[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.70,0:00:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's face it:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.62,0:00:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Driving is dangerous.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.06,0:00:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's one of the things that we don't like to think about,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.16,0:00:11.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the fact that religious icons and good luck charms
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.81,0:00:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,show up on dashboards around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.60,0:00:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,betrays the fact that we know this to be true.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.74,0:00:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Car accidents are the leading cause of death
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.33,0:00:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in people ages 16 to 19 in the United States --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.50,0:00:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leading cause of death --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.35,0:00:35.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 75 percent of these accidents have nothing to do
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.21,0:00:37.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with drugs or alcohol.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.49,0:00:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what happens?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.76,0:00:43.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No one can say for sure, but I remember my first accident.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.97,0:00:47.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was a young driver out on the highway,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.78,0:00:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the car in front of me, I saw the brake lights go on.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.04,0:00:51.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm like, "Okay, all right, this guy is slowing down,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.84,0:00:53.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll slow down too."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.12,0:00:55.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I step on the brake.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.04,0:00:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But no, this guy isn't slowing down.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.30,0:01:00.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This guy is stopping, dead stop, dead stop on the highway.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.48,0:01:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was just going 65 -- to zero?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.02,0:01:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I slammed on the brakes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.54,0:01:07.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I felt the ABS kick in, and the car is still going,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.59,0:01:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's not going to stop, and I know it's not going to stop,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.29,0:01:13.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the air bag deploys, the car is totaled,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.23,0:01:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and fortunately, no one was hurt.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.79,0:01:20.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I had no idea that car was stopping,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.100,0:01:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think we can do a lot better than that.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.64,0:01:28.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we can transform the driving experience
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.79,0:01:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by letting our cars talk to each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.67,0:01:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just want you to think a little bit
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.09,0:01:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what the experience of driving is like now.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.98,0:01:41.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Get into your car. Close the door. You're in a glass bubble.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.01,0:01:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't really directly sense the world around you.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.92,0:01:46.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're in this extended body.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.10,0:01:48.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're tasked with navigating it down
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.27,0:01:50.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,partially-seen roadways,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.32,0:01:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in and amongst other metal giants, at super-human speeds.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.75,0:01:59.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? And all you have to guide you are your two eyes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.23,0:02:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, so that's all you have,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.99,0:02:02.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eyes that weren't really designed for this task,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.72,0:02:06.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then people ask you to do things like,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.47,0:02:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you want to make a lane change,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.02,0:02:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what's the first thing they ask you do?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.34,0:02:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take your eyes off the road. That's right.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.44,0:02:15.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stop looking where you're going, turn,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.54,0:02:17.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,check your blind spot,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.55,0:02:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and drive down the road without looking where you're going.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.02,0:02:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You and everyone else. This is the safe way to drive.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.16,0:02:26.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why do we do this? Because we have to,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.40,0:02:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to make a choice, do I look here or do I look here?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.98,0:02:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's more important?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.50,0:02:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And usually we do a fantastic job
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.21,0:02:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,picking and choosing what we attend to on the road.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.98,0:02:40.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But occasionally we miss something.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.63,0:02:45.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Occasionally we sense something wrong or too late.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.09,0:02:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In countless accidents, the driver says,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.08,0:02:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I didn't see it coming."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.39,0:02:52.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I believe that. I believe that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.67,0:02:55.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can only watch so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.59,0:03:00.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the technology exists now that can help us improve that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.74,0:03:05.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the future, with cars exchanging data with each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.03,0:03:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will be able to see not just three cars ahead
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.96,0:03:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and three cars behind, to the right and left,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.56,0:03:13.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all at the same time, bird's eye view,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.72,0:03:16.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will actually be able to see into those cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.85,0:03:19.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will be able to see the velocity of the car in front of us,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.22,0:03:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see how fast that guy's going or stopping.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.46,0:03:26.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If that guy's going down to zero, I'll know.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.97,0:03:30.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And with computation and algorithms and predictive models,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.83,0:03:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will be able to see the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.10,0:03:35.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You may think that's impossible.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.66,0:03:38.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can you predict the future? That's really hard.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.39,0:03:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, no. With cars, it's not impossible.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.01,0:03:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cars are three-dimensional objects
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.74,0:03:47.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have a fixed position and velocity.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.07,0:03:48.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They travel down roads.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.70,0:03:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Often they travel on pre-published routes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.12,0:03:55.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really not that hard to make reasonable predictions
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.05,0:03:57.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about where a car's going to be in the near future.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.92,0:03:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even if, when you're in your car
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.92,0:04:01.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some motorcyclist comes -- bshoom! --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.91,0:04:04.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,85 miles an hour down, lane-splitting --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.21,0:04:06.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know you've had this experience --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.76,0:04:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that guy didn't "just come out of nowhere."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.36,0:04:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That guy's been on the road probably for the last half hour.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.00,0:04:14.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.19,0:04:17.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? I mean, somebody's seen him.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.78,0:04:20.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ten, 20, 30 miles back, someone's seen that guy,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.55,0:04:22.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as soon as one car sees that guy
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.93,0:04:25.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and puts him on the map, he's on the map --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.16,0:04:27.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,position, velocity,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.34,0:04:29.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,good estimate he'll continue going 85 miles an hour.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.66,0:04:31.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll know, because your car will know, because
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.84,0:04:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that other car will have whispered something in his ear,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.12,0:04:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, "By the way, five minutes,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.04,0:04:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,motorcyclist, watch out."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.82,0:04:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can make reasonable predictions about how cars behave.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.52,0:04:42.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, they're Newtonian objects.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.89,0:04:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's very nice about them.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.80,0:04:48.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do we get there?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.83,0:04:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can start with something as simple
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.10,0:04:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as sharing our position data between cars,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.96,0:04:55.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just sharing GPS.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.86,0:04:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I have a GPS and a camera in my car,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.30,0:05:00.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have a pretty precise idea of where I am
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.53,0:05:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how fast I'm going.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.26,0:05:03.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With computer vision, I can estimate where
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.92,0:05:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the cars around me are, sort of, and where they're going.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.46,0:05:08.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And same with the other cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.43,0:05:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can have a precise idea of where they are,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.24,0:05:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sort of a vague idea of where the other cars are.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.39,0:05:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens if two cars share that data,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.62,0:05:17.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they talk to each other?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.57,0:05:20.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can tell you exactly what happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.35,0:05:22.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both models improve.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.69,0:05:24.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody wins.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.75,0:05:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Professor Bob Wang and his team
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.32,0:05:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have done computer simulations of what happens
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.06,0:05:33.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when fuzzy estimates combine, even in light traffic,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.49,0:05:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when cars just share GPS data,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.12,0:05:38.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we've moved this research out of the computer simulation
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.63,0:05:41.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and into robot test beds that have the actual sensors
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.66,0:05:44.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are in cars now on these robots:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.79,0:05:46.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stereo cameras, GPS,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.63,0:05:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the two-dimensional laser range finders
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.50,0:05:50.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are common in backup systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.74,0:05:55.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also attach a discrete short-range communication radio,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.22,0:05:57.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the robots talk to each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.13,0:05:58.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When these robots come at each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.67,0:06:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they track each other's position precisely,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.64,0:06:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they can avoid each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.38,0:06:07.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're now adding more and more robots into the mix,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.61,0:06:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we encountered some problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.08,0:06:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the problems, when you get too much chatter,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.44,0:06:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's hard to process all the packets, so you have to prioritize,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.16,0:06:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's where the predictive model helps you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.52,0:06:21.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If your robot cars are all tracking the predicted trajectories,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.89,0:06:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't pay as much attention to those packets.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.66,0:06:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You prioritize the one guy
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.36,0:06:26.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who seems to be going a little off course.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.70,0:06:29.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That guy could be a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.22,0:06:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can predict the new trajectory.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.22,0:06:34.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you don't only know that he's going off course, you know how.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.99,0:06:38.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you know which drivers you need to alert to get out of the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.71,0:06:41.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we wanted to do -- how can we best alert everyone?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.35,0:06:44.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can these cars whisper, "You need to get out of the way?"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.53,0:06:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it depends on two things:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.05,0:06:48.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one, the ability of the car,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.22,0:06:51.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and second the ability of the driver.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.43,0:06:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If one guy has a really great car,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.94,0:06:55.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're on their phone or, you know, doing something,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.86,0:06:57.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're not probably in the best position
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.79,0:07:00.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to react in an emergency.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.76,0:07:02.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we started a separate line of research
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.43,0:07:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing driver state modeling.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.98,0:07:07.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now, using a series of three cameras,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.31,0:07:09.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can detect if a driver is looking forward,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.58,0:07:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking away, looking down, on the phone,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.44,0:07:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or having a cup of coffee.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.50,0:07:17.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can predict the accident
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.57,0:07:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can predict who, which cars,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.22,0:07:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are in the best position to move out of the way
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.70,0:07:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to calculate the safest route for everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.71,0:07:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fundamentally, these technologies exist today.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.35,0:07:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the biggest problem that we face
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.17,0:07:38.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is our own willingness to share our data.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.19,0:07:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's a very disconcerting notion,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.82,0:07:43.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this idea that our cars will be watching us,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.20,0:07:46.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talking about us to other cars,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.57,0:07:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we'll be going down the road in a sea of gossip.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.00,0:07:53.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I believe it can be done in a way that protects our privacy,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.90,0:07:57.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like right now, when I look at your car from the outside,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.64,0:08:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't really know about you.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.00,0:08:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I look at your license plate number,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.14,0:08:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't really know who you are.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.02,0:08:07.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe our cars can talk about us behind our backs.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.27,0:08:10.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.25,0:08:13.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think it's going to be a great thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.43,0:08:15.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want you to consider for a moment
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.08,0:08:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you really don't want the distracted teenager behind you
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.20,0:08:21.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to know that you're braking,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.32,0:08:24.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you're coming to a dead stop.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.25,0:08:26.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By sharing our data willingly,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.99,0:08:29.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can do what's best for everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.80,0:08:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let your car gossip about you.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.88,0:08:35.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's going to make the roads a lot safer.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.91,0:08:37.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.70,0:08:42.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)