0:00:00.240,0:00:08.469
RC3-Music
0:00:08.469,0:00:15.139
Herald: So our next speaker is Rick Panin[br]with his talk vapor phase, soldiering with
0:00:15.139,0:00:20.340
the deep fryer. So Rick has been doing[br]hardware design design for some time now.
0:00:20.340,0:00:25.060
He actually considers himself a full stack[br]developer from the hardware world. So
0:00:25.060,0:00:30.289
basically going from software to hardware,[br]it's everything from doing circuits to
0:00:30.289,0:00:35.760
firmware development on embedded Linux. He[br]usually does his stuff in small series
0:00:35.760,0:00:42.949
production in order to be able to give out[br]some of the samples to the community where
0:00:42.949,0:00:48.750
he's also been spending a bunch of time.[br]He's trying to slowly move the process of
0:00:48.750,0:00:55.629
being able to do as much as possible in-[br]house. And this talk is a result of that
0:00:55.629,0:01:01.519
process. Please give a great round of[br]applause, at least at home to Rick Panin.
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Thank you.
0:01:06.070,0:01:11.950
Rick: Hi, welcome to my talk "Vapour phase[br]soldering with a deep fryer". In this
0:01:11.950,0:01:17.750
talk, I first explain the reflow process[br]in detail and then I'll show you how
0:01:17.750,0:01:24.630
vapour phase soldering works and how to do[br]it with a cheap, deep fryer. Reflow
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soldering basically consists of three[br]steps. First, you apply some solder paste
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to a circuit board. Then you place your[br]components onto the solder paste, and
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finally, you apply some heat to do the[br]extra soldering. For that, you need some
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solder paste, solder paste comes in 100[br]thousand varieties. Most of them have as
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different melting points and different[br]ingredients, but the common lead-free
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paste that you use these days melt about[br]210 to 225 degrees Celsius. And the
0:02:07.429,0:02:14.000
majority of the solder paste has a limited[br]shelf life and has to be kept in a fridge
0:02:14.000,0:02:21.810
if you're not using it. So for home use, I[br]would recommend using the solder paste
0:02:21.810,0:02:28.660
that comes in syringes because it's a[br]lesser amount and it probably won't go bad
0:02:28.660,0:02:34.970
unless you use a lot of solder paste.[br]Also, it's a bit easier to apply it.
0:02:34.970,0:02:42.140
All Solder paste comes with temperature[br]profile that tells you exactly how many
0:02:42.140,0:02:49.910
seconds you should ramp up the temperature[br]to a certain amount and then you have a
0:02:49.910,0:02:58.870
soaking phase where for several seconds[br]you keep the temperature at the same point
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and then for a very short amount of time,[br]you ramp up the temperature to the reflow
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phase. That's when the actual soldiering[br]happens and then you have to remove the
0:03:11.810,0:03:18.820
temperature to cool it down. For applying[br]the solder paste, there are two basic
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methods. The first one is a direct paste[br]application, so you can do that manually
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by just taking a syringe and applying a[br]small amount of solder paste to each pad
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where you want to put your SMD components.[br]Then the next step would be a modified CMC
0:03:42.430,0:03:50.850
mill or a 3D printer where you put in a[br]solder paste syringe as a tool head and
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then load in your paste layer from your[br]electronics design software and the
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printer, then or the CMC mill[br]automatically applies the solder paste to
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the pads on the board. And for industrial[br]applications, there are also inkjet
0:04:12.240,0:04:21.010
printer like devices that apply the solder[br]paste automatically to PCBs. But these
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devices are very expensive and probably[br]not suitable for home use. For home users,
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I would recommend getting a stencil for[br]solder paste applications because stencil
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have become very cheap and the recent[br]years, and it's much simpler to apply the
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solder paste with the stencil than doing[br]it manually. So stencils can be used also
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in different ways. The simple and cheapest[br]one is just putting your boards on a desk
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and using some tape to apply your stencil[br]to it. So you position it over your board
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and then you fix it to your desk. And[br]after that, you use a rake to wipe your
0:05:14.689,0:05:23.490
solder paste to the board. I will show[br]that later in the demo. For home users, I
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would definitely recommend getting[br]frameless stencils when you order a
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stencil in your PCB house, you can always[br]you always have a checkbox where you can
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say, I want a frame or no frame. The first[br]time I ordered a stencil, I took the frame
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version and that looks like this. So you[br]get a gigantic thing and there in the
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middle, it's actually my ... can we see[br]it. Maybe like this. There are. This is
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the actual board and this is the stencil[br]on it has some, some aluminum framing
0:06:05.569,0:06:11.419
around it, and that's definitely very[br]expensive for shipping. So you'd rather
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want something like this. So a frameless[br]stencil that can be used very easily for
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the method where you just put it on your[br]desk. If you do a lot of the same boards,
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then there are stencil printers, manual[br]stencil printers. That's where you use the
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stencils with a frame. But these stencil[br]printers are not cheap, and I think the
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the tape on desk method is pretty simple[br]to use. So unless you make a batch
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production of boards, I would always just[br]get the frame, the stencil and do it on
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your desk. For industrial environments,[br]there are automatic stencil printers that
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have a conveyor belt pull in the PCB, do[br]all the positioning and then automatically
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apply the solder paste to the stencil.[br]After you have put the solder paste on
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your board, then you need to place your[br]components. Again, the cheapest way and
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what what most home users will do is just[br]take all the components manually with some
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tweezers and put it on your board because[br]of the way that reflow soldiering works.
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And you will see that later in the demo.[br]You don't have to position them too
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exactly because the surface tension of the[br]solder paste when it starts to melt will
0:07:53.970,0:08:02.450
pull the the components into position. So[br]you don't have to be too precise with
0:08:02.450,0:08:07.960
positioning, you shouldn't place it right[br]next to the footprint. But if if it's not
0:08:07.960,0:08:13.789
exactly where it should be, then this[br]should be resolved while in the reflow
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soldering process later. So I would always[br]be recommending getting some good
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tweezers. If you do the manual placement[br]and not using the two euro things from the
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DIY store because they will bend easily[br]and so some good tweezers really help the
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process. The next step would be a pick and[br]place machine that takes a file from your
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design program that has all the positions[br]of the components and the rotation that it
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needs after picking up the components from[br]a reel or from a tray, and then use this
0:09:00.130,0:09:08.740
little suction cups to to place the[br]components on the board. These have become
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a little bit cheaper in the recent years,[br]but it's quite a hassle to to program it
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for a lot of components. So unless you're[br]doing more than 20 boards or so, it's not
0:09:23.300,0:09:27.430
really worth getting a pick and place[br]machine and programing it and getting all
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of the rotation and and the pick up[br]correctly. So, yeah, for projects where
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you do one to five boards, always do the[br]manual placement and then in industrial
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environments, there are also these pick[br]and place machine like in the mill. But
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for very high volume production, there are[br]also machines called chipshooters that
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have a revolving turret that picks up[br]components and then shoot them to the PCB.
0:10:02.269,0:10:09.500
Once your components are placed on the[br]board, you will need to solder it. And the
0:10:09.500,0:10:16.069
cheapest method here is to use a hot air[br]gun. If you ever did this, you will know
0:10:16.069,0:10:23.389
that it's not as easy as it looks. So you[br]set your hot air gun to a temperature and
0:10:23.389,0:10:29.230
you set the airflow. And often, if you set[br]the airflow too high, then you blow your
0:10:29.230,0:10:34.290
components off the board. Or if you set[br]the temperature, you too high. You burn
0:10:34.290,0:10:39.680
some components or you de-solder stuff[br]that you don't want to de-solder on other
0:10:39.680,0:10:47.220
parts of the board. So it's mostly used if[br]you do replacement of single components.
0:10:47.220,0:10:54.930
So you want to rework a chip or replace[br]one or if you do really just a few
0:10:54.930,0:11:02.330
components, then this can also be the[br]method to use. But I'd always recommend if
0:11:02.330,0:11:08.829
you do that, then use some solder paste[br]that has a lower melting point. So I
0:11:08.829,0:11:15.630
listed one from ChipQuick here that I am[br]using for hot air reflowing and that melts
0:11:15.630,0:11:23.029
at just 135 degrees C, so that makes it[br]way easier to get the setting right on
0:11:23.029,0:11:33.319
your hot air gun. The next thing is using[br]a modified pizza oven, so you get a pizza
0:11:33.319,0:11:39.190
oven and you put some thermal couples into[br]it to have a good temperature measurement.
0:11:39.190,0:11:47.380
And then most hobby users add some[br]controller, for example, in arduino based
0:11:47.380,0:11:53.829
controller that then tries to keep the[br]temperature profile that you've seen on
0:11:53.829,0:12:01.839
the solder paste. That works well for some[br]stuff, but because some of these ovens
0:12:01.839,0:12:09.129
have these heating coils on the top, you[br]have to be really careful with the
0:12:09.129,0:12:13.860
placement of your PCB underneath it[br]because there are some spots that are
0:12:13.860,0:12:20.180
hotter and somewhat colder, and in[br]general, it's it's hard to get good
0:12:20.180,0:12:26.980
results with a pizza oven. Often you have[br]to add some some airflow to get a better
0:12:26.980,0:12:33.850
distribution of the temperature. Sometimes[br]it's hard to ramp up the temperature fast
0:12:33.850,0:12:41.620
enough, and it's kind of a hassle. So I[br]also use this method, and that's why I
0:12:41.620,0:12:45.639
switched to vapour phase soldering,[br]because that's the process that is much
0:12:45.639,0:12:54.890
easier to control at home. In industrial[br]environments, you have large reflow ovens
0:12:54.890,0:12:59.120
that have different zones with different[br]temperature, and then you have a conveyor
0:12:59.120,0:13:06.209
belt and your PCB goes on this conveyor[br]belt through the oven and through the
0:13:06.209,0:13:12.530
different zones and then by just adjusting[br]the speed of the conveyor. It's very easy
0:13:12.530,0:13:22.410
to control the heat that is applied to the[br]board. Instead of using an oven for reflow
0:13:22.410,0:13:30.790
soldering, you can also use vapor phase[br]solder. And that's a very simple concept
0:13:30.790,0:13:37.149
that has been around since the 1970s. That[br]works by using a phase chamber with a
0:13:37.149,0:13:44.220
heater on the bottom phase chambers just[br]as sophisticated word for cooking pot. So,
0:13:44.220,0:13:51.129
yeah, just like a cooking pot, you have[br]some kind of container and underneath it
0:13:51.129,0:13:56.220
you have a heat source and then inside of[br]the container you have a liquid called
0:13:56.220,0:14:05.959
Galden. Galden is liquid plastic that has[br]some very unique properties. So the most
0:14:05.959,0:14:12.910
important one is that it has a boiling[br]temperature of about 200 degrees. So there
0:14:12.910,0:14:20.470
is Galden for different temperatures, just[br]like solder paste. So there's one that
0:14:20.470,0:14:32.800
evaporates at 170 degrees, and some that[br]evaporates up to 260 degrees. And now,
0:14:32.800,0:14:38.670
when you apply heat to this Galden, at[br]some point it begins to boil and then it
0:14:38.670,0:14:46.930
forms a vapor that is heavier than air, so[br]it stays at the bottom of this chamber.
0:14:46.930,0:14:54.740
And that way, you'll have a low[br]temperature on the top of the chamber and
0:14:54.740,0:15:01.259
a higher temperature on the bottom of the[br]chamber, and the temperature will be
0:15:01.259,0:15:08.840
exactly the boiling temperature of the[br]Galden. So it's just like with water. If
0:15:08.840,0:15:16.470
you cook water, then you get water vapor.[br]And unless you put it under pressure, the
0:15:16.470,0:15:22.569
water vapor will have exactly 100 degrees[br]and not more. And that's just like with
0:15:22.569,0:15:30.290
the Galden vapor that if you have gotten[br]that is has a boiling point of 230
0:15:30.290,0:15:38.779
degrees, then the vapor will have exactly[br]230 degrees. And unless all the Galden in
0:15:38.779,0:15:45.249
the phase chamber has evaporated, nothing[br]will change. So you can never get it to a
0:15:45.249,0:15:53.910
high temperature. And in most of these[br]chambers, for vapor phase soldering, you
0:15:53.910,0:16:00.670
also have a cooling system on the top. So[br]because the Galden is pretty expensive,
0:16:00.670,0:16:08.660
you don't want to lose any of it. Now, if[br]you put a PCB in this chamber and slowly
0:16:08.660,0:16:18.149
lower it into the vapor, then the[br]temperature on the PCB will slowly rise to
0:16:18.149,0:16:28.209
the Galden boiling temperature. And as[br]this Galden vapor condensates on the parts
0:16:28.209,0:16:34.430
of the PCB and it does it everywhere where[br]the vapor attaches to the PCB, then it
0:16:34.430,0:16:39.440
will very evenly heat up all the[br]components and also the solder paste on
0:16:39.440,0:16:46.350
the PCB to exactly the Galden's boiling[br]temperature. And that way, you have a
0:16:46.350,0:16:51.399
process that's very easy to control[br]because it's not really possible to
0:16:51.399,0:16:58.629
overheat your components, or the solder[br]paste. So by timing the lowering and the
0:16:58.629,0:17:05.810
lifting of the PCB into the vapor, you can[br]very nicely follow the temperature profile
0:17:05.810,0:17:12.230
of your soldering paste. One drawback of[br]this process is that the Galden is very
0:17:12.230,0:17:19.900
expensive. So, if you have a large[br]industrial vapor phase reflow oven, you
0:17:19.900,0:17:27.069
need some liters of it. And as you see,[br]five liters costs about a thousand
0:17:27.069,0:17:33.910
dollars. But for the process I'm showing[br]now with the small deep fryer, you just
0:17:33.910,0:17:41.549
need a very small amount. So I use about[br]250 ml, and at least in Europe, you can
0:17:41.549,0:17:53.580
get 400 milliliters of the 230 degree[br]Galden at Beta Layout for €88. So for the
0:17:53.580,0:17:58.570
deep fryer vapour phase soldering, you[br]need to buy a deep fryer for about 100
0:17:58.570,0:18:05.290
euros and Galden in for 90 euros, so the[br]whole process can be done for under 200
0:18:05.290,0:18:11.220
euros. And if you're worried about the[br]safety, Galden this actually very safe
0:18:11.220,0:18:17.110
because it's basically inert. So it's no[br]problem if you breathe in the vapor or if
0:18:17.110,0:18:23.390
you even swallow it the. The Safety[br]instructions that come with the Galden say
0:18:23.390,0:18:27.580
if you breathe it in, then you should go[br]outside and take two or three deep
0:18:27.580,0:18:32.570
breaths. And if you swallow it, you should[br]drink two glasses of water. In an
0:18:32.570,0:18:39.830
industrial environment, you have these[br]large vapor phase machines that also use
0:18:39.830,0:18:48.809
the conveyor belt and automate the whole[br]process. And these are very expensive, but
0:18:48.809,0:18:54.200
for lab use and prototyping. There are[br]these smaller machines that also cost a
0:18:54.200,0:19:01.570
couple of thousand euros, but they are[br]basically a container with a heater on the
0:19:01.570,0:19:07.870
bottom, a temperature probe and some kind[br]of controller. And these are exactly the
0:19:07.870,0:19:12.770
same as deep fryers. So deep fryers also[br]have some kind of heating coil at the
0:19:12.770,0:19:19.520
bottom, and they have the controller and[br]somewhere there's a temperature probe to
0:19:19.520,0:19:25.730
keep the temperature that you set on the[br]controller. And I've looked at lots of
0:19:25.730,0:19:33.690
these devices, and finally, I found one[br]that fits very good to my use case and the
0:19:33.690,0:19:42.080
size of the boards that I'm usually making[br]and that that is a WMF mini fryer. It is
0:19:42.080,0:19:51.630
quite small and it has a lid that is[br]sealed, so there's not much vapor escaping
0:19:51.630,0:19:59.540
and a very nice thing, is that when the[br]lid is closed by turning the handle, you
0:19:59.540,0:20:10.460
can lower and lift the basket inside. It[br]has a container that can be taken out.
0:20:10.460,0:20:15.841
That is quite flat on the bottom. And that[br]is also important because if you have the
0:20:15.841,0:20:23.799
heating coils inside of the container, you[br]need a lot of the expensive Galden to put
0:20:23.799,0:20:31.010
that much in it, that it's that it fills[br]it up to cover the heating rods. And
0:20:31.010,0:20:39.260
because of the heating rod here is in the[br]bottom, that's you just need to about 250
0:20:39.260,0:20:46.370
millimeters. So the whole bottom is[br]covered with Galden. The temperature
0:20:46.370,0:20:57.840
sensor in this device is just at the point[br]where the if you put in cooking oil, then
0:20:57.840,0:21:06.090
it's just where the lower level indicator[br]is on the container and the temperature
0:21:06.090,0:21:10.970
sensor is basically outside, and it[br]measures the temperature of the container
0:21:10.970,0:21:18.100
at a certain height. When we're using this[br]for a vapor phase soldering this
0:21:18.100,0:21:22.180
temperature sensor will be above the[br]liquid, which is pretty nice because it
0:21:22.180,0:21:30.739
will basically measure the temperature of[br]the vapor and not of the liquid. The only
0:21:30.739,0:21:38.270
drawback is that it can just be set to one[br]hundred and ninety degrees and not more,
0:21:38.270,0:21:46.010
which is, I think, kind of due to the fact[br]that you shouldn't try something like
0:21:46.010,0:21:51.600
potatoes with a higher temperature because[br]there can be some cancerous stuff
0:21:51.600,0:21:58.779
developing if you fry it with too much[br]heat. But that's no problem for vapor
0:21:58.779,0:22:04.770
phase soldiering. So we have to somehow[br]modify it that we can turn the temperature
0:22:04.770,0:22:13.820
higher. Fortunately, this device doesn't[br]have any electronics. It's all pretty
0:22:13.820,0:22:21.609
discreet. So it has the temperature probe[br]and that has a certain resistance. And
0:22:21.609,0:22:27.730
then you have the knob in front where you[br]set the temperature and you. That's also
0:22:27.730,0:22:32.110
just a potential meter where you set a[br]resistance and then it just compares the
0:22:32.110,0:22:39.490
resistance of the temperature probe to the[br]resistance that you set on this potential
0:22:39.490,0:22:48.549
meter. And if it's higher, it switches off[br]the heater. So the you would just have to
0:22:48.549,0:22:55.520
turn the knob a little bit further than[br]you can to have a higher temperature range
0:22:55.520,0:23:02.669
on that device, and you can do that by[br]opening up the button. And then there's a
0:23:02.669,0:23:09.230
little metal piece that stops the[br]potential meter from turning too far. You
0:23:09.230,0:23:14.980
can take a screwdriver and bend that up a[br]bit, and I guess it works the same for all
0:23:14.980,0:23:19.510
of the cheap deep fryers on the market.[br]And so they should be all basically the
0:23:19.510,0:23:28.340
same and just have a mechanical limiter[br]that can be removed. So you you bend up
0:23:28.340,0:23:34.770
this metal piece and then you screw the[br]bottom part back on. And then there's the
0:23:34.770,0:23:41.059
second limiter that you see when you take[br]off the knob on the front. There's a
0:23:41.059,0:23:48.779
little plastic part that also stops the[br]knob from turning to fall. So just take a
0:23:48.779,0:23:55.240
sharp knife and cut away that plastic[br]part, and then you can turn the knob as
0:23:55.240,0:24:01.730
far as you want. To prevent too much of[br]the precious Galden to escape through the
0:24:01.730,0:24:10.429
lid, we also need to add some cooling. I[br]just used an old PC cooler that I found
0:24:10.429,0:24:17.750
somewhere in my basement. I also wanted to[br]add water cooler at some point and looked
0:24:17.750,0:24:24.620
at some water coolers for graphics cards.[br]But the ones I found were too expensive or
0:24:24.620,0:24:29.990
not really available or not really[br]fitting. But I'm still looking to add
0:24:29.990,0:24:40.630
that, and then probably I would lose even[br]less Galden through the lid. So now let me
0:24:40.630,0:24:50.920
show you how that all works. Here, I[br]prepared the board and gluing it with some
0:24:50.920,0:24:58.590
double sided tape onto my desk and at some[br]some old boards around it, the upper one I
0:24:58.590,0:25:09.029
also glued to the board. Then I put the[br]stencil on it, taped it onto the other
0:25:09.029,0:25:16.329
board and used again and old board to rake[br]the solder paste over it. And as you can
0:25:16.329,0:25:23.320
see, that works pretty nicely. So it's not[br]that hard to use a total paste. No, I'm
0:25:23.320,0:25:30.850
putting some components to the bottom and[br]I have attached temperature probe to the
0:25:30.850,0:25:37.550
basket. You don't really need that. It's[br]just for this demo to show to show how it
0:25:37.550,0:25:42.739
works. The temperature probe is not[br]working really well, so it's not 30
0:25:42.739,0:25:49.460
degrees where I'm doing this. It's plus[br]minus 10 degrees. I think it was damaged
0:25:49.460,0:25:54.940
at some point. So you make sure that this[br]enough Galden, that the whole bottom of
0:25:54.940,0:26:01.700
the container is covered with it. Then you[br]put your basket with your board on it and
0:26:01.700,0:26:11.090
switch on the deep fryer. So I put it to[br]about where 210 degrees would be if it
0:26:11.090,0:26:17.480
would be on the scale. And then it takes[br]about three to four minutes until some
0:26:17.480,0:26:26.840
vapor is forming on the top of the PCB.[br]Here I waited a bit too long because I had
0:26:26.840,0:26:33.149
to it figure how to handle the camera. So,[br]you see, it's already starting to solder.
0:26:33.149,0:26:39.000
So I should have known it much sooner. But[br]now, I'm lowering it. And as we can see,
0:26:39.000,0:26:45.180
the temperature is rising quickly to where[br]it should be. And here you see through the
0:26:45.180,0:26:51.500
glass how the solder works and how the[br]components are pulled into place by the
0:26:51.500,0:26:58.559
surface tension of the solder paste. And[br]yeah, you can just watch it through this
0:26:58.559,0:27:06.870
window and see when everything is nice and[br]shiny and everything is soldered. And then
0:27:06.870,0:27:15.490
you switch off the deep fryer, raise the[br]basket again and wait for a few minutes
0:27:15.490,0:27:22.740
for it to cool down. I didn't wait long[br]enough. So you see this some vapor
0:27:22.740,0:27:28.800
escaping. It's not dangerous, but it's[br]expensive, so you should maybe wait a bit
0:27:28.800,0:27:32.769
longer. And now you see we have a nicely[br]soldered board.
0:27:32.769,0:27:41.220
Herald: Thank you so much, Rick. I think[br]it's really cool, like reducing the
0:27:41.220,0:27:46.480
friction in this entire process. I think[br]it's important to keep make sure that it's
0:27:46.480,0:27:50.940
possible to like innovate with like low[br]amounts of resources because as we've seen
0:27:50.940,0:27:54.660
before with the community, like, that's[br]really something that drives things
0:27:54.660,0:28:01.519
forward. So questions and I was actually[br]thinking about something myself like this
0:28:01.519,0:28:06.650
entire process. Like what has been one of[br]the biggest obstacles? Because like
0:28:06.650,0:28:11.080
watching the talk, it seems like you've[br]really overcome everything among the way
0:28:11.080,0:28:15.049
when there was a little itch or something[br]like what has actually proved to have been
0:28:15.049,0:28:17.220
a problem because I guess there must have[br]been something .
0:28:17.220,0:28:27.980
Rick: The biggest problem was finding the[br]right deep fryer. So I, yeah, I ordered I
0:28:27.980,0:28:34.860
think about three different ones and now[br]every now and then, I'm using my browser.
0:28:34.860,0:28:40.779
I get some advertisements for kitchen[br]appliance and that would last for some
0:28:40.779,0:28:47.560
time. But yeah, finding one that can be[br]modified easily. And that has this this
0:28:47.560,0:28:57.010
flat bottom. So yeah, I had ordered a lot[br]of them and send them back. But finding
0:28:57.010,0:29:00.990
the right ones and then the process is[br]pretty easy once you have the right one.
0:29:00.990,0:29:03.720
Also, the modification takes just a few[br]minutes.
0:29:03.720,0:29:10.570
Herald: Sounds a lot like trial and error[br]and that part. I mean, it's awesome that
0:29:10.570,0:29:14.900
it worked out and I guess I guess like[br]it's just part of the process with like
0:29:14.900,0:29:20.600
the advertising stuff.[br]Rick: So, yeah, if you if you do something
0:29:20.600,0:29:26.810
like that and want to misuse of pot and[br]then use a private browser, chat for that
0:29:26.810,0:29:31.210
because I'm not really interested in[br]kitchen appliances. But the algorithm
0:29:31.210,0:29:38.529
doesn't know that.[br]Herald: That's that's great. Yeah, just
0:29:38.529,0:29:46.130
just. And now we will be taking the[br]questions that have come in through the
0:29:46.130,0:29:53.190
internet. And so one person is asking, So[br]if the Galden is 230 degrees, can it be?
0:29:53.190,0:29:58.440
Can the solder be lead-free? The solder[br]paste, basically.
0:29:58.440,0:30:06.330
Rick: Yeah, yeah, I'm using lead-free[br]solder, Yeah, it doesn't make sense to use
0:30:06.330,0:30:12.530
leaded solder with with this process[br]because it works just fine. I know a lot
0:30:12.530,0:30:17.950
of people who who do who use the pizza[br]oven method, all the cheap Chinese reflow
0:30:17.950,0:30:23.680
oven they use that as solder paste just[br]because it's easier to get the lower
0:30:23.680,0:30:30.250
temperature right. But for this, it really[br]doesn't matter. So it works great. This is
0:30:30.250,0:30:34.899
leaded solder paste. And also in the demo,[br]I used to lead-free solder paste.
0:30:34.899,0:30:40.889
Herald: That's awesome, I think that was[br]an important thing to to to be able to
0:30:40.889,0:30:45.600
have to figure out. So another person is[br]asking So with the discussion about
0:30:45.600,0:30:50.529
fluorinated chemicals, is there a need to[br]revisit the safety classification of the
0:30:50.529,0:30:58.429
Galden or like, is that fine?[br]Rick: I think so. So you're really using
0:30:58.429,0:31:04.850
just a little of it and there is as long[br]as you don't heat it up too much, it's
0:31:04.850,0:31:12.000
completely safe. If if you would manage to[br]somehow heat up the gun above 290 degrees,
0:31:12.000,0:31:20.020
it would break down and there would be[br]some hydrochloric acid coming out of it.
0:31:20.020,0:31:24.769
That would be very, very bad. But so so[br]you have to make really sure that you have
0:31:24.769,0:31:28.760
enough Galden in it because the only way[br]that that could happen, that you heat up
0:31:28.760,0:31:34.299
the vapor to too much, I think, would be[br]to put too little in it. If it's just a
0:31:34.299,0:31:38.889
very little bit in it, it could be that[br]the bottom gets too hot and then it could
0:31:38.889,0:31:46.080
break down. But you really it's hard to to[br]get the vapor above 290 degrees if it's
0:31:46.080,0:31:52.409
not under pressure or anything. So I think[br]it's pretty safe and it lasts very long.
0:31:52.409,0:31:56.890
So I probably I bought this 400[br]milliliters and it probably will last
0:31:56.890,0:32:05.409
forever. From time to time, there's some[br]residue in the in the Galden, but you can
0:32:05.409,0:32:10.169
just run it through a coffee filter and[br]then it's fine again. So it's you're not
0:32:10.169,0:32:14.909
really using it up. It's it's just like a[br]tool and then it will last a very long
0:32:14.909,0:32:18.980
time.[br]Herald: So I and extending and the last
0:32:18.980,0:32:22.450
thing, so someone who is a bit freaked out[br]with chemicals and stuff like that, for
0:32:22.450,0:32:26.870
instance, me like, how do you actually go[br]about it? Like, what's the absolute worst
0:32:26.870,0:32:30.159
thing that could happen?[br]Rick: The worst thing is the hydrochloric
0:32:30.159,0:32:35.830
acid forming when when you get it too hot.[br]So it's something so I would recommend to.
0:32:35.830,0:32:42.809
If you do that, do that outside. Take all[br]the precautions use safety goggles, use,
0:32:42.809,0:32:49.660
use gloves and maybe also use your FFP2[br]mask if you're if you're really afraid of
0:32:49.660,0:32:54.830
it. And then if you if you do it outside[br]and and never look away, if if Y-, they're
0:32:54.830,0:33:00.240
using it. So if you're done using it or if[br]you walk away from it, disconnected from
0:33:00.240,0:33:06.230
the power. And yeah, as with everything.[br]So so it's really hot when you don't want
0:33:06.230,0:33:12.380
something that's 230 degrees on your on[br]your hands. So. So just don't be stupid.
0:33:12.380,0:33:18.530
Herald: Sounds like a sane precaution.[br]Rick: But the government is actually. So
0:33:18.530,0:33:23.710
if you have seen the film The Abyss, it's[br]it's an old science fiction movie where
0:33:23.710,0:33:29.299
they are underwater and they are breathing[br]in a liquid. Was that his oxygen in it to
0:33:29.299,0:33:33.760
go deeper? And that is actually the same[br]stuff. And there are. You can find
0:33:33.760,0:33:38.960
pictures on the internet where they have[br]rats in and in small (glasses) with the
0:33:38.960,0:33:45.330
stuff in it, and they're breathing it. And[br]so it's really, yeah, unless you make it
0:33:45.330,0:33:48.350
too hot, it's really inert and it doesn't[br]react with anything.
0:33:48.350,0:33:53.010
Herald: I'll refrain from asking you how[br]the movie ends.
0:33:53.010,0:34:00.960
Rick: I think there is a lot that I think[br]I've seen it, but
0:34:00.960,0:34:08.910
Herald: No worries. The next question is[br]do you need to do you need to remove the
0:34:08.910,0:34:12.870
condensed Galden vapour from the[br]components or how does that work?
0:34:12.870,0:34:22.220
Rick: Um, there's actually very little on[br]it. So they feel dry. So I don't I don't
0:34:22.220,0:34:29.010
clean the boards afterwards. I think I[br]think that's fine and there's not really
0:34:29.010,0:34:34.869
much left. So, yeah, the stuff condensing[br]on it. But I think most of it drops down
0:34:34.869,0:34:40.050
and they're not wet to the touch yourself.[br]So, yeah, I don't I don't clean the boards
0:34:40.050,0:34:43.770
afterwards.[br]Herald: OK. I think it's good in these
0:34:43.770,0:34:47.389
kinds of situations to like, figure out[br]what someone who's a bit more experienced
0:34:47.389,0:34:54.159
or very more experienced like yourself[br]basically handles and doesn't that kind of
0:34:54.159,0:35:00.780
situation. So one of the next questions is[br]that if whether you have checked, if the
0:35:00.780,0:35:05.050
plastic can safely be heated to 250[br]degrees and I think they're basically
0:35:05.050,0:35:10.950
referring to the deep fryer here,[br]Rick: oh, that's that's all on. There are
0:35:10.950,0:35:18.350
some plastic parts, but the container is[br]this metal and there there is on the top
0:35:18.350,0:35:24.040
lid there are some plastic parts. I've[br]made some experiments first and nothing
0:35:24.040,0:35:30.470
melted. But yeah, I have to see you see[br]what happens. I've used it, I don't know,
0:35:30.470,0:35:37.619
10 or 20 times, and it's fine until now.[br]But yeah, yeah, probably. This device is
0:35:37.619,0:35:42.180
not made for that kind of heat, but it's[br]made for 190 degrees and up 230 is not too
0:35:42.180,0:35:49.890
far from that. So until now, it (keeps) up[br]nicely. But again, it's a hack it's not
0:35:49.890,0:35:56.960
really, really made for this. For me, it[br]works fine, but you have to be careful if
0:35:56.960,0:36:04.230
you try it out yourself.[br]Herald: Cool. Thank you. I will just check
0:36:04.230,0:36:09.100
if there are any like last under falling[br]or real questions, I don't know how you
0:36:09.100,0:36:13.770
say that in English. And I think that was[br]actually everything for now. So as I said
0:36:13.770,0:36:17.500
previously Rick, like, thank you so much.[br]It's it's really great, especially
0:36:17.500,0:36:22.810
considering that as the more you can take[br]in at home, the easier and faster this
0:36:22.810,0:36:27.220
process will be and basically also lower[br]the cost. And like I at least personally
0:36:27.220,0:36:32.640
feel that that's very important. So I want[br]to say thank you. And I think that the
0:36:32.640,0:36:36.790
audience agrees with me. So thanks a lot.[br]OK,
0:36:36.790,0:36:40.599
Rick: Then. Yeah, have fun soloing at[br]home.
0:36:40.599,0:36:51.850
Herald: We will. Thanks. Bye[br]Rick:bye
0:36:51.850,0:37:00.970
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