[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.10,0:00:04.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the end of October\Nin the mountains in Austria.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.44,0:00:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was there on a field trip\Nwith my architecture students from Zurich.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.66,0:00:13.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we reached a high valley,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.80,0:00:16.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I surprised them with the news\Nthat there was no hut
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.29,0:00:17.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or hotel booked for the night.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.55,0:00:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was not a mistake.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.24,0:00:23.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was totally on purpose.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.09,0:00:28.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The challenge was to build our own shelter\Nwith whatever we could find.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.66,0:00:32.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we all survived.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.08,0:00:34.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was cold, it was really tough ...
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.02,0:00:37.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was a great learning experience
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.73,0:00:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to discover that there are a lot\Nof resources given by nature for free,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.56,0:00:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all that we need\Nis our sensitivity to see them ...
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.21,0:00:48.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our creativity to use them.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.33,0:00:53.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found myself in a similar situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.42,0:00:58.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was an architecture student\Nabout 13 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.95,0:01:02.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went to Bangladesh\Nto a remote village called Rudrapur
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.26,0:01:05.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the aim to design and build\Na school as my thesis project.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.19,0:01:09.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had lived in that village before\Nwhen I was 19 and a volunteer
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.41,0:01:12.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at Dipshikha, a Bangladeshi NGO\Nfor rural development.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.37,0:01:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what I had learned from them
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.07,0:01:18.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that the most sustainable strategy\Nfor sustainable development
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.88,0:01:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to cherish and to use\Nyour very own resources and potential,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.06,0:01:27.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not get dependent on external factors.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.51,0:01:30.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is what I tried to do\Nwith my architecture as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.36,0:01:34.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In terms of suitable building\Nmaterials for my school,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.76,0:01:36.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't have to look far.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.72,0:01:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were right under my feet:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.73,0:01:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mud, earth, dirt, clay,\Nhowever you call it ...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.79,0:01:47.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bamboo that was growing all around.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.40,0:01:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Electricity in remote Bangladesh is rare,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.56,0:01:54.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we didn't need it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.79,0:01:56.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had human energy
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.41,0:01:58.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the people were happy\Nto have the work.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.19,0:02:02.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tools were an issue, too,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.15,0:02:03.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we had these guys,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.74,0:02:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,water buffalos.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.73,0:02:08.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had also tried a bit cows,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.89,0:02:11.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but interestingly,\Nthey were too intelligent.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.01,0:02:14.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were always stepping\Nin the holes of the previous round.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.93,0:02:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They wouldn't mix the mud, the straw --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.81,0:02:17.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.89,0:02:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sand, which are\Nthe ingredients in the walls.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.17,0:02:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And except a small team of consultants
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.57,0:02:26.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like my partner\Nfor realization, Eike Roswag,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.70,0:02:29.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and my basket-weaver cousin, Emmanuel,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.34,0:02:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was all built by craftsmen\Nfrom the village.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.61,0:02:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is the METI school\Nafter six months of construction.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.92,0:02:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.29,0:02:42.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.47,0:02:44.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.10,0:02:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Load-bearing earth walls\Nthat really ground the school,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.23,0:02:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and large bamboo structures\Nthat bring the lightness in.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.64,0:02:56.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the classroom on the ground floor.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.07,0:02:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Attached to it are the caves.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.76,0:03:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're for reading,\Nfor snuggling, for solo work,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.20,0:03:03.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for meditation, for playing ...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.89,0:03:06.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the classroom on the top.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.83,0:03:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The children all signed\Nwith their names in Bengali the doors,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.64,0:03:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they did not only sign,\Nthey also helped building the school.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.21,0:03:21.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm sure you all had your hands\Nin mud or clay before.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.13,0:03:22.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's wonderful to touch. I love it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.97,0:03:24.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The children loved it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.89,0:03:29.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And can you imagine the feeling\Nof a small boy or a girl
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.77,0:03:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or an illiterate day laborer standing\Nin front of that school building
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.73,0:03:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and knowing that you built this
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.29,0:03:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of the ordinary bamboo\Nand just the dirt underneath your feet,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.91,0:03:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using nothing but your hands?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.56,0:03:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That gives such an enormous boost\Nof trust and confidence
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.26,0:03:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in yourself and the community.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.81,0:03:54.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the material.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.35,0:03:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially mud has a very poor image.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.24,0:04:01.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we think of mud, we think of dirt --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.37,0:04:03.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's ugly, it's nondurable --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.61,0:04:06.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is the image I want to change.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.16,0:04:10.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, it's the 11th rainy season\Nfor this school now,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.93,0:04:14.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really harsh, horizontal monsoon rains,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.21,0:04:16.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the walls are standing strong.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.13,0:04:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.66,0:04:23.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how does it work?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.03,0:04:27.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First rule, a good foundation\Nthat keeps the wall dry from the ground,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.21,0:04:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and second rule, a good roof\Nthat protects from the top,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.93,0:04:33.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and third rule, erosion control.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.19,0:04:36.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mud walls need speed breakers
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.50,0:04:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that the rainwater\Ncannot run down the wall fast,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.74,0:04:44.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these speed breakers\Ncould be lines of bamboo
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.04,0:04:47.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or stones or straw mixed into the mud,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.65,0:04:52.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like a hill needs trees or rocks\Nin order to prevent erosion.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.93,0:04:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It works just the same way.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.34,0:04:59.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people always ask me\Nif I have to add cement to the mud,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.40,0:05:00.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the answer is no.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.31,0:05:05.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is no stabilizer,\Nno coating on these walls,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.07,0:05:06.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only in the foundation.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.29,0:05:10.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is the close-up of the wall
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.14,0:05:13.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after 10 rainy seasons,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.62,0:05:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as much as I grew a bit older,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.08,0:05:17.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the wall got some wrinkles as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.83,0:05:19.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The edges my not be as sharp as before,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.02,0:05:22.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it still looks pretty good,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.20,0:05:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if it needs repairing,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.95,0:05:25.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is really easy to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.97,0:05:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You just take the broken part,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.73,0:05:30.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make it wet, and put it back on the wall,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.50,0:05:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it will look the same as before.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.54,0:05:34.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wish that would work on me, too.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.11,0:05:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.68,0:05:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, and the great thing is,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.86,0:05:43.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if an earth wall is not needed anymore,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.31,0:05:46.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can go back to the ground it came from,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.58,0:05:48.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turn into a garden,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.51,0:05:52.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or get fully recycled\Nwithout any loss of quality.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.61,0:05:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no other material\Nthat can do this,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.72,0:05:59.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is why mud is so excellent\Nin terms of environmental performance.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.42,0:06:02.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about the economic sustainability?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.25,0:06:04.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we built the school,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.54,0:06:06.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I practically lived\Non the construction site,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.94,0:06:09.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the evening, I used to go\Nwith the workers to the market,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.99,0:06:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I could see\Nhow they spent their money.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.98,0:06:16.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they would buy\Nthe vegetables from their neighbors,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.31,0:06:19.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would get a new haircut\Nor a new blouse from the tailor.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.86,0:06:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because the main part\Nof the building budget
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.74,0:06:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was spent on craftsmanship,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.91,0:06:29.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the school wasn't just a building,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.36,0:06:33.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it became a real catalyst\Nfor local development,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.55,0:06:35.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that made me happy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.99,0:06:39.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I had designed the school\Nin cement and steel,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.41,0:06:43.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this money would have been exported\Nand lost for those families.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.51,0:06:48.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.94,0:06:53.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The building budget at that time\Nwas 35,000 euros --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.53,0:06:55.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's probably doubled by now --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.52,0:06:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is a lot of money\Nfor that region,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.63,0:07:02.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and especially because this money\Nis working within the community
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.66,0:07:03.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and rotating fast,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.96,0:07:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not on the stock market.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.40,0:07:11.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when it comes to the economic\Nsustainability of my project,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.28,0:07:14.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my main question is, who gets the profit?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.95,0:07:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of you in here
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.99,0:07:21.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have some experience\Nliving in a mud house?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.51,0:07:23.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chris Anderson, where is your hand?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.58,0:07:24.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.66,0:07:25.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You? OK.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.14,0:07:28.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.31,0:07:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seems totally out of our focus,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.50,0:07:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but approximately three billion people\Nall around the planet
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.16,0:07:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are living in earth houses,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.67,0:07:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is a traditional building material
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.98,0:07:43.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Europe just as much as in Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.08,0:07:47.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Strangely enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.64,0:07:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mud is not considered worthy\Nof being studied at universities ...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.28,0:07:55.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I brought the dirt to Harvard,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.50,0:07:57.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.73,0:08:01.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,precisely 60 tons of dirt\Nright in front of the main facade
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.73,0:08:03.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Graduate School of Design.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.48,0:08:07.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Students and faculty\Nrolled up their sleeves,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.65,0:08:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,got their hands dirty
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.82,0:08:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and transformed the front\Ninto a warm place for people to gather.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.25,0:08:14.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Children would climb the structures,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.99,0:08:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,skaters would ride the ramp,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.53,0:08:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,students having lunch breaks,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.30,0:08:22.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was particularly fascinating to see\Nhow many people were touching the wall,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.40,0:08:26.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we usually don't go around cities\Ncaressing our facades, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.27,0:08:28.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.37,0:08:35.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.60,0:08:38.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, this was a small-scale project,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.63,0:08:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in terms of awareness-building\Nand in terms of education,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.75,0:08:44.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was like an acupuncture trigger point.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.70,0:08:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact, in more and more countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.30,0:08:54.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,load-bearing earthen structures\Nare not allowed to be built anymore
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.31,0:08:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although they're traditional\Nand have lasted for hundreds of years,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.84,0:08:59.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not because the material is weak,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.88,0:09:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but because there are\Nno architects and engineers
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.06,0:09:05.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who know how to deal with that material.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.52,0:09:07.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So education on all levels,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.21,0:09:09.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for craftsmen, engineers and architects,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.91,0:09:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really strongly needed.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.08,0:09:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Equally important\Nis technological development,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.45,0:09:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like prefabrication developed\Nby my colleague Martin Rauch,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.57,0:09:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is an Austrian artist\Nand expert in earthen structures.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.58,0:09:26.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he has created technologies\Nfor rammed earth elements,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.21,0:09:28.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for prefabrication\Nof rammed earth elements
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.67,0:09:32.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that include insulation,\Nwall heatings and coolings
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.46,0:09:34.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all sorts of electrical fittings
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.28,0:09:36.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can be layered\Nto multistoried buildings,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.60,0:09:39.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is important in order to scale up
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.30,0:09:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in order to [speed] up the processes,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.29,0:09:44.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like in the Ricola Herb Center\Nin Switzerland.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.56,0:09:49.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And finally, we need good built projects
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.71,0:09:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that prove you can build\Nwith an ancient material
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.83,0:09:54.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a very modern way.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.43,0:09:59.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not a matter\Nof how old a material is;
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.15,0:10:02.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a matter of our creative\Nability to use it today.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.94,0:10:07.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These, for example, are three hostels
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.22,0:10:09.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I did in China in the village Baoxi,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.59,0:10:12.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about six hours by bus from Shanghai.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.86,0:10:16.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The outside shape is woven bamboo,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.57,0:10:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the inside core\Nis stones and rammed earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.06,0:10:23.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it is a traditional building material.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.54,0:10:25.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even large parts\Nof the Great Wall of China
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.76,0:10:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been built with rammed earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.42,0:10:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's getting replaced by concrete.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.41,0:10:33.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this trend is happening very fast.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.91,0:10:36.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Within only a couple of years,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.91,0:10:39.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China has consumed more cement\Nthan the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.93,0:10:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the entire 20th century.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.62,0:10:46.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this trend of replacing\Nnatural building materials
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.15,0:10:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with materials that require\Na lot of energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.43,0:10:50.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are energy-intensive,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.24,0:10:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that emit CO2
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.30,0:10:55.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really clearly contributing\Nto climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.67,0:10:57.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have alternatives,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.10,0:11:01.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as mud, stones, timber,\Nbamboo, earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.38,0:11:05.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are totally effective options\Nfor all sorts of purposes.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.93,0:11:08.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This, for example,\Nis an office building that we did
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.50,0:11:10.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for Omicron Electronics in Austria.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.90,0:11:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mud is healthy for the planet,\Nbut also for the human bodies,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.82,0:11:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the material is low-tech,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.49,0:11:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the performance is high-tech.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.74,0:11:22.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The earth walls keep the highly\Nsophisticated tools in the building safe
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.84,0:11:24.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by naturally regulating moisture.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.59,0:11:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this wall in my own home
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.13,0:11:30.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is our humidfier.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.37,0:11:35.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We love our six tons of dirt at home
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.33,0:11:37.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only because\Nit's healthy and sustainable.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.40,0:11:41.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its archaic warmth\Nis touching deep within.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.71,0:11:47.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My personal dream is to build\Na mud skyscraper right in Manhattan.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.82,0:11:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.88,0:11:51.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.06,0:11:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.28,0:11:54.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this dream isn't so crazy
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.85,0:11:57.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you think of the mud city\Nof Shibam in Yemen
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.07,0:11:58.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was built in the 16th century
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.96,0:12:02.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and has lasted now for 500 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.27,0:12:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What was possible that long ago\Nis possible today as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.40,0:12:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can apply\Nall our technical know-how
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.03,0:12:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to these ancient materials
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.06,0:12:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that it meets our needs and our dreams.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.40,0:12:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All around us,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.30,0:12:22.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just below our feet ...
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.06,0:12:25.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are wonderful natural building materials.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.85,0:12:27.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's use them.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.22,0:12:30.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I deeply believe
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.16,0:12:32.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our homes, our work spaces, our cities
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.72,0:12:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would become more healthy and sustainable
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.54,0:12:38.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more humane
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.09,0:12:41.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and beautiful.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.93,0:12:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.11,0:12:48.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)