[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.54,0:00:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Marcelo, here we have the Amazon map
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.50,0:00:09.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that shows us the deforestation area data,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.30,0:00:09.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which you are showing to us
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.99,0:00:10.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you explain what is the relationship between this information
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.33,0:00:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the theme we are working on our at this Camp: "evidence and influence".
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.96,0:00:22.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you think these two things are related?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.28,0:00:24.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are your thoughts about these subjects?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.99,0:00:29.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This map is a work made with satellite images,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.38,0:00:32.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you are able, nowadays, to measure, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.06,0:00:34.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much forest we have lost.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.52,0:00:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite, that we have lost so much forest,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.57,0:00:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we still have...This is still the largest tropical forest area on the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.26,0:00:52.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This forest is critical for several environmental services, mainly, those linked with the regulation of the climate,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.48,0:00:58.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the water steam produced by the forest that is then transferred across other regions
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.11,0:01:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This map also excludes some evidence
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.04,0:01:06.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we cannot see on a map of this scale and
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.21,0:01:12.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is the 'forest degradation'.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.17,0:01:14.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not the total forest area deforestation, but
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.39,0:01:17.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is the cutting down of some forest trees or species.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.75,0:01:22.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, 'forest degradation' is actually liked with some specific species?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.56,0:01:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Exactly, specific species, for example, that are used in the lumber industry or the coal industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.36,0:01:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Specific species (of trees) are used for the coal industries.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.22,0:01:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have the coal industry in Brazil and some of these are
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.13,0:01:38.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,producing iron ore. These industries are clearing the
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.72,0:01:45.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remains of forest areas in some regions, mainly in Pará state region.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.52,0:01:50.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Behind this destructive work,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.37,0:01:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have a very bad, a violent reality.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.11,0:02:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, the greatest disputation in the Amazon, today,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.76,0:02:03.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is the natural resources disputation.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.73,0:02:10.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This dispute, generally, is been carried out in a violent way.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.96,0:02:14.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you can see on this map, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.46,0:02:16.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is a 'protected areas' map,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.81,0:02:21.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have several protected areas and indigenous territories too.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.69,0:02:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In these indigenous territories, the indigenous people
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.77,0:02:27.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have more ability to protect their areas but
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.56,0:02:29.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is not the same in 'protected areas'.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.58,0:02:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Brazil, like in another South American countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.64,0:02:36.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are specific protected areas that are demarcated
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.49,0:02:40.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to support the survival of local communities.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.34,0:02:44.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those communities are vulnerable because
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.62,0:02:48.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the areas were created, but there is no governance.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.13,0:02:52.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The government is not there helping these communities.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.61,0:02:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a lot of different examples... I..
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.76,0:03:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've lost one of my friends here, José Cláudio and Maria, his wife.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.08,0:03:02.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was killed because she was with him.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.28,0:03:05.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where did it happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.09,0:03:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It happened in 'Nova Pichuna', in Pará state, in 2011,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.60,0:03:15.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,four months after his interview in TEDx,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.35,0:03:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he reported that he had been issued death threats.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.32,0:03:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why did he die? He died because he used to guard the forest,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.89,0:03:25.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his piece of land, the land the government gave him.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.100,0:03:28.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a tiny piece of land, with 100 ha (0.38 mi²).
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.79,0:03:33.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The lumbermen and farms in this area are looking for...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.55,0:03:39.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the lumbermen are looking for the wood.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.32,0:03:46.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These areas were donated by the government to the local communities for their use in sustainable practices.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.42,0:03:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The farmers want to rent these lands for cattle,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.96,0:03:54.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they can pull together various tiny areas to make a large farm
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.51,0:03:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they cast out the local farmers and take their properties.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.14,0:04:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My friend Jose was denouncing this and he was killed because of this.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.29,0:04:06.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,José Claudio's death was felt by a lot of Brazilian people?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.78,0:04:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Activists across the whole country were moved.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.04,0:04:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Exactly. Because it is very hard to see threats like this one:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.16,0:04:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the freedom of speech, the violence and intimidation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.49,0:04:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've recently heard a description of a friend of mine how had participated in
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.05,0:04:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,José Cláudio murders' judgement and it is
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.53,0:04:29.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the politics in this Brazilian region (North).
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.85,0:04:40.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The dynamics are so local, the problems are solved by the local inhabitants (not the police)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.57,0:04:42.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and none of the other Brazilian regions know about this violence situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.64,0:04:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where I live, we do not get a lot of these dynamics.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.72,0:04:46.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,José Cláudio's story is a emblematic case,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.79,0:04:51.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the fact that his speech was made at TEDx,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.20,0:04:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this made him more well known among people,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.08,0:04:59.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a public figure: his speech is on internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.88,0:05:03.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many people have heard his story.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.17,0:05:08.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like him, we have a lot of leaders who have been murdered
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.82,0:05:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they have continuously been murdered. Other people have been murdered after him,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.10,0:05:17.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but those people are not known. So, the big question is
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.09,0:05:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to make public the stories of those people who are dying.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.22,0:05:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fact of knowing though like, in the case of José Cláudio,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.43,0:05:30.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose situation was more known,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.45,0:05:34.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unfortunately, it was still not possible to prevent his death.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.29,0:05:37.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No. Actually, I want to ask you.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.09,0:05:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have information and we are able to point out the problem, but
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.74,0:05:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how could we invert the dynamics and use the information we have
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.04,0:05:49.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to do more effective activism in these Amazon regions?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.33,0:05:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think, actually, we have information, but
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.94,0:05:55.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is not used as it should be.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.35,0:05:59.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should show this more, put more pressure on the government.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.75,0:06:03.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The government knows. The 'Comissão Pastoral da Terra' (Pastoral Land Commission),
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.12,0:06:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an organisation administrated by the catholic church, has a list of people under threat.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.51,0:06:11.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you take this list you can check like this: this one is dead, this is dead, dead....
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.23,0:06:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is unacceptable!
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.56,0:06:19.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is unacceptable. Not just the government, but also the society has to do something about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.83,0:06:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we think about 'the government', we think just about the executive government,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.68,0:06:33.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what about the judiciary? Less than 1% these murder cases were solved.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.72,0:06:35.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to change this reality.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.55,0:06:38.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why is it happening? Are they waiting for judgments?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.21,0:06:41.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, these cases never getting into court?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.69,0:06:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The police never collect enough evidence of the murders,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.84,0:06:50.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is corruption in the police and in the judiciary.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.67,0:06:55.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The prosecutors who accuse are not good,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.19,0:06:57.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are not able to accomplish the prosecution.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.46,0:07:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, it is not possible to point to the masterminds of the crimes, or the murders.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.32,0:07:05.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And It was what happened in the case of José Cláudio, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.97,0:07:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, it is exactly what happened in the case of José Cláudio.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.31,0:07:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the same thing happened in an even more well known case, that is the case of Sister Dorothy.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.00,0:07:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2005, Sister (a nun) Dorothy was killed.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.12,0:07:23.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A Sister... It is hard to talk about it.. because..
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.02,0:07:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was 70 years old...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.10,0:07:31.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was a friend...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.00,0:07:36.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she has been killed with the Bible in hands, you know?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.71,0:07:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are aware of who are the masterminds..
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.82,0:07:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Is not it possible to gather enough proof? Just one of them has been indicted,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.28,0:07:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is really sad, you know? We cannot accept that! Loosing friends, and....
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.52,0:07:56.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they are people who are important to keep as this world's treasure! That is unacceptable!
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.68,0:08:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a country where a 70 year old lady, a sister, a nun died and
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.07,0:08:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not possible to prosecute the real masterminds?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.56,0:08:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the Amazon we call it a 'consortium'
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.68,0:08:17.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Usually, people are killed by a 'consortium'
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.49,0:08:22.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most well known people, those who really generate problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.35,0:08:26.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The real troubles makers are those people who work illegally (in the Amazon).
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.97,0:08:33.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What they do is to create a 'consortium' between several farmers.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.12,0:08:35.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They get together to pay the murderers and
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.78,0:08:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one member of the consortium is selected to
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.36,0:08:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be indicted in the case that the police actually find out what happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.20,0:08:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is what is happening there, so
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.74,0:08:45.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there still are lots of people being threatened.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.47,0:08:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Things are better in some areas. But there still are too many issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.93,0:08:56.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that while we activists should highlight this even more
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.10,0:09:02.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,José Cláudio was just one of many hidden people (under threat) and a journalist decided
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.53,0:09:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring him to TEDx and show his face and due to this
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.43,0:09:12.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was possible for us to call people's attention to his case
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.18,0:09:14.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at least to arrest the murderers.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.62,0:09:18.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it was not like that he would have been just one more statistic.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.22,0:09:24.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I believe that 'evidence' brings to light what is happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.40,0:09:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, you know how It is like in this region, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.12,0:09:36.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you think the local people deal with this Amazon issue,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.51,0:09:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that involves politics, deforestation...
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.04,0:09:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The network between these people is strong and they understand what they are doing pretty well.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.30,0:09:50.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They know they are protecting social and human rights
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.42,0:09:53.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.81,0:10:00.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the most part they understand the connection between the environment and human beings.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.09,0:10:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is no rupture between these two things.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.92,0:10:06.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is different for farmers think, they have separeted these two things
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.94,0:10:09.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they face the forest as though they are trammels.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.100,0:10:13.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For them to develop It is necessery to take this trammer off.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.23,0:10:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another thing is that most aware people
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.14,0:10:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,insist on staying there
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.89,0:10:21.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to keep protecting their area. This is a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.61,0:10:28.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not everyone agrees in protecting themselves first, you know?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.65,0:10:33.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here at camp we are in touch with lots of people from
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.42,0:10:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,international organisations, people worried in promoting human rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.05,0:10:40.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They deal with new technologies and are having,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.29,0:10:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through this video, the opportunity to
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.22,0:10:43.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talk with this international community.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.85,0:10:47.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How could these international organisations help to transform
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.41,0:10:50.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this reality that is so clear for those who work there,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.64,0:10:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so as to make political action more effective, defending people from the violence and
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.68,0:10:59.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the protection against the Amazon deforestation?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.53,0:11:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that they can help local organisations
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.80,0:11:05.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are already there and are working in order to reduce the violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.03,0:11:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They could amplify their voices,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.76,0:11:14.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,help people hear and pay attention to what is happening there.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.65,0:11:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are several local organisations.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.99,0:11:23.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 'Comissão Pastoral da Terra' (Pastoral Land Commission) is one of them
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.11,0:11:27.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and It could be contacted for a list of other local organisations.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.86,0:11:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I should say this situation does not happen just in Brazil, It also happens in Peru.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.66,0:11:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for those who are far from Brazil,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.26,0:11:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to gather information on internet about what is happening,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.02,0:11:46.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what would be the best first step?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.58,0:11:53.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are these organisations that have the data,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.43,0:11:59.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is government data. But, it is hard to gather all the information available.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.82,0:12:01.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mainly, for those who are abroad, isn't it?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.20,0:12:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Brazilian Public Prosecutor also has
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.58,0:12:09.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a list of people who have been threatened in the region.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.70,0:12:16.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The point is that there is not any campaign, national or even regional campaign
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.71,0:12:21.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we can use to move in the direction of the disclosure of the information.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.40,0:12:28.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also think that organising the information would also be a way to really make a difference.