[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:03.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The magnificent coastal waters\Nof British Columbia are home
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.22,0:00:05.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to an abundance\Nof incredible marine wildlife
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.94,0:00:08.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including humpback whales,\Nsteller sea lions,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.21,0:00:11.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,orcas, porpoises, and harbour seals.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.21,0:00:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The BC coast is also home\Nto one of the most iconic, recognizable
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.62,0:00:17.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and lovable aquatic mammals:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.62,0:00:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sea otter.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.00,0:00:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With its long whiskers and
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.50,0:00:22.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grizzled facial fur,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.21,0:00:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these endearing animals have\Nfittingly earned the nickname:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.00,0:00:26.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the “old man of the sea”.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.07,0:00:28.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But despite their cute appearance
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.74,0:00:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and engaging antics,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.90,0:00:31.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sea otters have actually endured
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.45,0:00:33.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a long dark history in North America,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.78,0:00:36.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once pushed to the very brink\Nof extinction.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.94,0:00:38.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My name is John E. Marriott,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.33,0:00:40.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this episode, we’re EXPOSING you
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.33,0:00:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to one of Canada’s great environmental\Nsuccess stories:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.82,0:00:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the miraculous recovery\Nof the once-extirpated sea otter
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.39,0:00:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the BC coast.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.14,0:00:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.55,0:01:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sea otters are unique
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.60,0:01:05.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in that they're the smallest member
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.31,0:01:06.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the marine mammal family,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.73,0:01:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet also the largest member\Nof the weasel family.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.73,0:01:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Found around sheltered islands,\Nreefs, fjords, and bays,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.04,0:01:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sea otters feed on a variety of seafood,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.20,0:01:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including clams, mussels,\Ncrabs and sea urchins.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.88,0:01:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s not uncommon for sea otters
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.42,0:01:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to float around in the water on their back
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.50,0:01:23.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with their food on their belly
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.94,0:01:25.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a picnic spread on a table,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.67,0:01:26.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and remarkably,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.67,0:01:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they’re one of the only animals\Nin the world
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.80,0:01:30.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to use tools like we do.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.62,0:01:33.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Using rocks and other objects to crack,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.12,0:01:34.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,open their hard-shelled food
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.75,0:01:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get at the yummy stuff inside.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.62,0:01:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sea otters require a ton of food
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.88,0:01:42.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to stay warm in the cold,\Ncoastal pacific waters
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.04,0:01:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and eat up to 30%
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.08,0:01:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of their body weight every single day.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.80,0:01:48.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unlike other marine mammals,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.21,0:01:50.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don’t actually have a lot of body fat
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.26,0:01:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to insulate themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.36,0:01:53.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is why they have one\Nof the thickest fur coats
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.80,0:01:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the animal kingdom,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.84,0:01:56.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made up of two types of hair:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.42,0:01:58.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,long, sparse guard hairs
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.34,0:02:02.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and feathery-soft,\Nsuper dense warm underfur.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.13,0:02:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unfortunately, it's these beautiful,\Nluxurious coats
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.67,0:02:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are the very reason sea otters\Nonce vanished
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.95,0:02:11.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from British Columbia\Nand Canada altogether.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.90,0:02:15.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before the fur trade began\Nin the early 1800s,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.81,0:02:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world’s sea otter population\Nwas estimated
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.96,0:02:21.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at between 150,000 and 300,000 animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.12,0:02:24.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But by the early 1900s,\Njust a century later,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.10,0:02:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the population had been totally decimated
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.98,0:02:30.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by our insatiable appetite for their fur
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.62,0:02:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and less than 2,000 animals remained.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.44,0:02:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eventually, the sea otter
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.68,0:02:36.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disappeared from the BC Coast completely
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.19,0:02:38.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last otter shot
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.30,0:02:41.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and killed off Vancouver Island in 1929.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.22,0:02:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The long road to recovery\Nfor our sea otters
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.36,0:02:45.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,began with the combined efforts
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.88,0:02:47.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of federal, state\Nand provincial governments
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.33,0:02:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in both Canada and the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.77,0:02:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Between 1969 and 1972,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.69,0:02:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,89 sea otters from Alaska
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.50,0:02:57.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were released in Checleset Bay
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.38,0:02:59.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,off the west coast of Vancouver Island.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.29,0:03:02.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amazingly, this reintroduced population
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.17,0:03:05.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prospered almost immediately\Nin the superb coastal habitat
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.19,0:03:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by 1996,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.25,0:03:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had doubled more than 4x\Nto over 1500 otters.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.97,0:03:14.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The stunning initial success\Nof the reintroduction
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.35,0:03:16.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,led the federal government to downgrade
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.25,0:03:18.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sea otters’ status\Nas a species at risk
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.67,0:03:20.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from ‘endangered’ to ‘threatened’.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.92,0:03:25.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By 2004, the population had\Nexpanded even more dramatically,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.89,0:03:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with sea otters found as far south as\NVargas Island in Clayoquot Sound,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.49,0:03:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as far north as the northern tip\Nof Vancouver Island
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.08,0:03:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at Cape Scott., and as far east as
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.46,0:03:37.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hope Island in Queen Charlotte Strait.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.70,0:03:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, sea otters have expanded
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.30,0:03:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even further afield in British Columbia
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.54,0:03:44.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their status has been downgraded
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.25,0:03:46.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a ‘threatened’ species\Nto one of ‘special concern’.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.45,0:03:49.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their continued recovery and expansion
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.26,0:03:50.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the West Canadian coast
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.51,0:03:52.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is now considered\None of the most successful
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.89,0:03:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mammal reintroductions\Nin Canadian history!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.10,0:03:58.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this astonishing success story\Ndoesn’t end there:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.91,0:04:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sea otters are known\Nas a ‘keystone species’
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.96,0:04:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meaning that even a small number of them
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.00,0:04:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can have a dramatic effect\Non shaping healthy ecosystems.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.22,0:04:09.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we look back at when sea otters\Nwere eradicated,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.01,0:04:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rocks and reefs quickly became overrun
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.53,0:04:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with dense populations of sea urchins
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.93,0:04:17.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these sea urchins in turn wiped out\Nthe kelp forests
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.24,0:04:20.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are so critical\Nto our ocean’s health,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.88,0:04:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,essentially removing\Nthe ‘rainforests of the sea’
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.58,0:04:27.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so called because of\Nthe kelp forests’ ability
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.33,0:04:31.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to provide food, shelter, oxygen\Nand a nursery environment
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.39,0:04:33.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a wide variety of sea life.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.82,0:04:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So with sea otters reintroduced
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.34,0:04:38.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and reoccupying their former habitat
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.62,0:04:43.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and resuming their crucial role\Nin the ecology of BC’s coastal ecosystems,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.45,0:04:45.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the environmental spin-off\Nhas been remarkable:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.05,0:04:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the out-of-control sea urchin populations
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.14,0:04:49.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been brought back under contrtol,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.100,0:04:52.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the kelp forests have returned\Nand flourished,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.01,0:04:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,completely reshaping our coast
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.66,0:04:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a wonderful way.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.31,0:04:59.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite the success\Nof their reintroduction,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.54,0:05:01.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sea otters continue to face\Na number of threats.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.40,0:05:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most serious is\Nfrom environmental contaminants
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.17,0:05:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like oil spills.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.87,0:05:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oil spills are catastrophic for sea otters
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.57,0:05:12.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their fur loses its buoyancy\Nand insulating capabilities
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.78,0:05:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the otters end up dying from exposure.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.44,0:05:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those otters that do survive initially,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.67,0:05:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,end up inhaling and ingesting oil
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.64,0:05:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they groom their oil-slicked fur
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.97,0:05:23.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causing even more deaths.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.02,0:05:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not surprisingly,\Nthe sea otter populations
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.08,0:05:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took almost three decades to recover
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.46,0:05:31.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the Exxon-Valdez\Nspill off the coast of Alaska.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.12,0:05:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For these reasons
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.52,0:05:37.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's critical that we continue to protect\Nsea otter habitat
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.87,0:05:39.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and continue to monitor and reduce
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.83,0:05:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the risk of oil spills along the BC coast.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.36,0:05:44.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks for watching everyone,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.75,0:05:46.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we really appreciate the support!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.35,0:05:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please let us know what you thought about
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.32,0:05:49.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the episode in the comments below,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.94,0:05:51.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and don’t forget to subscribe
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.32,0:05:53.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and click that little notification bell
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Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.96,0:05:56.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks everyone, see you soon!