0:34:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the temptation to take advantage of Google's
Dialogue: 0,0:34:03.94,0:34:08.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,free offerings has always been \Npart of Global Voices' DNA:
Dialogue: 0,0:34:08.45,0:34:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we use Google mailing lists,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:09.92,0:34:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we use all the different things that they make for free
Dialogue: 0,0:34:13.24,0:34:14.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is an interesting part of the web,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:14.95,0:34:16.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's {\i1}not{\i0} the Web, that's {\i1}Google{\i0},
Dialogue: 0,0:34:16.78,0:34:18.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just {\i1}happening{\i0} to give it away,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:18.46,0:34:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but as a company, they have a tendency
Dialogue: 0,0:34:20.58,0:34:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to follow the spirit of the Web, uh,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:22.68,0:34:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though they're doing so \Nfor commercial reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:26.08,0:34:27.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But - yeah!
Dialogue: 0,0:34:27.72,0:34:30.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's my very brief summary
Dialogue: 0,0:34:30.55,0:34:31.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the history of Global Voices
Dialogue: 0,0:34:31.68,0:34:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how it parallels the Web!
Dialogue: 0,0:34:34.28,0:34:35.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellery: Thank you!
Dialogue: 0,0:34:35.75,0:34:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellery: I'm afraid we're gonna have to wrap up now
Dialogue: 0,0:34:38.12,0:34:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but, just, to do that, I wanted to ask for
Dialogue: 0,0:34:41.58,0:34:44.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a couple of, kind of, final thoughts...
Dialogue: 0,0:34:44.55,0:34:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...from Alan, and perhaps also Josh, just -
Dialogue: 0,0:34:50.72,0:34:54.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Alan, I guess I'm especially interested in
Dialogue: 0,0:34:54.15,0:34:56.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if there are, kinda, thoughts that you have
Dialogue: 0,0:34:56.58,0:34:59.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on all of the activism and advocacy
Dialogue: 0,0:34:59.88,0:35:03.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's taking place around fundamental rights\Non the Internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:03.88,0:35:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from your own unique historical perspective.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:09.02,0:35:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then I wanted to close, um,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:11.98,0:35:17.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by asking Renata to just tell us a very little bit about Bassel
Dialogue: 0,0:35:17.92,0:35:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since there's also an important anniversary this weekend.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:22.58,0:35:24.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I'm gonna just let you guys go,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:24.51,0:35:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we will close out!
Dialogue: 0,0:35:27.58,0:35:30.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alan Emtage: Okay, well, y'know,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:30.76,0:35:34.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alan: I haven't been involved as an activist
Dialogue: 0,0:35:34.65,0:35:37.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for, uh, for quite some time now.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:37.25,0:35:41.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I sort of burnt out after a while! [laughs]
Dialogue: 0,0:35:41.24,0:35:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- flying around the globe, and doing all the stuff that I did in the nineties.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:45.98,0:35:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I certainly pay a lot of attention to that stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:35:49.38,0:35:52.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,y'know, I'm currently involved in Barbados, right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:52.58,0:35:56.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it has been really interesting to try and,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:56.81,0:35:57.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for one example,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:57.88,0:36:01.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,try and access content from the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:36:01.62,0:36:04.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- entertainment content, that kind of stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:04.21,0:36:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, I mean, I knew about this stuff in theory,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:06.62,0:36:11.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in practice, the antiquated models
Dialogue: 0,0:36:11.75,0:36:17.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of content distribution\Nthat we're still holding onto
Dialogue: 0,0:36:17.19,0:36:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this day and age,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:18.55,0:36:22.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where, you know, geographical boundaries\Nand national boundaries and that kinda stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:36:22.75,0:36:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are still very much at the center of these \Nbusiness models.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:26.75,0:36:30.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Y'know, things like BitTorrent \Nand that kinda stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:36:30.62,0:36:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are wiping them away,\Nand they don't even realize it.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:33.48,0:36:37.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The music industry has seen this happen, \Nnow, for decades -
Dialogue: 0,0:36:37.85,0:36:39.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Certainly from the activist point of view,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:39.38,0:36:43.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of keeping the Internet\Nfree and available,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:43.75,0:36:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's gonna be a real challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:45.52,0:36:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, I mean, it's such an\Nimportant technology now.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:48.68,0:36:53.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have things like \Nthe Great Firewall in China...
Dialogue: 0,0:36:53.38,0:36:55.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have, you know, Russia, who recently -
Dialogue: 0,0:36:55.48,0:36:57.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- as of {\i1}yesterday{\i0}, today -
Dialogue: 0,0:36:57.75,0:37:06.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- shutting down, using new laws to shut down access to dissent against Putin...
Dialogue: 0,0:37:06.55,0:37:08.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They realize the power -
Dialogue: 0,0:37:08.61,0:37:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Egypt was a real wakeup call for a lot of people in the use of social networking
Dialogue: 0,0:37:14.42,0:37:19.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to organize and activate people and bring them out onto the streets,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:19.48,0:37:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so governments are {\i1}scared{\i0} of this technology
Dialogue: 0,0:37:21.98,0:37:24.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's important that we work really hard
Dialogue: 0,0:37:24.38,0:37:26.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to keep it as free as it is,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:26.01,0:37:27.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they realize that, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:27.48,0:37:30.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,information - how you control the information, you control the people.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:30.58,0:37:34.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, um, I think it is extraordinarily important
Dialogue: 0,0:37:34.45,0:37:36.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people like Josh [unintelligible]
Dialogue: 0,0:37:36.95,0:37:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continue to work very hard \Nto stop the bad laws,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:40.95,0:37:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to inform the legislators -
Dialogue: 0,0:37:43.12,0:37:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- some of them are just doing it out of ignorance!
Dialogue: 0,0:37:44.81,0:37:45.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:45.42,0:37:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Never ascribe to malice what can be ascribed to incompetence."
Dialogue: 0,0:37:49.11,0:37:51.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, uh, a lot of these people are just
Dialogue: 0,0:37:51.21,0:37:53.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,incompetent, not malicious.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:53.18,0:37:56.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there {\i1}are{\i0} people who are malicious, \Nas well [laughing a bit]
Dialogue: 0,0:37:56.62,0:37:58.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we have to deal with them as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:58.25,0:38:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, um, you know, it's vitally important
Dialogue: 0,0:38:00.52,0:38:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, uh, nowadays, these technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:38:04.07,0:38:05.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really sit at the core of our culture
Dialogue: 0,0:38:05.95,0:38:07.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the way that we \Ncommunicate with one another.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:07.75,0:38:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[long silence]
Dialogue: 0,0:38:12.14,0:38:14.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Josh [wondering if he should speak next]: ...Me?
Dialogue: 0,0:38:14.68,0:38:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Josh laughs silently]
Dialogue: 0,0:38:16.48,0:38:18.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Josh: I'll just add one thing real quickly -
Dialogue: 0,0:38:18.91,0:38:20.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I think that we're at an interesting moment
Dialogue: 0,0:38:20.94,0:38:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where so many of us acknowledge the importance of the Internet and the Web,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:28.35,0:38:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the impact that it's had on every aspect of our culture,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:33.62,0:38:34.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and because of that,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:38:34.77,0:38:41.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we as the {\i1}users{\i0} of the Web,\Nand of the Internet, have a duty
Dialogue: 0,0:38:41.24,0:38:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hold governments around the world and companies around the world {\i1}accountable{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:38:49.98,0:38:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to urge them and pressure them
Dialogue: 0,0:38:54.88,0:39:01.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to protect the openness that lies at the core of this entire thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:01.93,0:39:04.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to protect, not just openness, but
Dialogue: 0,0:39:04.69,0:39:06.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also this notion of a Commons.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:06.93,0:39:10.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's - in our opinion - quickly being lost.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:10.100,0:39:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This notion that the Internet, and the Web,\Nare publicly owned,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:17.46,0:39:20.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that the activity that takes place on them
Dialogue: 0,0:39:20.90,0:39:22.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is activity that {\i1}we{\i0} undertake
Dialogue: 0,0:39:22.99,0:39:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is {\i1}ours{\i0}.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:25.28,0:39:30.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is {\i1}not{\i0} the domain of the big companies' platforms.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:30.05,0:39:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}We{\i0} undertake the activity.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:31.42,0:39:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:33.48,0:39:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Google has allowed us to do a lot of things.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:35.63,0:39:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Google allows us to find a lot of information extremely quickly,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:39.46,0:39:41.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to connect to each other extremely well,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:41.85,0:39:43.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to use Google Hangouts as we're doing right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:43.93,0:39:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Google's doing all of this at the -
Dialogue: 0,0:39:47.38,0:39:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- while mining the data that we give it,\Nselling off that data -
Dialogue: 0,0:39:51.38,0:39:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- that data is also creating this historical record
Dialogue: 0,0:39:55.38,0:39:57.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,\Nof everything that we search for\Nand say online,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:57.78,0:39:59.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which as we know, \Ncan be exploited by governments,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:59.51,0:40:00.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- but also by companies -
Dialogue: 0,0:40:00.95,0:40:03.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so I think it's time for us to think about that relationship
Dialogue: 0,0:40:03.99,0:40:05.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between us and these big companies,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:05.66,0:40:10.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is becoming the central part of our online experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:10.49,0:40:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how can we decentralize that?
Dialogue: 0,0:40:13.36,0:40:17.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can we decouple ourselves from these giant companies
Dialogue: 0,0:40:17.17,0:40:18.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and take {\i1}back{\i0} a portion of the Web
Dialogue: 0,0:40:18.91,0:40:22.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we {\i1}own{\i0} this experience in a deeper way
Dialogue: 0,0:40:22.47,0:40:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's not experienced as purely commercial,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:26.26,0:40:28.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a commercial transaction between us an a big company.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:28.91,0:40:30.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's a big question,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:30.59,0:40:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's going to take years to unravel it, to find solutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:32.52,0:40:35.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we're hoping that we can start that conversation now.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:35.59,0:40:42.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[long silence]
Dialogue: 0,0:40:42.76,0:40:49.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Renata: Well, now I will go back to something that Jeremy said.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:49.19,0:40:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was about him being stopped in the border, the Canadian border
Dialogue: 0,0:40:53.94,0:40:56.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of "hacker."
Dialogue: 0,0:40:56.27,0:40:59.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what I want to talk about is that,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:59.85,0:41:01.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the end of the day, there's, ah -
Dialogue: 0,0:41:01.55,0:41:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we reduce the number of people who can actually,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:06.56,0:41:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in some countries, not {\i1}control{\i0} the internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:10.02,0:41:17.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but understand the infrastructure, and use it in a way that they can increase public good.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:17.26,0:41:20.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they can help people in extreme situations.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:20.10,0:41:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of these people is my friend \NBassel Khartabil -
Dialogue: 0,0:41:25.44,0:41:29.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[fondly] Bassel, Bassel {\i1}is{\i0} the internet. \NBasically.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:29.46,0:41:34.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Basel is a Palestinian-Syrian activist,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:34.41,0:41:36.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he's an activist of Greek culture,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:36.71,0:41:38.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he's a global citizen, you know?
Dialogue: 0,0:41:38.43,0:41:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's not super nationalistic, he, he,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:42.22,0:41:44.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he has traveled a lot, extensively,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:44.22,0:41:46.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he has friends all over the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:46.72,0:41:52.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he likes to spend time learning how things work, how things operate,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:52.32,0:41:55.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so he's very good with computers -
Dialogue: 0,0:41:55.53,0:42:02.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he learned himself how to code, \Nthanks to his uncle -
Dialogue: 0,0:42:02.42,0:42:05.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He knows a lot about hardware as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:05.72,0:42:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he knows a lot about\NGreek culture and design.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:09.44,0:42:16.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so during his travels he saw all these wonderful things happening
Dialogue: 0,0:42:16.03,0:42:18.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so he decided, with a group of friends,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:18.41,0:42:21.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create a hackerspace in Damascus
Dialogue: 0,0:42:21.25,0:42:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know how translation works,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:23.26,0:42:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but apparently "hacker-space" was a very scary word for the Syrian intelligence services,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:31.60,0:42:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they saw it as a threat -
Dialogue: 0,0:42:34.12,0:42:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, people in power view technology as a {\i1}threat{\i0} to their plan to control people.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:40.46,0:42:46.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So on the 15th of December, two years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:46.36,0:42:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the hackerspace was raided...
Dialogue: 0,0:42:48.80,0:42:50.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the computers were taken away,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:50.79,0:42:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the things were dismantled -
Dialogue: 0,0:42:52.62,0:42:58.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- can you imagine one of these Syrian police looking at the 3D printer, oh my god,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:58.77,0:43:02.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[derisively] probably thought they were like nuclear weapons, or something like that -
Dialogue: 0,0:43:02.81,0:43:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, sadly, he has been away, he has been in prison.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:07.34,0:43:14.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was in a very, very bad prison, subject to torture treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:14.83,0:43:19.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then he was - thanks to the advocacy of thousands of people,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:19.22,0:43:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was re-transferred back to the civilian prison.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:23.50,0:43:29.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which, you can imagine, how, even if it's a civilian prison, how this prison looks like.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:29.47,0:43:36.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, it is... the conditions get bad to worse as time goes by,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:36.72,0:43:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the Syrian government runs out of resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:40.98,0:43:46.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The {\i1}last{\i0} people they will feed, the {\i1}last{\i0} people they will take care of, are the prisoners.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:46.53,0:43:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On top of that, Bassel, he has a health condition...
Dialogue: 0,0:43:50.98,0:43:52.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is {\i1}all{\i0} really sad.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:52.90,0:43:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, what we have been trying to do during these two years
Dialogue: 0,0:43:58.54,0:44:00.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to keep him peaceful.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:00.26,0:44:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to keep reminding him that we haven't forgotten
Dialogue: 0,0:44:03.54,0:44:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to keep reminding him that we embrace the values that he embraces.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:08.72,0:44:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we support the causes that he supports.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:13.12,0:44:19.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, instead of, you know, just being sad,\Nand doing nothing,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:19.51,0:44:21.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are a doing a Free Bassel Day.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:21.63,0:44:23.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the 15th of March.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:23.09,0:44:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, some things are already starting today!
Dialogue: 0,0:44:25.80,0:44:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we want is, ah, joint action -
Dialogue: 0,0:44:29.28,0:44:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- doing things, doing anything you can do to remember Bassel.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:34.11,0:44:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And not only Bassel. To remember {\i1}Syria.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:44:37.60,0:44:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it seems that because of the news,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:39.76,0:44:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we just, we don't hear about Syria anymore!
Dialogue: 0,0:44:43.98,0:44:49.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, it's like, it is on, you know, in the parking lot,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:49.74,0:44:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if we have some time, we go, "oh, okay, something is going badly there."
Dialogue: 0,0:44:54.66,0:44:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, uh, we seem to have forgotten about all the suffering.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:58.00,0:45:01.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And together with Bassel there are
Dialogue: 0,0:45:01.06,0:45:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lots of system administrators, computer experts, and hackers who are in prison,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:07.46,0:45:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sometimes we only care about journalists!
Dialogue: 0,0:45:09.68,0:45:14.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, you know, there's {\i1}lots{\i0} of people, valuable people for the future of Syria,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:14.75,0:45:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are in prison now, \Nwho need our solidarity.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:19.38,0:45:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would also like to... if you live in a country which has received Syrian refugees,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:25.72,0:45:27.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,please show your solidarity.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:27.79,0:45:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know that sharing your computer might not sound appealing,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:31.52,0:45:36.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but maybe crowdfunding and giving a computer with internet access to this refugee camp
Dialogue: 0,0:45:36.94,0:45:40.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they can stay in touch with their relatives abroad...?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:40.45,0:45:45.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe doing a short talk or short gathering near them...?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:45.60,0:45:49.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that those are good ways to help Bassel.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:49.49,0:45:53.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because that's what Bassel probably would be doing if he was free.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:53.49,0:45:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my appeal is that - to not forget Syria, to not forget Bassel.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:58.37,0:46:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The free internet is a free internet with free Bassel and free Syria!
Dialogue: 0,0:46:03.09,0:46:06.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's - [laughingly] - the Web I want, actually!
Dialogue: 0,0:46:06.78,0:46:08.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellery: That is the Web she wants!
Dialogue: 0,0:46:08.89,0:46:10.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellery: The Web {\i1}many{\i0} of us want.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:10.12,0:46:12.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, there's a lot of work to do,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:12.49,0:46:18.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are lots of ways to get involved,\Nas we've heard about.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:18.35,0:46:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you, everybody, {\i1}so{\i0} much
Dialogue: 0,0:46:20.52,0:46:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for coming on today,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:23.42,0:46:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, umm, we hope to see everybody here and out there, next week on GV Face!
Dialogue: 0,0:46:31.35,0:46:33.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks so much!