[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.20,0:00:21.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello, everyone.\NMy name is Hiromu Yakura.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.55,0:00:24.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started programming\Nwhen I was in the seventh grade.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.71,0:00:27.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've worked as a programmer since then.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.13,0:00:30.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have some experience in attending\Nthe defense readiness condition,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.32,0:00:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which Mr. Shinoda talked about\Nin the second session.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.60,0:00:38.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a programmer, I am often asked,\N"What is your favorite subject?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.73,0:00:41.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a very common question.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.33,0:00:44.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They often say,\N"You like math, don't you?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.69,0:00:49.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, I like social studies\Nsuch as ethics, politics and economics.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.75,0:00:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think very few people\Ncan't visualize clearly
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.74,0:00:58.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what these studies are, especially ethics.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.74,0:01:02.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Put briefly, I like "history of ideas."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.03,0:01:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is "history of ideas"?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.06,0:01:08.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It teaches us the history\Nof our thoughts
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.71,0:01:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as "what makes us human?",
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.98,0:01:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or "what makes the world?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.10,0:01:20.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By learning what human beings\Nhave thought in the past,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.29,0:01:23.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we discover the rules\Nof the human beings and the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.63,0:01:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We learn how to to relativize\Nthe relation between humans and the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.46,0:01:34.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what the history of ideas is about.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.46,0:01:35.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thales of Miletus said:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.67,0:01:37.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Water is the primary\Nprinciple of nature."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.87,0:01:40.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What he means exactly is that\Nthe world is made of water.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.75,0:01:44.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to Heraclitus of Ephesus,\N"Everything is constantly changing."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.22,0:01:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, many people have thought\Nmany different things
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.84,0:01:49.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the world and humanity.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.11,0:01:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've studied such history.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.87,0:01:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was especially attracted
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.12,0:02:01.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the idea of Hegel,\Na German philosopher.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.100,0:02:05.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His thought covered various fields
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.97,0:02:12.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from human spirit to patriotism,\Nhistory or esthetics.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.19,0:02:17.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I like his systematic modelization\Nof different things.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.54,0:02:24.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To modelize is to organize various\Nthings related by logical coherence,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.73,0:02:29.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, Newton elicited\Nthe "law of gravitation"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.25,0:02:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the fact that when you release\Nsomething, it falls down on the earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.50,0:02:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that the earth goes around the sun.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.55,0:02:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He made up a logical modeling.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.44,0:02:49.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually the procedure of modelization\Nis quite similar to programming.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.88,0:02:52.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take a car navigation system\Nas an example.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.09,0:02:55.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you car is most probably equipped\Nwith a navigation system.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.12,0:02:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it finds your easiest and best route
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.48,0:03:00.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What makes this possible
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.69,0:03:03.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the modelization\Nof actual roads and traffic jams,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.56,0:03:06.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in other word, a mathematical\Nmechanism makes this possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.85,0:03:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Computers will find routes successfully.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.37,0:03:20.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hegel has developed\Na modelization method called "dialectic".
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.38,0:03:22.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me explain very briefly.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.95,0:03:26.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If there is a "thesis"\Nand its "antithesis",
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.73,0:03:30.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the model doesn't believe any,\Nnor criticize them.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.31,0:03:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It reviews the contradiction\Nand makes adjustments.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.92,0:03:39.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It extracts more essential metaphysics.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.83,0:03:42.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is the dialectic.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.58,0:03:47.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One idea occurred to me\Nwhen I learn this Hegel way of thinking
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.36,0:03:53.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens if we apply the concept\Nof Hegel to this era?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.76,0:03:58.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We live in the world, in which computers\Nwill take the place of human.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.25,0:04:00.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I wonder what could happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.51,0:04:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take an example.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.18,0:04:06.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a past problem\Nin the entrance exam of an university.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.74,0:04:10.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we solve it by ourselves,\Nwe calculate on a paper like this
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.53,0:04:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and finally figure out the solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.82,0:04:19.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you access to "wolframalpa.com"\Nand enter the formula,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.94,0:04:25.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will receive the solution instantly.\NIn addition, it provides a graph.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.29,0:04:29.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No wonder you don't feel\Nmotivated to study.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.51,0:04:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another example is Larry Page, Google CEO.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.42,0:04:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "Robots and computers\Nwill replace our jobs
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.94,0:04:42.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,due to rapid AI development."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.21,0:04:46.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to a thesis\Nby the University of Oxford,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.58,0:04:53.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,robots will replace\N47% of American jobs in 20 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.42,0:05:01.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the case of data input,\Nthe probability rises to 99%.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.19,0:05:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For referee and\Ninsurance certification: 98%.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.46,0:05:10.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Robots will replace all these people.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.80,0:05:16.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I get back on track.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.72,0:05:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Owing to the AI, machine learning\Nor robot engineering,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.36,0:05:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technology potential is\Ndramatically spreading.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.35,0:05:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What should we do\Nunder such circumstances?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.50,0:05:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Should we be pessimistic\Nabout no meaning of existence
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.50,0:05:40.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or shall we be free\Nfrom work alienation?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.61,0:05:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,None of them are correct according to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.72,0:05:49.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have a new way of thinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.30,0:05:55.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we need to compare the differences\Nbetween human beings and computers.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.12,0:06:02.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This copy android of Dr. Hiroshi\NIshigiuro was made by him,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.59,0:06:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the czar of humanoid robot research.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.81,0:06:09.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He explained the significance\Nto make this type of android
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.41,0:06:15.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he can review "what human are"\Nby spending time with close android.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.27,0:06:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another example is
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.98,0:06:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the theoretical experiment\Nof virtual musicians.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.52,0:06:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The experiment has the objective\Nto test the assumption
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.60,0:06:28.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether we can be moved by music\Ncomposed by computers.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.59,0:06:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you think of that?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.11,0:06:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are moved by music that we acknowledge\Nhas been composed by computers,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.30,0:06:40.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it means that we are moved\Nby the content of the music itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.60,0:06:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But our very knowledge that the music\Nwas composed by a machine
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.56,0:06:46.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could prevent us from being moved by it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.15,0:06:50.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this case, it could mean that\Nwe are moved by the existence of a human
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.29,0:06:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose feelings are translated\Nin the music itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.79,0:07:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are moved when Usain Bolt made\Nthe world record in the Olympic Games.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.00,0:07:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we are not moved\Nwhen cars run at the same speed.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.96,0:07:08.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could say it's the same phenomena.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.64,0:07:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, we may be moved
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.98,0:07:13.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we learn about the\Ntremendous efforts and difficulties
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.90,0:07:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,overcome by the computers\Nto compose music.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.72,0:07:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this case, we could say\Nthat we are moved
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.16,0:07:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the story of the composing machine.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.39,0:07:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is the meaning of comparison\Nbetween human beings and computers?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.92,0:07:37.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that we try to move\Nour hearts with computers.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.56,0:07:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I want to introduce\None of my actual research.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.56,0:07:47.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have developed a program designed\Nto find the theme of any music.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.69,0:07:50.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you know what theme of music is?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.21,0:07:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Briefly speaking, it is melodic climax.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.84,0:08:00.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Generally most musics are composed\Nby combination and repetition
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.62,0:08:05.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of "A melody", "B melody" and "theme".
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.49,0:08:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how does the program find the theme?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.11,0:08:15.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I first thought that finding\Nthe repetition would make it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.27,0:08:18.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The program finds out the repetitions.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.70,0:08:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Based on the aforementioned rules,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.88,0:08:25.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it detects melody A and melody B\Nand infers that it could be the theme.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.66,0:08:28.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is how conventional\Nprograms are working.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.41,0:08:31.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this method has reached its limit.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.89,0:08:35.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A factor that made it reach\Nits limit is "Vocaloid",
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.73,0:08:38.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a software to compose music.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.22,0:08:42.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't matter if you are\Na professional composer or not,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.71,0:08:46.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this software makes composition easy,\Neven for amateurs.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.96,0:08:51.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The result is that much\Nunique music is created.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.25,0:08:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So many musics don't follow the rules.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.68,0:08:59.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And most of them are posted on "Niconico",
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.98,0:09:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,video sharing website.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.76,0:09:06.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that there is no limit\Nto the length of the music.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.42,0:09:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can compose various kinds of music
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.64,0:09:12.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from very short to over 10 minutes.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.30,0:09:16.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a result, I can't use\Nthe method I had been using until now.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.72,0:09:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I created a new method\Nto detect themes more accurately
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.22,0:09:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by analyzing the comments posted
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.36,0:09:29.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the musics on Niconico.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.65,0:09:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Put simply, I extract the major elements\Nfrom the comments,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.42,0:09:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and look for the theme parts\Nthat are related to the comments.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.48,0:09:40.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.51,0:09:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I attended a science and technology \Nconvention for high school students
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.42,0:09:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and received a "Minister award\Nfor science and technology policy" for it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.37,0:09:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a mouthful award.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.72,0:09:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could also attend an Intel convention\Nas a representative of Japan,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.14,0:10:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where I received the "award\Nof Fondazione Bruno Kessler."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.34,0:10:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was the technical part of my talk.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.85,0:10:07.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would like to talk about the emotions\NI felt during the process.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.52,0:10:10.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about the boundary\Nbetween what human beings can do
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.25,0:10:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what machine can do.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.70,0:10:17.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Combining the comments to the music
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.85,0:10:21.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is grounded in the idea\Nto link the music to a human being.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.33,0:10:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even when you combine it to the comments,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.52,0:10:28.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is not always possible\Nto detect the theme.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.84,0:10:31.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But usually, we find it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.80,0:10:37.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for me, the theme opacity\Nis filled with humanity.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.96,0:10:43.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are developing technologies\Nmore and more in our time.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.84,0:10:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is my conviction that there are things\Nthat only humans are able to realize
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.68,0:10:51.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under the well-developed\Ntechnology society.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.60,0:10:56.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that we find the answer\Nto our survival
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.99,0:11:00.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the very boundary\Nbetween humans and machines.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.75,0:11:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A philosopher said:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.50,0:11:08.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Alienation of labor causes\Nthe alienation of human by human,"
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.61,0:11:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He thought "working" is what makes\Nman worthy of the name.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.76,0:11:16.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.82,0:11:22.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"creativity" is what makes\Nman worthy of the name.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.98,0:11:25.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.74,0:11:28.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)