0:00:07.209,0:00:08.710
Are you excited or not?

0:00:08.734,0:00:10.609
(Audience) Yes.

0:00:10.610,0:00:12.991
I try again, are you excited or not?

0:00:12.992,0:00:15.417
(Audience) Yes.

0:00:15.418,0:00:17.156
You seem really excited, now.

0:00:17.157,0:00:19.608
Here is a picture for you to cool down.

0:00:19.609,0:00:22.115
Don't laugh; this is where I grew up.

0:00:22.116,0:00:24.040
OK, I am leaving!

0:00:24.580,0:00:30.350
I grew up there, I have[br]a very exciting life, in a council flat,

0:00:30.351,0:00:32.409
and my grand mother lived[br]on the 11th floor,

0:00:32.409,0:00:34.644
you will be cleverer[br]when going to bed tonight,

0:00:34.645,0:00:38.376
you did not expect to learn[br]that from a TEDx, I suppose.

0:00:38.377,0:00:40.082
This, you will never forget,

0:00:40.083,0:00:43.491
Idriss Aberkane's grandmother[br]lived on the 11th floor of this block.

0:00:43.492,0:00:44.819
Why do I show this to you?

0:00:44.820,0:00:48.107
Because I am actually convinced[br]that in the world that surrounds us,

0:00:48.108,0:00:53.039
all the objects we create[br]and that surround us can speak,

0:00:53.432,0:00:55.429
we can ask them why they are there.

0:00:55.430,0:00:59.367
All the objects we created, which are part[br]of our daily life, our environment

0:00:59.368,0:01:03.630
can be asked, "Little object,[br]little product, little service,

0:01:03.631,0:01:05.274
why are you there?"

0:01:05.275,0:01:10.204
I am convinced if we really asked objects[br]around us why they are there,

0:01:10.205,0:01:12.228
the huge majority would answer,

0:01:12.229,0:01:14.627
"I am there[br]because there is a market, idiot."

0:01:16.027,0:01:18.182
Check this with the objects around you,

0:01:18.183,0:01:20.615
most of them are there[br]because there is a market.

0:01:20.616,0:01:24.101
Actually, the people[br]who made them don't use them.

0:01:24.102,0:01:28.033
The people who built that tower[br]don't live there, no.

0:01:29.293,0:01:32.856
There are objects which are not there[br]because there is a market,

0:01:32.857,0:01:36.611
and then, we have objects one even wonders[br]why they are there at all.

0:01:36.612,0:01:40.999
This block for example,[br]my grandmother did not live there,

0:01:41.000,0:01:44.375
it has been the highest tower[br]in the Christian world for very long,

0:01:44.379,0:01:45.765
Strasbourg Cathedral,

0:01:45.766,0:01:48.101
but here, it is an object that if asked,

0:01:48.102,0:01:51.601
"Why are you there little building?"

0:01:51.602,0:01:55.425
It will answer, "I'm here because mum[br]and dad loved each other very much."

0:01:56.000,0:01:57.876
These are exceptional objects

0:01:57.905,0:02:00.394
Whether they are goods,[br]products, or services,

0:02:00.395,0:02:04.204
but it can even be buildings[br]such as Sydney Opera or the Eiffel Tower,

0:02:04.205,0:02:07.076
the Eiffel Tower which was to be[br]disassembled, since useless.

0:02:07.196,0:02:09.320
Ask the Eiffel Tower, "Why are you there?"

0:02:09.321,0:02:12.096
"I'm here because mum and dad[br]loved each other very much."

0:02:12.097,0:02:13.775
It's not rational.

0:02:13.776,0:02:16.961
With a business plan,[br]it would not have been built.

0:02:17.511,0:02:19.871
I am here to talk about this actually,

0:02:19.876,0:02:24.126
what makes TED specificity in general,

0:02:24.141,0:02:26.630
why is TED so special?

0:02:26.631,0:02:30.494
We will see in fact[br]that it is precisely passion and love.

0:02:30.495,0:02:32.634
But, before that,[br]I will tell you something

0:02:32.635,0:02:36.744
which may not seem exciting.

0:02:36.745,0:02:39.758
Right now, we are undertaking[br]a knowledge transaction.

0:02:39.759,0:02:43.339
I give you the knowledge,[br]and you give me two things in exchange.

0:02:43.340,0:02:46.576
Which ones? What are you[br]giving me right now?

0:02:46.577,0:02:49.606
(Audience) Attention, love,

0:02:49.607,0:02:54.642
IA: Attention - we will talk[br]about love later - and time.

0:02:54.643,0:02:57.242
In fact, if you want to buy knowledge,

0:02:57.243,0:02:59.523
you need attention and time in exchange.

0:03:00.353,0:03:02.832
That is the equation[br]I discovered in Stanford,

0:03:02.833,0:03:06.092
it doesn't bite, don't worry,[br]it is really kind,

0:03:06.093,0:03:10.377
it describes what you are going[br]to do today at TEDx:

0:03:10.378,0:03:13.017
you are going to give attention[br]and time to the speaker.

0:03:13.018,0:03:16.759
To buy knowledge, you need to pay[br]with attention multiplied by time.

0:03:16.760,0:03:18.599
Let's check it is indeed a product,

0:03:18.600,0:03:21.950
A product means that if one of the 2[br]is equal to 0, the whole equals 0.

0:03:22.070,0:03:26.098
If you give me one hour of your time,[br]but are not focused,

0:03:26.099,0:03:28.328
there will be no exchange of knowledge.

0:03:28.329,0:03:31.938
You should give me[br]your whole attention and all your time.

0:03:31.939,0:03:34.818
This is the currency[br]in the knowledge economy.

0:03:34.819,0:03:39.118
To learn something, you have to pay[br]with attention and time.

0:03:39.119,0:03:43.078
And the good news with this equation[br]is that we all have both from birth.

0:03:43.079,0:03:46.358
Yes, the young Somali is not born[br]with pocket money,

0:03:46.359,0:03:48.178
but he has attention and time.

0:03:48.179,0:03:50.984
The knowledge economy[br]is therefore the only economy

0:03:50.985,0:03:53.092
where everybody is born[br]with a buying power,

0:03:53.093,0:03:54.622
which is good news!

0:03:54.623,0:03:56.882
Under what conditions

0:03:56.883,0:04:00.112
do we give our whole attention[br]and all our time to someone?

0:04:00.113,0:04:01.793
How is this called?

0:04:02.613,0:04:03.812
Love.

0:04:03.813,0:04:05.222
When you love someone,

0:04:05.223,0:04:08.852
you lavishly give him or her[br]your whole attention and all your time.

0:04:08.853,0:04:11.722
The knowledge economy is the only one

0:04:11.723,0:04:14.733
which maximizes[br]the lovers' purchasing power.

0:04:15.243,0:04:17.781
Literally, if you want to learn faster,

0:04:17.783,0:04:19.970
make sure you fall in love first

0:04:19.971,0:04:21.911
with the knowledge you will learn.

0:04:23.112,0:04:26.761
This is what the story of my work[br]and my findings are about:

0:04:26.762,0:04:30.511
what is the role of love in the economy,[br]which is supposed to be prosy?

0:04:30.512,0:04:33.879
At Stanford, when I dealt with this,[br]people understood quite well.

0:04:33.880,0:04:35.844
But in France when I said, "Well,

0:04:35.845,0:04:38.140
let's talk a little about love[br]in companies,"

0:04:38.141,0:04:40.360
no kidding, people would not understand.

0:04:40.361,0:04:44.680
So, I told them, "Well, to maximize[br]the flow of knowledge,

0:04:44.681,0:04:46.090
you need to love what you do,

0:04:46.091,0:04:48.250
the main point is to love your job,

0:04:48.251,0:04:50.360
you will turn out to be more competitive."

0:04:50.361,0:04:53.343
But apparently, I had not found[br]the proper words,

0:04:53.344,0:04:57.001
above all with managers, as I was teaching[br]in Centrale, and it is specific.

0:04:57.011,0:05:00.740
So I thought, "We're in Descartes homeland[br]let's make a diagram,

0:05:00.741,0:05:03.770
let's draw something really Cartesian."

0:05:03.771,0:05:06.230
I called it, "Love Can Do,"

0:05:06.231,0:05:10.100
and I wondered, "What are[br]the companies with a little difference,

0:05:10.101,0:05:11.750
those slightly standing out?"

0:05:11.751,0:05:15.510
It is the ones which do what they can do.

0:05:15.511,0:05:18.240
So I thought, let's take the Can Do axis:

0:05:18.241,0:05:20.500
can I do my job?

0:05:20.501,0:05:22.840
But we are going to add another axis,

0:05:22.841,0:05:26.200
and we'll stick[br]to the good old Cartesian diagram,

0:05:26.201,0:05:27.990
and we are going to add some love;

0:05:27.991,0:05:31.510
forgive me to add some love[br]into a Cartesian diagram.

0:05:31.511,0:05:34.380
Let's consider another thing,[br]"Let's organize the companies,

0:05:34.381,0:05:37.870
or not just the companies,[br]by the way, but any initiative,

0:05:37.871,0:05:42.013
according to what people love to do[br]and what they can do."

0:05:42.014,0:05:45.103
The company which does[br]what it loves and what it can do

0:05:45.104,0:05:46.873
is the company standing out,

0:05:46.874,0:05:49.003
that doesn't mean it is the leader,

0:05:49.004,0:05:52.013
it means there is you,[br]and then there's the rest of the world.

0:05:52.014,0:05:54.103
Typically, we mention Apple.

0:05:54.104,0:05:56.233
What does "standing out" mean?

0:05:56.234,0:05:58.531
Chris Martin and Gwyneth Paltrow[br]have a daughter.

0:05:58.651,0:06:02.542
Chris Martin, singer of Coldplay,[br]and Gwyneth Paltrow, Hollywood star.

0:06:02.543,0:06:06.273
How do they call here? Apple.

0:06:06.274,0:06:08.332
Who is going to call[br]their daughter Samsung?

0:06:08.452,0:06:09.283
(Laughter)

0:06:09.284,0:06:11.014
That is standing out.

0:06:12.114,0:06:15.493
It makes you laugh[br]because it is standing out.

0:06:15.494,0:06:17.013
Then, there is the follower,

0:06:17.014,0:06:19.837
the one who does his job right,[br]he can do it, he handles it,

0:06:19.957,0:06:22.233
but he doesn't care about love.

0:06:22.234,0:06:24.253
And, excuse me,

0:06:24.254,0:06:27.493
but Samsung didn't go from[br]making toilets to making tablets

0:06:27.494,0:06:29.753
just because they loved it,[br]there was a market.

0:06:29.754,0:06:32.513
When the market was there,[br]they just went for it.

0:06:32.514,0:06:34.963
That is the case[br]for the vast majority of companies.

0:06:34.964,0:06:37.513
There is a market, they go for it.

0:06:37.514,0:06:38.753
That is the follower.

0:06:38.754,0:06:41.147
The difference between[br]the follower and the leader,

0:06:41.267,0:06:42.343
the one standing out,

0:06:42.344,0:06:44.243
is, "Do I like the job,

0:06:44.244,0:06:48.517
or do I only do it[br]because there is a market?"

0:06:48.518,0:06:51.028
Talking of job, you know the joke,

0:06:51.042,0:06:55.292
we say the Americans have Steve Jobs[br]and the French have Pôle Emploi.

0:06:55.293,0:06:57.757
(Laughter)

0:06:57.758,0:07:01.497
There is no video editing for TEDx,[br]the joke is on me.

0:07:01.498,0:07:03.068
(Applause)

0:07:04.248,0:07:06.306
Then, you have other players,

0:07:06.307,0:07:08.700
my favorite being the garage[br]in the Silicon Valley.

0:07:08.820,0:07:11.586
All those companies[br]that were founded in garages.

0:07:11.587,0:07:14.255
What does that mean[br]that today they are there,

0:07:14.256,0:07:16.531
I mean up there?

0:07:19.081,0:07:22.250
What does it mean?

0:07:22.251,0:07:26.250
That means a maximum of love[br]and a minimum of know-how.

0:07:26.251,0:07:28.761
That's how Google and Amazon were created.

0:07:28.762,0:07:33.750
That is how Tesla, Apple,[br]Hewlett Packard and Disney were created.

0:07:33.751,0:07:36.510
Yes, Disney created Alice in Wonderlands

0:07:36.511,0:07:38.510
in a garage in Los Angeles.

0:07:38.511,0:07:40.990
Please, don't look for any wordplay.

0:07:40.991,0:07:42.756
(Laughter)

0:07:42.757,0:07:44.615
Oh, humor.

0:07:46.505,0:07:49.034
The garages in the Silicon Valley[br]don't do a job

0:07:49.035,0:07:50.584
because they know how to,

0:07:50.585,0:07:53.604
they don't know anything about it,[br]but they love it.

0:07:53.605,0:07:56.284
The garage is going to select[br]the ones who love it,

0:07:56.285,0:07:59.334
because there are no grades, no prices,

0:07:59.335,0:08:02.124
you won't get a regional price[br]for competitiveness,

0:08:02.125,0:08:03.424
you won't get anything,

0:08:03.425,0:08:06.604
you won't be able to pick somebody saying,[br]"I work in a garage."

0:08:06.605,0:08:08.754
You cannot write that on your resume.

0:08:08.755,0:08:10.054
There is no award,

0:08:10.055,0:08:12.584
no grade, no diploma,[br]there is only what you do.

0:08:12.585,0:08:17.594
The garage selects the enthusiasts,[br]the ones who are passionate about the job,

0:08:17.595,0:08:19.344
the ones who love it.

0:08:19.345,0:08:24.094
And so, when you mix[br]love and incompetence,

0:08:24.095,0:08:25.670
you get the result,

0:08:25.671,0:08:29.580
"Sorry guys, I didn't know[br]it was impossible so I did it."

0:08:29.581,0:08:33.361
That is typical of the Silicon Valley's[br]companies that were created in a garage.

0:08:33.481,0:08:36.360
As we were telling them,[br]"Guys, that is impossible,"

0:08:36.361,0:08:42.100
they just did it because they had[br]no manuals to hold them back.

0:08:42.101,0:08:46.100
Obviously, the worst thing is[br]that we have those kind of players,

0:08:46.101,0:08:47.202
the compelled incomers.

0:08:47.322,0:08:49.170
It is easy to sum it up,

0:08:49.171,0:08:51.830
if you ask them,[br]"Why do you make your products?"

0:08:51.831,0:08:53.580
"Because I had to.

0:08:53.581,0:08:57.052
I wanted to be a vet but I was told[br]to make that product, so I did."

0:08:57.053,0:09:00.584
The best example is,[br]you might know it, the brand Lada,

0:09:00.621,0:09:02.600
or the Russian words in general.

0:09:02.601,0:09:06.100
A friend of mine met a marabout in Africa,

0:09:06.101,0:09:09.590
and like all great marabouts,[br]he had the list of all his miracles:

0:09:09.591,0:09:14.100
the loved-one coming back, glory,[br]beauty, ingrown nail healing, all of it,

0:09:14.101,0:09:18.374
and his concluding claim was:[br]can even start Russian motorcycles?

0:09:18.375,0:09:20.324
(Laughter)

0:09:20.325,0:09:24.084
There is walking on water, and then[br]there is starting a Russian motorcycles.

0:09:24.085,0:09:26.345
That tells a lot about[br]Russian motorcycles,

0:09:26.346,0:09:29.345
and you clearly wouldn't dream[br]about a Russian motorcycle.

0:09:29.346,0:09:31.265
One we have that diagram,

0:09:31.266,0:09:33.467
we see that if the follower[br]wants to stand out,

0:09:33.587,0:09:35.495
there is only one question to ask,

0:09:35.496,0:09:38.605
and you'll see that it fits[br]perfectly with this TEDx's theme,

0:09:38.606,0:09:40.615
the upward direction --

0:09:40.616,0:09:43.105
do you want some self-consistency?

0:09:43.106,0:09:44.766
(Laughter)

0:09:46.096,0:09:48.835
They have to ask themselves,[br]"Why do I do my job?"

0:09:48.836,0:09:50.225
For the compelled incomers,

0:09:50.226,0:09:52.975
the red arrow pointing down[br]is the path to suffering,

0:09:52.976,0:09:56.215
because you get the knowledge[br]but do not have the love of the job.

0:09:56.216,0:09:57.265
You are in this mode,

0:09:57.266,0:09:59.365
"Why are you working?"[br]"Because I have to."

0:09:59.366,0:10:03.105
That is suffering, that is[br]committing suicide at work, it is hell.

0:10:03.106,0:10:06.085
The garage in the Silicon Valley,[br]on the other hand, obtains

0:10:06.086,0:10:07.635
all his knowledge out of love.

0:10:07.636,0:10:09.505
He does the job because he loves it,

0:10:09.506,0:10:12.846
and he is going to get all his expertise[br]on the path to love.

0:10:12.847,0:10:15.585
That path, I called it El Camino Real,

0:10:15.596,0:10:17.645
that is the avenue in the Silicon Valley.

0:10:17.646,0:10:19.847
That avenue which structures[br]the Silicon Valley

0:10:19.967,0:10:22.631
is called the royal road in Spanish,[br]El Camino Real,

0:10:22.632,0:10:25.001
and that's how I called this transition.

0:10:25.026,0:10:29.245
Because the Google, the Apple,[br]the Walt-Disney, the Hewlett-Packard

0:10:29.246,0:10:31.015
have followed this way.

0:10:31.016,0:10:34.845
The ones who followed it the most[br]and which illustrate best Love Can Do,

0:10:34.846,0:10:36.105
that's Tesla.

0:10:36.106,0:10:38.491
Tesla is typically the company

0:10:38.501,0:10:41.907
which didn't know anything[br]about its competitors..

0:10:41.908,0:10:44.624
So almost all the decisions they made

0:10:44.625,0:10:47.754
were completely dumb and irrational.

0:10:47.755,0:10:50.494
On that frame, you can see[br]an illustration of Love Can Do.

0:10:50.495,0:10:53.014
On this picture, you can see[br]the Love and the Can Do.

0:10:53.015,0:10:55.758
That is what love is, that is this engine.

0:10:55.759,0:10:57.876
In fact, when Elon Musk founded Tesla,

0:10:57.905,0:11:01.840
he asked his engineers for an engine[br]that was invented by Nicolas Tesla,

0:11:01.841,0:11:05.248
because he is a fan of Tesla,[br]the second da Vinci of the 20th century.

0:11:05.249,0:11:06.754
So he told his engineers,

0:11:06.755,0:11:09.514
"I want an engine that was invented[br]by Nicolas Tesla."

0:11:09.515,0:11:11.249
If you think about it,

0:11:11.250,0:11:15.209
that is dumb, as dumb as asking Airbus[br]for a Leonard de Vinci's technology.

0:11:15.245,0:11:18.074
So the engineers replied,[br]"Well, that is dumb."

0:11:18.075,0:11:21.750
And Elon Musk said, "I am the one paying,

0:11:21.751,0:11:25.918
so you are going to make[br]a N. Tesla's engine, and shut up."

0:11:26.255,0:11:29.604
This engine which gives nightmares

0:11:29.605,0:11:32.374
to the entire global[br]automotive establishment

0:11:32.375,0:11:37.254
is an engine that was patented[br]by Nicolas Tesla in 1896.

0:11:37.255,0:11:38.764
That is love,

0:11:38.765,0:11:41.224
because it is no rational decision.

0:11:41.225,0:11:45.064
You rationally won't beat your competitors[br]with a thing from the 19th century.

0:11:45.065,0:11:48.114
"I am just passionate[br]about Tesla," so here it is.

0:11:48.115,0:11:49.794
Can Do is the battery in this.

0:11:49.795,0:11:53.108
You don't see it now,[br]but they will be put onto the frame

0:11:53.109,0:11:55.634
and Can Do is a car with batteries,

0:11:55.635,0:11:58.404
we didn't have good returns[br]so Elon Musk said,

0:11:58.405,0:12:01.774
"Wait, does a laptop have a good battery?"

0:12:01.775,0:12:02.914
"Yeah, it's not bad."

0:12:02.915,0:12:05.594
The new Mac had a good battery.

0:12:05.595,0:12:10.134
"Fine, just take some of these[br]and pile them up."

0:12:10.135,0:12:11.765
That's what they did.

0:12:13.225,0:12:14.795
Love Can Do.

0:12:15.730,0:12:18.659
The epitome of Love Can Do[br]- we won't talk about it for long,

0:12:18.660,0:12:21.569
it would be an inter-TEDx -[br]it is the Wright brothers,

0:12:21.570,0:12:24.329
they were entirely made of Love Can Do,

0:12:24.330,0:12:25.750
they had no diploma.

0:12:25.751,0:12:28.960
While guys in Polytechnique,[br]the MIT, the Royal Society

0:12:28.960,0:12:30.879
wanted to make their first plane fly,

0:12:30.880,0:12:32.349
the ones who made it fly

0:12:32.350,0:12:34.591
were two idiots,[br]60km away from Dayton, Ohio,

0:12:34.592,0:12:37.011
and who hadn't graduated from High School,

0:12:37.012,0:12:39.461
and that was because they crashed[br]five times a day.

0:12:39.462,0:12:42.362
An excellent TED speaker[br]said it better than me,

0:12:42.375,0:12:43.624
his name is Simon Sinek

0:12:43.625,0:12:47.121
- spend a minute with Simon Sinek,[br]it is better than my TEDx.

0:12:47.122,0:12:51.361
I can tell you that,[br]seriously, Simon Sinek.

0:12:51.362,0:12:53.761
The conclusion of Love Can Do for me

0:12:53.762,0:12:56.011
is that, no matter the expertise,

0:12:56.012,0:12:58.431
you saw it: attention times time,

0:12:58.432,0:13:00.761
when you learn something,

0:13:00.762,0:13:03.751
your learning, if you are passionate,

0:13:03.752,0:13:05.231
is going to take theses steps:

0:13:05.232,0:13:09.091
5, 50, 500, 5,000, maybe 50,000 hours.

0:13:09.092,0:13:11.751
In 5 hours, you get into any knowledge,

0:13:11.752,0:13:15.091
in 50 hours you are autonomous,[br]in 500 hours you can teach it,

0:13:15.092,0:13:17.102
at 5,000 there are the first Nobel Prizes,

0:13:17.222,0:13:19.351
and at 50,000 you get what Japanese call

0:13:19.352,0:13:21.331
a living national treasure.

0:13:21.332,0:13:25.065
I insist on saying that it only works[br]if you learn because your are passionate,

0:13:25.185,0:13:26.601
you have a maximum attention.

0:13:26.602,0:13:29.611
I will show you a case[br]of living national treasure,

0:13:29.612,0:13:33.601
Wallace Chan,[br]the best jeweler in the world.

0:13:33.602,0:13:36.361
That guy is standing out,

0:13:36.362,0:13:39.361
that guys has 100,000 hours[br]of doing what he does,

0:13:39.362,0:13:42.221
that is exceptional, no jeweler[br]can do it like he does.

0:13:42.222,0:13:45.351
I will just who you one of his creations[br]that shows Love Can Do,

0:13:45.352,0:13:48.371
the guy made a portrait in an aquamarine.

0:13:48.372,0:13:51.621
That is called the Wallace Cut,[br]he can cut out a portrait

0:13:51.622,0:13:54.731
that is reflected on all the facets[br]of the aquamarine.

0:13:54.732,0:13:58.241
Why? Because he loves it,

0:13:58.242,0:14:01.771
and when you ask him,[br]"Do you want to go on holidays?"

0:14:01.772,0:14:05.771
He says, "In my workshop,[br]I am already on holidays,

0:14:05.772,0:14:08.241
that is the only thing that satisfies me."

0:14:08.242,0:14:10.761
Today, you are going to see[br]lots of speakers

0:14:10.762,0:14:13.241
who will illustrate Love Can Do[br]better than I can.

0:14:13.242,0:14:15.401
Because I am only talking about theory,

0:14:15.402,0:14:17.931
they are going to talk about practice.

0:14:17.932,0:14:21.671
The speaker coming up right after me[br]will talk to you about love in companies,

0:14:21.672,0:14:24.832
and you will see exactly[br]what Love Can Do can result in.

0:14:24.834,0:14:27.501
And so on, for the Veilles Charrues[br]music festival, etc.

0:14:27.502,0:14:29.771
All I want you to do now,

0:14:29.772,0:14:34.271
is consider Love Can Do in your life,

0:14:34.272,0:14:38.121
and I want you to say[br]something extremely simple,

0:14:38.122,0:14:43.501
that is that every economically useful[br]human being might not be fulfilled,

0:14:43.502,0:14:47.271
but every fulfilled human being[br]is necessarily economically useful.

0:14:47.272,0:14:51.261
So let's value fulfillment[br]more than economical usefulness.

0:14:51.262,0:14:52.761
Have an excellent day.

0:14:52.762,0:14:54.102
(Applause)