0:00:01.970,0:00:06.470
[music]

0:00:06.620,0:00:10.300
>> Instructor: If you’re a camera,[br]a 3D camera,

0:00:10.300,0:00:11.480
and you’re looking at her,

0:00:11.480,0:00:14.610
and she’s pointing in that direction,

0:00:14.610,0:00:15.610
the question is

0:00:15.610,0:00:17.530
what do you call X,

0:00:17.530,0:00:18.710
what do you call Y,

0:00:18.710,0:00:20.060
and what do you call Z?

0:00:20.060,0:00:23.000
>> Student: I would want to take

0:00:23.000,0:00:27.939
all the knowledge that I've learned[br]throughout this camp using Quorum

0:00:27.939,0:00:32.079
and maybe develop my own game[br]maybe later down the line.

0:00:32.079,0:00:35.220
>> Student: I really want to teach others.

0:00:35.220,0:00:38.050
That’s sort of[br]what I like to do

0:00:38.050,0:00:41.150
and with Quorum I can[br]do that much easier.

0:00:41.150,0:00:43.940
[music]

0:00:47.960,0:00:49.820
>> Instructor: We’re now going to say "box."

0:00:49.829,0:00:53.140
>> Narrator: Technology jobs are in demand

0:00:53.140,0:00:55.500
and an understanding[br]of computing and coding

0:00:55.500,0:01:00.200
are important for anyone[br]pursuing these opportunities.

0:01:00.200,0:01:04.040
But learning programming languages[br]can be difficult for any new student

0:01:04.040,0:01:06.560
including some students[br]with disabilities.

0:01:06.560,0:01:09.420
That’s why Quorum was created.

0:01:09.420,0:01:12.680
>> Andreas Stefik: My name is Andreas Stefik.

0:01:12.680,0:01:14.900
I'm an assistant professor[br]of computer science

0:01:14.900,0:01:18.570
at the University of Nevada[br]at Las Vegas.

0:01:18.570,0:01:22.210
I invented the Quorum[br]programming language at first

0:01:22.210,0:01:23.210
then my wife and I

0:01:23.210,0:01:25.710
actually created several[br]versions of it together.

0:01:25.710,0:01:28.409
It was originally designed[br]to try to help

0:01:28.409,0:01:32.610
blind or visually impaired students[br]learn to program more easily.

0:01:32.610,0:01:35.479
The reason is because at the time[br]a lot of computer science

0:01:35.479,0:01:39.200
was moving toward[br]very visual content

0:01:39.200,0:01:42.240
and that in general[br]makes a lot of sense,

0:01:42.240,0:01:44.120
however, not if you're blind.

0:01:44.120,0:01:46.969
>> Richard Ladner: I'm Richard Ladner,

0:01:46.969,0:01:49.780
professor in Computer Science and Engineering[br]at the University of Washington.

0:01:49.780,0:01:52.970
>> Richard to student: So you really need[br]similar code

0:01:52.970,0:01:54.770
to what you have there already.

0:01:54.770,0:01:59.299
>> Richard: Children who are blind,[br]who can't see,

0:01:59.299,0:02:01.850
can actually program in Quorum

0:02:01.850,0:02:07.049
and make things that talk[br]or have sound or have music

0:02:07.049,0:02:08.950
so they're not always so visual.

0:02:08.950,0:02:13.250
If you look at almost all the tools[br]that are out there for children,

0:02:13.250,0:02:14.690
they're all super visual

0:02:14.690,0:02:18.379
and this one is visual and auditory

0:02:18.379,0:02:20.560
so that makes it much better[br]for everybody.

0:02:20.560,0:02:24.680
>> Lauren Milne: I'm Lauren Milne[br]and I'm a graduate student

0:02:24.680,0:02:27.580
at the University of Washington[br]in computer science.

0:02:27.580,0:02:28.870
I work with Richard Ladner

0:02:28.870,0:02:35.069
and I do a lot of research[br]in programming languages,

0:02:35.069,0:02:38.180
specifically for blind students.

0:02:38.180,0:02:45.420
It has full support for screen readers[br]and Braille displays

0:02:45.420,0:02:46.970
and it has a lot of features.

0:02:46.970,0:02:50.030
it's very easy to incorporate[br]audio in programs

0:02:50.030,0:02:52.239
and a lot of things you can[br]play around with in audio

0:02:52.239,0:02:54.860
so it means you can[br]make really accessible,

0:02:54.860,0:02:58.370
you can quickly and easily[br]make accessible games

0:02:58.370,0:03:01.490
or whatever you'd like[br]using Quorum.

0:03:01.490,0:03:05.440
>>Narrator: Quorum’s features[br]are universally designed,

0:03:05.440,0:03:08.270
making it an easier language[br]to learn in general.

0:03:08.270,0:03:12.459
>>Andreas: One of the reasons[br]why Quorum is easier

0:03:12.459,0:03:15.430
in some cases for people[br]to learn and grasp

0:03:15.430,0:03:17.799
is because the language is simpler

0:03:17.799,0:03:20.440
which impacts people[br]with learning disabilities.

0:03:20.440,0:03:22.780
For example, if I was to[br]tell the computer

0:03:22.780,0:03:25.140
to do something[br]over and over again

0:03:25.140,0:03:27.250
in a language like Java[br]I would say

0:03:27.250,0:03:33.319
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

0:03:33.319,0:03:37.299
Which "obviously" means that[br]we should do something 10 times.

0:03:37.299,0:03:38.640
In Quorum, I say

0:03:38.640,0:03:40.099
repeat 10 times.

0:03:40.099,0:03:43.349
>>Richard: I find personally[br]reading Quorum programs

0:03:43.349,0:03:47.290
a lot easier than reading[br]C programs or Java programs.

0:03:47.290,0:03:52.730
That I can understand them more easily[br]and so I feel like there are some

0:03:52.730,0:03:54.670
major advantages from the get-go.

0:03:54.670,0:03:57.280
Just that simple elegance.

0:03:57.280,0:04:02.900
Most languages after every single line[br]you have to put a semicolon.

0:04:02.900,0:04:06.769
Why you have to put a semicolon,[br]it seems to be just tradition.

0:04:06.769,0:04:11.430
It doesn't need to be there[br]and Quorum has no semicolons.

0:04:11.430,0:04:14.269
>> Lauren: I hypothesize[br]it could be really good

0:04:14.269,0:04:17.340
for certain students with[br]learning disabilities

0:04:17.340,0:04:21.720
that Quorum doesn't use braces;[br]it uses sort of indentations

0:04:21.720,0:04:24.680
and it uses the word, keywords instead[br]to indicate the end of loops.

0:04:24.680,0:04:27.090
>> Andreas to students: I want you[br]to type the word "model"

0:04:27.090,0:04:29.630
and then I want you to[br]type the word "box."

0:04:29.630,0:04:35.140
Now there’s a red underline here[br]because we haven’t added...

0:04:35.140,0:04:39.420
>> Narrator: Over the years,[br]Quorum has gained popularity.

0:04:39.420,0:04:44.850
>> Dominic: I'm Dominic and[br]I'm really into computers

0:04:44.850,0:04:47.300
and really enjoy using Quorum

0:04:47.300,0:04:52.530
and have used other computer[br]programs before like C++ and Java.

0:04:52.530,0:04:56.430
One of the things that stands out[br]to me in Quorum is the punctuation

0:04:56.430,0:05:00.010
and it's really easy because[br]you don't have to add in

0:05:00.010,0:05:08.190
all the semicolons and all the annoying[br]hash tags and "@" symbols and everything.

0:05:08.190,0:05:12.290
You just use words basically[br]which is way easier

0:05:12.290,0:05:14.600
than using all those[br]confusing symbols

0:05:14.600,0:05:17.980
and I think that makes it easier[br]for me to program in Quorum

0:05:17.980,0:05:19.420
than other languages.

0:05:19.420,0:05:22.030
>> Alyssa: Hi, I'm Alyssa.

0:05:22.030,0:05:26.010
What makes Quorum easier[br]is the way they wrote,

0:05:26.010,0:05:29.320
the way they program[br]for us to write the code.

0:05:29.320,0:05:32.030
So we don't have[br]to add semicolons

0:05:32.030,0:05:35.350
and brackets and parentheses[br]and all the stuff.

0:05:35.350,0:05:36.470
They made it easier.

0:05:36.470,0:05:40.350
You can just type in a word,[br]"output" let’s say, for example,

0:05:40.350,0:05:42.570
and then you could[br]write in quotes

0:05:42.570,0:05:44.630
whatever you want[br]the computer to say

0:05:44.630,0:05:49.220
and that's what makes it[br]a lot more unique than

0:05:49.220,0:05:51.470
other programming languages[br]like Java.

0:05:51.470,0:05:53.220
>> Mary: I’m Mary.

0:05:53.220,0:05:57.930
You can do a lot more things[br]in Quorum with less lines of code

0:05:57.930,0:06:01.380
than in some other things[br]I've used before.

0:06:01.380,0:06:04.350
>> Narrator: Quorum is evidence-based,

0:06:04.350,0:06:06.600
using the results of[br]scientific experiments

0:06:06.600,0:06:10.050
to determine how to make[br]the language easier to use.

0:06:10.050,0:06:13.420
>> Andreas: Quorum provides[br]two primary benefits.

0:06:13.420,0:06:15.230
One is everything is free

0:06:15.230,0:06:17.940
and then number two:[br]at the end of the day

0:06:17.940,0:06:21.220
all of the materials that we use[br]and that we give to people

0:06:21.220,0:06:23.970
are vetted both by[br]teachers and students

0:06:23.970,0:06:27.580
and are vetted in experiments[br]through the scientific method.

0:06:27.580,0:06:30.360
>> Narrator: The result[br]is a programming language

0:06:30.360,0:06:34.220
that is creating a more inviting[br]environment for computing students.

0:06:34.220,0:06:37.720
>> Lauren: A lot of people -[br]I've seen in intro classes that I've taught.

0:06:37.720,0:06:43.240
They come in, you know, and they[br]get really intimidated at first

0:06:43.240,0:06:46.080
when they start programming[br]and there's all sorts of bugs

0:06:46.080,0:06:49.470
and it can be very frustrating.

0:06:49.470,0:06:52.830
People drop out and very often[br]the only people who stick around

0:06:52.830,0:06:55.450
are people who have come in,[br]who come into the college course

0:06:55.450,0:06:57.950
with previous programming experience.

0:06:57.950,0:07:00.420
Anything that lowers that initial entry

0:07:00.420,0:07:05.000
is going to bring a lot more people,[br]a lot more diversity, because of that.