[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.10,0:00:02.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fourteen years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.31,0:00:05.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I stood in the Supreme Court\Nto argue my first case.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.50,0:00:06.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it wasn't just any case,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.91,0:00:08.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was a case that experts called
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.77,0:00:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the most important cases\Nthe Supreme Court had ever heard.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.75,0:00:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It considered whether Guantanamo\Nwas constitutional,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.04,0:00:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and whether the Geneva Conventions\Napplied to the war on terror.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.57,0:00:22.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was just a handful of years\Nafter the horrific attacks
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.73,0:00:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of September 11.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.24,0:00:27.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Supreme Court\Nhad seven Republican appointees
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.36,0:00:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and two Democratic ones,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.23,0:00:32.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and my client happened to be\NOsama bin Laden's driver.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.15,0:00:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My opponent was the Solicitor General\Nof the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.16,0:00:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,America's top courtroom lawyer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.05,0:00:39.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had argued 35 cases.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.100,0:00:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wasn't even 35 years old.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.29,0:00:43.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to make matters worse,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.87,0:00:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Senate, for the first time\Nsince the Civil War,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.07,0:00:51.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,passed a bill to try and remove the case\Nfrom the docket of the Supreme Court.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.89,0:00:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the speaking coaches say
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.54,0:00:56.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm supposed to build tension\Nand not tell you what happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.16,0:00:58.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the thing is, we won.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.87,0:01:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.07,0:01:02.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, I'm going to talk\Nabout how to win an argument,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.80,0:01:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the Supreme Court or anywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.20,0:01:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The conventional wisdom\Nis that you speak with confidence.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.49,0:01:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's how you persuade.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.64,0:01:13.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that's wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.12,0:01:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think confidence\Nis the enemy of persuasion.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.74,0:01:18.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Persuasion is about empathy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.84,0:01:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about getting into people's heads.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.23,0:01:23.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what makes TED what it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.20,0:01:25.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's why you're listening to this talk.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.41,0:01:27.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You could have read it on the cold page,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.37,0:01:28.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you didn't.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.55,0:01:30.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Same thing with Supreme Court arguments --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.74,0:01:33.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we write written briefs with cold pages,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.79,0:01:35.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we also have an oral argument.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.56,0:01:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't just have a system\Nin which the justices write questions
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.57,0:01:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you write answers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.90,0:01:42.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.11,0:01:44.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because argument is about interaction.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.55,0:01:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to take you behind the scenes\Nto tell you what I did,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.09,0:01:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how these lessons are generalizable.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.50,0:01:53.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not just for winning an argument in court,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.15,0:01:55.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for something far more profound.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.70,0:01:58.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now obviously,\Nit's going to involve practice,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.41,0:02:00.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not just any practice will do.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.32,0:02:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My first practice session for Guantanamo,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.50,0:02:03.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I flew up to Harvard
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.69,0:02:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had all these legendary professors\Nthrowing questions at me.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.27,0:02:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even though I had read everything,\Nrehearsed a million times,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.81,0:02:14.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wasn't persuading anyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.04,0:02:16.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My arguments weren't resonating.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.19,0:02:17.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was desperate.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.41,0:02:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had done everything possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.93,0:02:21.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,read every book,\Nrehearsed a million times,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.37,0:02:23.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it wasn't going anywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.15,0:02:25.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So ultimately, I stumbled on this guy --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.30,0:02:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was an acting coach,\Nhe wasn't even a lawyer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.61,0:02:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He'd never set foot in the Supreme Court.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.86,0:02:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he came into my office one day\Nwearing a billowy white shirt
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.41,0:02:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a bolo tie,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.44,0:02:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he looked at me\Nwith my folded arms and said,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.97,0:02:40.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Look, Neal, I can tell
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.95,0:02:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you don't think\Nthis is going to work,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.01,0:02:44.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but just humor me.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.34,0:02:45.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tell me your argument."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.64,0:02:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I grabbed my legal pad,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.31,0:02:49.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I started reading my argument.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.36,0:02:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "What are you doing?"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.82,0:02:52.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "I'm telling you my argument."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.70,0:02:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "Your argument is a legal pad?"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.69,0:02:57.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "No, but my argument\Nis on a legal pad."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.55,0:02:59.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "Neal, look at me.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.80,0:03:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tell me your argument."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.03,0:03:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I did.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.42,0:03:05.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And instantly, I realized,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.33,0:03:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my points were resonating.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.06,0:03:09.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was connecting to another human being.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.33,0:03:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he could see the smile\Nstarting to form
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.38,0:03:15.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as I was saying my words,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.18,0:03:16.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he said, "OK, Neal.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.97,0:03:19.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now do your argument holding my hand."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.25,0:03:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I said, "What?"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.100,0:03:24.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he said, "Yeah, hold my hand."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.09,0:03:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was desperate, so I did it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.82,0:03:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I realized, "Wow, that's connection.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.47,0:03:32.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the power of how to persuade."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.12,0:03:34.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it helped.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.33,0:03:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But truthfully, I still got nervous\Nas the argument date approached.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.80,0:03:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I knew that even though argument
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.95,0:03:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was about getting\Ninto someone else's shoes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.22,0:03:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and empathizing,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.48,0:03:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I needed to have a solid core first.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.27,0:03:48.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I did something\Noutside of my comfort zone.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.78,0:03:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wore jewelry -- not just anything,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.08,0:03:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a bracelet that my father\Nhad worn his whole life,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.36,0:03:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until he passed away,\Njust a few months before the argument.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.62,0:03:58.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I put on a tie
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.81,0:04:01.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that my mom had given me\Njust for the occasion.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.64,0:04:05.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I took out my legal pad\Nand wrote my children's names on it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.79,0:04:07.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's why I was doing this.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.95,0:04:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For them, to leave the country better\Nthan I had found it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.60,0:04:13.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got to court, and I was calm.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.91,0:04:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The bracelet, the tie,\Nthe children's names
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.24,0:04:18.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had all centered me.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.82,0:04:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like a rock climber\Nextending beyond the precipice,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.93,0:04:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you have a solid hold,\Nyou can reach out.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.12,0:04:28.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because argument is about persuasion,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.63,0:04:30.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I knew I had to avoid emotion.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.98,0:04:32.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Displays of emotion fail.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.85,0:04:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's kind of like writing an email\Nin all bold and all caps.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.28,0:04:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It persuades no one.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.80,0:04:39.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's then about you, the speaker,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.01,0:04:42.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not about the listener or the receiver.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.73,0:04:46.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now look, in some settings,\Nthe solution is to be emotional.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.32,0:04:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're arguing with your parents,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.93,0:04:49.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you use emotion and it works.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.90,0:04:51.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.07,0:04:52.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because your parents love you.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.54,0:04:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Supreme Court justices don't love you.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.73,0:04:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't like to think of themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.57,0:04:58.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the type of people\Npersuaded by emotion.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.60,0:05:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I reverse engineered that insight too,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.01,0:05:05.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,setting a trap for my opponent\Nto provoke his emotional reaction,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.04,0:05:08.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I could be seen as the calm\Nand steady voice of the law.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.11,0:05:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it worked.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.44,0:05:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I remember sitting in the courtroom\Nto learn that we had won.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.59,0:05:17.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That the Guantanamo tribunals\Nwere coming down.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.44,0:05:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I went out onto the courthouse steps\Nand there was a media firestorm.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.58,0:05:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Five hundred cameras,\Nand they're all asking me,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.88,0:05:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What does the decision mean,\Nwhat does it say?"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.19,0:05:28.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the decision was 185 pages long.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.50,0:05:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hadn't had time to read it, nobody had.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.72,0:05:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I knew what it meant.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.07,0:05:34.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here's what I said\Non the steps of the Court.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.96,0:05:36.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Here's what happened today.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.54,0:05:38.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have the lowest of the low --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.47,0:05:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this guy, who was accused\Nof being bin Laden's driver,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.82,0:05:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the most horrible men around.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.92,0:05:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he sued not just anyone,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.98,0:05:48.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the nation, indeed,\Nthe world's most powerful man,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.89,0:05:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the president of the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.92,0:05:53.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he brings it not in some\Nrinky-dink traffic court,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.74,0:05:55.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in the highest court of the land,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.81,0:05:58.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Supreme Court of the United States ...
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.26,0:05:59.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he wins.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.91,0:06:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's something remarkable\Nabout this country.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.01,0:06:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In many other countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.69,0:06:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this driver would have been shot,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.58,0:06:08.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just for bringing his case.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.47,0:06:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And more of the point for me,\Nhis lawyer would have been shot.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.42,0:06:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's what makes America different.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.54,0:06:15.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What makes America special."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.57,0:06:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because of that decision,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.33,0:06:20.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Geneva conventions\Napply to the war on terror,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.04,0:06:22.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which meant the end\Nof ghost prisons worldwide,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.75,0:06:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the end of waterboarding worldwide
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.79,0:06:28.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and an end to those Guantanamo\Nmilitary tribunals.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.28,0:06:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By methodically building the case,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.52,0:06:32.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and getting into the justices' heads,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.82,0:06:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were able to quite literally\Nchange the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.61,0:06:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sounds easy, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.28,0:06:39.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can practice a lot,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.92,0:06:41.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,avoid displays of emotion,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.40,0:06:43.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you, too, can win any argument.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.78,0:06:46.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm sorry to say, it's not that simple,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.38,0:06:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my strategies aren't foolproof,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.34,0:06:50.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and while I've won\Nmore Supreme Court cases
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.84,0:06:52.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than most anyone,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.22,0:06:54.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've also lost a lot too.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.26,0:06:56.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indeed, after Donald Trump was elected,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.73,0:07:00.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was, constitutionally\Nspeaking, terrified.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.49,0:07:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please understand,\Nthis is not about Left versus Right,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.11,0:07:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or anything like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.43,0:07:06.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not here to talk about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.23,0:07:08.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But just a week in\Nto the new president's term,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.86,0:07:11.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you might remember\Nthose scenes at the airports.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.55,0:07:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President Trump had campaigned\Non a pledge, saying, quote,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.70,0:07:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I, Donald J. Trump am calling\Nfor a complete and total shutdown
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.60,0:07:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all Muslim immigration\Nto the United States."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.62,0:07:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he also said, quote,\N"I think Islam hates us."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.82,0:07:27.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he made good on that promise,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.67,0:07:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,banning immigration from seven countries\Nwith overwhelmingly Muslim populations.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.39,0:07:36.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My legal team and others\Nwent into court right away and sued,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.01,0:07:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and got that first travel ban struck down.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.86,0:07:41.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trump revised it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.28,0:07:43.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We went into court again\Nand got that struck down.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.90,0:07:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He revised it again,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.95,0:07:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and changed it, adding North Korea,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.30,0:07:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we all know,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.51,0:07:53.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the United States had a tremendous\Nimmigration problem with North Korea.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.35,0:07:56.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it did enable his lawyers\Nto go to the Supreme Court and say,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.78,0:07:59.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"See, this isn't discriminating\Nagainst Muslims,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.06,0:08:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it includes these other people too."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.16,0:08:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I thought we had\Nthe killer answer to that.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.94,0:08:06.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I won't bore you with the details,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.86,0:08:08.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the thing is, we lost.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.16,0:08:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Five votes to four.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.96,0:08:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was devastated.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.35,0:08:15.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was worried my powers\Nof persuasion had waned.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.05,0:08:17.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, two things happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.77,0:08:18.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first was,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.01,0:08:22.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I noticed a part of the Supreme\NCourt's travel ban opinion
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.60,0:08:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that discussed the Japanese\NAmerican interment.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.67,0:08:27.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was a horrific moment in our history,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.69,0:08:32.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which over 100,000 Japanese Americans\Nhad been interned in camps.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.02,0:08:35.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My favorite person\Nto challenge this scheme
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.44,0:08:36.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was Gordon Hirabayashi,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.77,0:08:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a University of Washington student.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.97,0:08:41.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He turned himself in to the FBI,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.15,0:08:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who said, "Look,\Nyou're a first-time offender,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.33,0:08:44.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can go home."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.53,0:08:45.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Gordon said,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.73,0:08:49.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"No, I'm a Quaker,\NI have to resist unjust laws,"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.86,0:08:52.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so they arrested him\Nand he was convicted.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.45,0:08:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gordon's case made it\Nto the Supreme Court.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.11,0:08:56.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And again, I'm going to do that thing
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.91,0:08:59.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where I quash any sense\Nof anticipation you have,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.39,0:09:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and tell you what happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.19,0:09:02.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gordon lost.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.51,0:09:04.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But he lost because of a simple reason.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.21,0:09:06.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the Solicitor General,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.81,0:09:09.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that top courtroom lawyer\Nfor the government,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.46,0:09:11.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,told the Supreme Court
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.24,0:09:15.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the Japanese American internment\Nwas justified by military necessity.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.12,0:09:17.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that was so,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.34,0:09:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though his own staff had discovered
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.82,0:09:23.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there was no need\Nfor the Japanese American interment
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.65,0:09:27.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that the FBI\Nand the intelligence community
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.11,0:09:28.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all believed that.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.56,0:09:31.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And indeed, that it was motivated\Nby racial prejudice.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.16,0:09:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His staff begged the Solicitor General,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.73,0:09:37.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Tell the truth, don't suppress evidence."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.71,0:09:39.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What did the Solicitor General do?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.51,0:09:40.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.72,0:09:44.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He went in and told\Nthe "military necessity" story.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.72,0:09:48.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the Court upheld\NGordon Hirabayashi's conviction.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.66,0:09:52.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the next year, upheld\NFred Korematsu's interment.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.26,0:09:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now why was I thinking about that?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.26,0:09:57.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because nearly 70 years later,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.40,0:09:59.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got to hold the same office,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.46,0:10:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Head of the Solicitor General's Office.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.73,0:10:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I got to set the record straight,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.92,0:10:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,explaining that the government\Nhad misrepresented the facts
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.14,0:10:10.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Japanese interment cases.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.65,0:10:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I thought about the Supreme\NCourt's travel ban opinion,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.23,0:10:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I realized something.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.77,0:10:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Supreme Court, in that opinion,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.50,0:10:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,went out of its way\Nto overrule the Korematsu case.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.21,0:10:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, not only had the Justice\NDepartment said
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.84,0:10:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Japanese interment was wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.22,0:10:30.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Supreme Court said so too.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.52,0:10:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a crucial lesson\Nabout arguments -- timing.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.38,0:10:38.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of you, when you're arguing,\Nhave that important lever to play.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.81,0:10:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When do you make your argument?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.93,0:10:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't just need the right argument,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.84,0:10:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you need the right argument\Nat the right moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.80,0:10:50.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When is it that your audience --\Na spouse, a boss, a child --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.40,0:10:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to be most receptive?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.24,0:10:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now look, sometimes,\Nit's totally out of your control.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.86,0:10:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Delay has costs that are too extensive.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.78,0:10:59.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so you've got to go in and fight
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.85,0:11:02.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you very well may, like me,\Nget the timing wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.93,0:11:04.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what we thought in the travel ban.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.96,0:11:06.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you see,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.13,0:11:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Supreme Court wasn't ready,\Nso early in President Trump's term,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.17,0:11:14.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to overrule his signature initiative,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.24,0:11:19.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just as it wasn't ready to overrule FDR's\NJapanese American interment.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.55,0:11:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And sometimes,\Nyou just have to take the risk.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.10,0:11:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it is so painful when you lose.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.01,0:11:26.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And patience is really hard.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.97,0:11:29.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that reminds me of the second lesson.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.24,0:11:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even if vindication comes later,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.38,0:11:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I realized how important the fight now is,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.64,0:11:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it inspires, because it educates.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.22,0:11:43.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember reading a column\Nby Ann Coulter about the Muslim ban.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.34,0:11:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's what she said.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.62,0:11:47.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Arguing against Trump\Nwas first-generation American,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.72,0:11:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Neal Katyal.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.08,0:11:52.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are plenty of\N10th-generation America-haters.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.38,0:11:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You couldn't get one of them to argue\Nwe should end our country
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.17,0:11:58.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through mass-immigration?"
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.03,0:11:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's when emotion,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.70,0:12:02.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is so anathema to a good argument,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.97,0:12:04.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was important to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.45,0:12:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It took emotion outside the courtroom\Nto get me back in.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.98,0:12:13.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I read Coulter's words, I was angry.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.84,0:12:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I rebel against the idea
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.48,0:12:19.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that being a first-generation American\Nwould disqualify me.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.95,0:12:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I rebel against the idea\Nthat mass immigration
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.22,0:12:24.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would end this country,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.81,0:12:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of recognizing that as literally\Nthe rock on which this country was built.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.02,0:12:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I read Coulter,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.34,0:12:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought about so many things in my past.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.13,0:12:35.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought about my dad,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.52,0:12:38.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who arrived here\Nwith eight dollars from India,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.16,0:12:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and didn't know whether to use\Nthe colored bathroom or the white one.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.00,0:12:45.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought about his first job offer,\Nat a slaughter house.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.52,0:12:47.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not a great job for a Hindu.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.30,0:12:51.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought about how, when we moved\Nto a new neighborhood in Chicago
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.66,0:12:53.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with one other Indian family,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.65,0:12:56.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that family had a cross \Nburned on its lawn.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.27,0:12:58.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the racists aren't very good
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.09,0:13:00.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at distinguishing between\NAfrican Americans and Hindus.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.96,0:13:03.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I thought about \Nall the hate mail I got
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.04,0:13:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during Guantanamo,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.34,0:13:05.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for being a Muslim lover.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.01,0:13:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, the racists aren't very good
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.72,0:13:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with distinctions between\NHindus and Muslims, either.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.60,0:13:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ann Coulter thought that being the child\Nof an immigrant was a weakness.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.03,0:13:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was profoundly, profoundly wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.90,0:13:20.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is my strength,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.54,0:13:24.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I knew what America\Nwas supposed to stand for.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.75,0:13:27.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I knew that in America,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.32,0:13:31.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,me, a child of a man who came here\Nwith eight dollars in his pocket,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.88,0:13:34.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could stand in the Supreme Court\Nof the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.77,0:13:37.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on behalf of a detested foreigner,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.13,0:13:39.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Osama bin Laden's driver,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.38,0:13:40.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and win.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.60,0:13:41.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it made me realize,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.98,0:13:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though I may have lost the case,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.62,0:13:46.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was right about the Muslim ban too.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.74,0:13:48.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No matter what the court decided,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.60,0:13:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they couldn't change the fact
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.14,0:13:52.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that immigrants\Ndo strengthen this country.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.68,0:13:56.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indeed, in many ways,\Nimmigrants love this country the most.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.98,0:13:59.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I read Ann Coulter's words,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.34,0:14:02.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought about the glorious\Nwords of our Constitution.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.40,0:14:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The First Amendment.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.73,0:14:07.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Congress shall make no law\Nestablishing religion.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.55,0:14:09.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought about our national creed,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.86,0:14:11.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"E plurbis unum,"
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.59,0:14:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"out of many come one."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.01,0:14:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of all, I realized,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.74,0:14:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the only way you can truly\Nlose an argument
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.15,0:14:20.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is by giving up.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.57,0:14:23.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I joined the lawsuit by the US Congress
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.66,0:14:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,challenging President Trump's addition\Nof a citizenship question to the census.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.95,0:14:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A decision with huge implications.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.38,0:14:32.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a really hard case.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.96,0:14:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most thought we would lose.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.96,0:14:36.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the thing is, we won.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.88,0:14:38.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Five votes to four.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.47,0:14:40.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Supreme Court basically said
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.31,0:14:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President Trump and his cabinet's\Nsecretary had lied.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.74,0:14:47.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now I've gotten back up\Nand rejoined the fight,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.59,0:14:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I hope each of you,\Nin your own ways, does so too.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.100,0:14:52.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm getting back up
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.19,0:14:55.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I'm a believer that good arguments\Ndo win out in the end.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.60,0:14:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The arc of justice is long,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.66,0:15:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bends, often, slowly,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.49,0:15:03.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it bends so long as we bend it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.60,0:15:07.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I've realized the question\Nis not how to win every argument.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.03,0:15:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's how to get back up when you do lose.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.18,0:15:12.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because in the long run,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.56,0:15:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,good arguments will win out.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.04,0:15:16.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you make a good argument,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.78,0:15:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has the power to outlive you,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.12,0:15:21.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to stretch beyond your core,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.18,0:15:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reach those future minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.83,0:15:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's why all of this\Nis so important.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.28,0:15:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not telling you how to win arguments\Nfor the sake of winning arguments.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.28,0:15:31.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This isn't a game.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.93,0:15:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm telling you this\Nbecause even if you don't win right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.15,0:15:39.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you make a good argument,\Nhistory will prove you right.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.88,0:15:42.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think back to that acting\Ncoach all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.96,0:15:44.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I've come to realize
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.46,0:15:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the hand I was holding\Nwas the hand of justice.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.47,0:15:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That outstretched hand will come for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.40,0:15:54.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's your decision to push it away
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.59,0:15:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or to keep holding it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.41,0:15:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you so much for listening.