[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.34,0:00:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello, everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.35,0:00:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm Stacy Allison-Cassin.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.46,0:00:14.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a librarian at York University\Nin Toronto, Canada.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.74,0:00:17.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm really happy to be here\Nwith you all today.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.99,0:00:21.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll just also say right off the top
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.06,0:00:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I'm a citizen\Nof the Métis Nation of Ontario,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.38,0:00:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a recognized\NIndigenous nation in Canada.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.44,0:00:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, the talk today,\NI'm not going to show a lot of cool tools
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.82,0:00:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or things like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.94,0:00:37.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is about a conversation,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.29,0:00:41.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sort of picking up on the talk\Nthat we just heard--
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.34,0:00:45.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around issues, around Indigenous content,\NIndigenous people, Indigenous culture
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.85,0:00:49.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Wikidata and Wikibase.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.54,0:00:53.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I really want us to think about\Na couple of key issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.89,0:00:56.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is the relationship\Nbetween the data structures
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.17,0:00:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we create and maintain,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.07,0:01:02.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and issues related\Nto human rights and equity.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.55,0:01:06.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we should think--\NWe talk a lot about equity
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.15,0:01:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of gaps and accessibility,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.44,0:01:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there are other ways\Nthat we can also think about equity
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.33,0:01:14.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our projects.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.51,0:01:19.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the ways that we can use Wikidata\Nas a space for activism,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.45,0:01:21.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making the world better for more people.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.79,0:01:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And modeling is hard, yet fun.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.03,0:01:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I want to talk about modeling--
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.44,0:01:29.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hopefully you want to talk\Nabout modeling--a little bit,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.88,0:01:33.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sort of invite you\Ninto this conversation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.53,0:01:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we are going to hold\Nsome of the questions to the end.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.00,0:01:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I also want to acknowledge\Nthat what I'm talking about today
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.20,0:01:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not just my own thoughts,\Nthat this is really building
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.84,0:01:49.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on meetings like this, where we get\Nto talk together about things.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.77,0:01:52.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In particular, I want to call out
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.66,0:01:54.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Canadian Federation\Nof Library Association's
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.89,0:01:58.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indigenous Matters Joint Working Group\Non Subject Headings and Classifications
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.53,0:02:02.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is doing work intensely\Non this project right now;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.16,0:02:06.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also the National Indigenous Knowledges\Nand Language Alliance
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.05,0:02:07.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Data Modeling Subgroup;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.75,0:02:13.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and specifically Camille Callison,\Nwho's from the Tahltan Nation,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.01,0:02:14.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at University of Manitoba;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.36,0:02:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dean Seeman at the University of Victoria;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.47,0:02:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tim Knight, who's with me\Nat York University;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.74,0:02:21.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Alissa Cherry,\Nwho's at the Museum for Anthropology
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.67,0:02:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the University of British Columbia.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.23,0:02:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what I want to center my talk today on\Nis this idea of sovereignty and nationhood
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.42,0:02:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in relation to Indigenous peoples
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.54,0:02:37.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how this impacts\Nhow we think about our data models.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.07,0:02:39.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I want to talk a little bit\Nabout colonization.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.75,0:02:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for those of us\Nwho are from colonized nations,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.70,0:02:45.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have particular ways\Nthat we might think about
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.36,0:02:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how colonization impacts peoples and land.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.72,0:02:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we know that\None of the goals of colonization
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.40,0:02:57.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is actually to remove\Nthe occupants of the land
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.17,0:02:59.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that people can come\Nand either settle that land,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.77,0:03:03.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can engage\Nin resource extraction activities,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.93,0:03:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're opening up the land\Nfor agriculture
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.96,0:03:08.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other forms of habitation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.51,0:03:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we know that this is not in the past,\Nthis is ongoing today.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.30,0:03:15.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that there are active things\Nhappening in the world right now
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.17,0:03:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are seeking\Nto remove occupants from land,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.58,0:03:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes lands they've occupied\Nfor thousands of years,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.88,0:03:23.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to engage in these activities.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.80,0:03:29.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we know that colonial states\Nengage in activities
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.47,0:03:32.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to assure their control over territory.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.18,0:03:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we heard a little bit about this\Nthis morning in relation to language.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.10,0:03:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we know that languages\Naren't endangered
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.10,0:03:39.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just through natural causes,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.05,0:03:42.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there are deliberate actions\Ntaken by governments or nation states
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.35,0:03:45.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to eradicate language\Nin very deliberate ways,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.13,0:03:48.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because language is connected\Nto sovereignty.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.41,0:03:50.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's connected to saying\Nthat there is a culture
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.38,0:03:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people are active in this culture\Nand occupying the space.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.55,0:03:57.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we think about how\Nsmall languages come to be small--
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.94,0:04:01.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I might get a little emotional\Nabout these issues,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.35,0:04:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but these are the kinds of things\Nthat are really important--
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.07,0:04:09.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,culture deliberately being eradicated,\Nand people, colonial nations
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.60,0:04:12.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,involved in acts of genocide\Nin various kinds of ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.93,0:04:14.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's a very serious topic,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.44,0:04:16.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it does actually impact\Nthe kind of work that we do
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.64,0:04:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think is a thread that runs through
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.58,0:04:20.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how we think about\Nthe importance of culture
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.61,0:04:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the way that\Ndominant culture is deployed
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.54,0:04:26.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within all kinds of cultural institutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.62,0:04:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a couple examples from Canada.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.28,0:04:31.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's many I could name,\Nbut I'll just name a couple.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.81,0:04:35.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So currently there are fights taking place
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.32,0:04:40.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the province of British Columbia,\Nwhere the government of Canada
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.44,0:04:44.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and corporations are trying\Nto build pipelines
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.59,0:04:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through Indigenous territory,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.40,0:04:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the hereditary chiefs\Nof the Wet'suwet'en Nation
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.82,0:04:56.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does not want the pipeline built\Nthrough their territory,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.72,0:05:00.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the government is actually\Narresting people who are protesting,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.35,0:05:02.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though they're on their land.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.69,0:05:06.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Indian Act in Canada was instituted\Nas a deliberate way
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.73,0:05:13.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to engage in assimilation,\Nso state-based assimilation tactics.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.90,0:05:17.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is again through the removal\Nof language and culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.35,0:05:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ceremony was outlawed,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.16,0:05:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so practicing your traditional ceremonies.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.62,0:05:27.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The traditional governance structures\Nfor First Nations was outlawed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.49,0:05:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A pass system was introduced,\Nso people were not allowed
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.44,0:05:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to leave their reserves without a pass.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.49,0:05:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you think about all the ways\Nthat those methods
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.61,0:05:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the sovereignty of a nation\Nbeing actively worked against
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.26,0:05:44.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, again, these tactics of assimilation.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.90,0:05:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, of course,\Nmany people here might know about
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.30,0:05:49.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the residential school system in Canada,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.35,0:05:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was children\Nbeing sent to boarding schools
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.09,0:05:57.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it was, again,\Ndeliberate acts of assimilation
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.21,0:06:01.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you were stripped\Nof your language, of your clothing,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.18,0:06:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not allowed contact with your families,\Nand that's very deliberate.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.82,0:06:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, again, going back to the keynote\Nwe heard this morning
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.18,0:06:10.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about parents choosing\Nto pass on their language,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.11,0:06:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well that choice is taken away\Nwhen children are sent away to school.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.33,0:06:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that has long-lasting\Nintergenerational impacts
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.71,0:06:23.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the ways that families work\Nand on culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.33,0:06:29.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the Truth and Reconciliation Commission\Ncame out with calls to action,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.58,0:06:34.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of those deliberately calling out\Ncultural heritage and education
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.61,0:06:36.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in some of these places
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.33,0:06:40.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where colonial practices\Nare actually ongoing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.68,0:06:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So recognizing the right to self-govern
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.05,0:06:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to autonomy and sovereignty over land,\Nthat's very important.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.20,0:06:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it also governs our relationships\Nbetween nations.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.36,0:06:57.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We might use in Canada,\Nquite often, this idea
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.56,0:06:59.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of nation-to-nation relationship.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.51,0:07:03.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that recognizes that\Nthe government of Canada is a nation,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.91,0:07:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but within Canada\Nthere are also multiple nations.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.59,0:07:12.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we have a First Nation engaging\Nin negotiation with a government
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.43,0:07:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's considered\Na nation-to-nation relationship.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.28,0:07:21.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many Indigenous people in Canada\Ndo not recognize Canadian citizenship.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.57,0:07:24.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They do not want to be associated\Nwith being Canadian.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.65,0:07:30.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know if I write Wikipedia articles\Nabout Indigenous folks that I know,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.77,0:07:35.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one thing I have heard repeatedly is,\N"Do not say I'm from Canada."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.50,0:07:40.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I don't want to be\N'so and so is an artist in Canada,'
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.47,0:07:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or 'is a Canadian'... no."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.74,0:07:44.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what does it mean\Nwhen we take that person
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.58,0:07:46.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have a Wikidata item for them
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.86,0:07:49.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we say that\Ntheir citizenship is Canadian?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.24,0:07:53.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, that's actually\Nan act of violence against that--
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.13,0:07:56.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, it sounds very serious, but it is,\Nbecause we are saying that person,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.74,0:08:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is actively working to resist
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.10,0:08:07.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the colonial system,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.48,0:08:10.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we are saying in their data,\N"Oh, but they're Canadian."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.03,0:08:12.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, I want to be able to run\Na SPARQL query against them
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.35,0:08:13.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bring up all the Canadians."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.64,0:08:17.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, that would be useful,\Nbut what does it mean
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.07,0:08:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we replicate\Nthese kinds of things in our data?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.23,0:08:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So recognizing Indigenous sovereignty\Nis an important aspect
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.06,0:08:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in creating a more just\Nand equitable world,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.08,0:08:29.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though we might not get\Nthe kinds of data that we might want.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.71,0:08:32.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we're going to take\Nthe strategic areas
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.66,0:08:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of knowledge equity seriously,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.13,0:08:38.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we also need to pay attention\Nto the structures in our data.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.76,0:08:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So again, we tend to think along gaps\Nlike the gender gap,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.80,0:08:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,visibility gaps, small language\Nand marginalized communities,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.77,0:08:48.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when we think about\Nwhy are these communities small,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.95,0:08:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or what does it mean\Nwhen we have these gaps?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.82,0:08:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have to, again,\Nthink about the structures
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.28,0:08:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how we're conceptualized in our data\Nand how we're treating...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.82,0:08:59.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just like the example of the photograph.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.46,0:09:03.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, why is that so bothersome\Nto the Sámi community?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.14,0:09:06.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's because, yet again,\Nculture being appropriated,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.97,0:09:09.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them being misnamed.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.74,0:09:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or again, and we see in Canada,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.98,0:09:15.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a return to the original\Ntraditional names of territory.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.87,0:09:17.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so all of these things\Nare really important,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.97,0:09:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have to think about\Nhow we can center these practices
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.84,0:09:23.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the work that we're doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.87,0:09:28.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So again, I just want to emphasize\Nthat belonging to a nation
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.60,0:09:31.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not the same thing\Nas belonging to an ethnicity.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.58,0:09:34.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know sometimes that we think\Nabout those things as being the same,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.30,0:09:35.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're not.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.31,0:09:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So again, it's thinking\Nabout the relationship
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.12,0:09:43.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between nationhood and nationality,\Nbelonging to a nation and citizenship,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.41,0:09:45.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the governant structure\Nthat goes with that is different
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.82,0:09:48.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the ways we think about ethnicity.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.28,0:09:55.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And again, just to stress again\Nthat it then becomes a conversation
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.01,0:09:58.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around relationships between nations,\Ngovernance, land, and people.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.07,0:09:59.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we think about colonization
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.41,0:10:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as an act of removing people\Nfrom their land,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.50,0:10:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or reducing their sovereignty\Nover the territory they occupy,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.59,0:10:09.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how can we, in the data that we produce,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.07,0:10:15.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recognize that these nations
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.90,0:10:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are occupying a particular spot.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.10,0:10:23.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we aren't talking about nationhood\Nand we talk about a territory
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.45,0:10:28.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we make those people\Nabsent from that territory,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.08,0:10:29.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether they're presently there or not.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.77,0:10:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So again, another thing to think about
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.31,0:10:35.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is how we document occupation\Nover time, as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.71,0:10:37.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because one of the things\Nthat you hear about,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.81,0:10:40.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially in reference\Nto places like North America,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.05,0:10:43.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that, "Well, no one was there.\NIt was a vast wilderness of unoccupied..."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.99,0:10:45.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, that's not true.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.54,0:10:49.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People have been living in North America\Nfor thousands of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.45,0:10:53.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have ancestors who have been living\Nin Canada, or the area of Canada,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.43,0:10:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for thousands of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.54,0:10:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's not an unoccupied space\Nthat people just came in and discovered.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.68,0:11:02.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this concept of discovery is helpful
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.59,0:11:05.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the ways that we think about
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.39,0:11:10.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the colonial practices.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.45,0:11:13.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to talk\Na little bit about myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.74,0:11:15.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I feel like I can.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.17,0:11:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, it's about being respectful.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.68,0:11:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't want to talk about\Nsomeone else's nations,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.64,0:11:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to talk about\Nmy own a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.98,0:11:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is a picture of me and my dad.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.28,0:11:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my grandmother,\Nmy dad's mum, is a Métis.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.86,0:11:33.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, just again, in reference\Nto the conversation this morning,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.53,0:11:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she did not teach her language to my dad.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.10,0:11:39.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was living away from her community,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.15,0:11:43.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was definitely a thing\Nwhere you were not...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.05,0:11:46.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She did not want to talk about\Nbeing Indigenous.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.29,0:11:51.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was not a safe thing to be\Nin the community that she was in.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.02,0:11:52.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm from Thunder Bay, Ontario.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.48,0:11:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know how many people\Nwe have here... probably not.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.23,0:11:56.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyway, it's not known--
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.71,0:12:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's known for having\Npretty serious problems with racism.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.49,0:12:04.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so that was her choice.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.08,0:12:05.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a picture of...
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.58,0:12:08.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The young man standing in the back there\Nis my great grandfather.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.06,0:12:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the document on the far side there,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.05,0:12:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just want to talk about the ways that...
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.55,0:12:23.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you have this problem of Indigeneity,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.87,0:12:31.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or these kinds of culture\Nbeing suppressed in various ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.66,0:12:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the process of culture recovery\Nor in resurgence
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.42,0:12:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or wanting to be connected\Nwith a particular nation,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.00,0:12:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes that becomes\Na form of documentation.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.30,0:12:41.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do you prove you're a member?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.99,0:12:44.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's saying you have\Nconnections to the community,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.28,0:12:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a lot of that\Nis through documentation.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.96,0:12:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This document here\Nis The Métis Petition of 1840,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.15,0:12:52.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the Penetanguishene area,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.21,0:12:55.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's around when treaties\Nwere being signed in that area.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.77,0:12:58.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Settlers were starting to come in,\Nthey wanted the land,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.09,0:12:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they had to have a treaty
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.38,0:13:01.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they could move\Nall the Indigenous people,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.27,0:13:05.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First Nations people, to an area\Nto free up the land for settlers.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.19,0:13:08.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a very crude way\Nof talking about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.86,0:13:13.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this document is actually signed\Nby some of my ancestors.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.03,0:13:18.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a letter to the Lieutenant-Governor\Nat the time, saying, "Wait a minute."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.47,0:13:21.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it's called\NThe Half-Breed Petition.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.87,0:13:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they're saying, "Wait a minute.\NWe are native also.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.40,0:13:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should be included."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.14,0:13:33.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because they called it "Indian presence";
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.01,0:13:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they wanted to be included
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.56,0:13:41.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the negotiations that were going on.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.19,0:13:46.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this became\Na very important document presently,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.95,0:13:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in showing that this community\Nwas expressing an Indigenous identity.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.64,0:13:56.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the Métis were not recognized\Nby the government
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.20,0:14:02.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as an Indigenous people\Nuntil fairly recently.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.13,0:14:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So all of this is about being\Noutside of those negotiations.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.34,0:14:11.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so one thing about this document\Nis it's in a collection,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.43,0:14:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a digital collection.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.56,0:14:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It took me forever to find it,\Nbecause it's just a scan of a microfiche.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.85,0:14:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it was just like a...\NThere's nothing, there's no way--
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.60,0:14:23.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is this super-important document,\Nlots of people want to see it,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.43,0:14:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's no metadata\Nin this collection that connects--
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.04,0:14:28.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's actually just zero metadata.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.55,0:14:33.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just like a long roll of things\Nrelated to correspondence
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.08,0:14:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,related to the British government\Nat that time.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.69,0:14:39.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we think about how also\Nwe can surface documents
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.66,0:14:42.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a particular way\Nthat are important to recognizing,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.72,0:14:46.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again, the existence\Nof Indigenous people in particular areas
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.94,0:14:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is another thing\Nthat becomes really important.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.46,0:14:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So again, this is talking about\Nmy own nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.34,0:14:59.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we talk about ways that we might\Nconceptualize nationhood or territories,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.93,0:15:04.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is actually a map\Nof what the Métis Nation of Ontario
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.46,0:15:06.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has designated as harvesting territory.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.47,0:15:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's actually related\Nto hunting and fishing rights,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.50,0:15:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that was negotiated between\Nthe government of Ontario
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.21,0:15:17.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Métis Nation of Ontario.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.37,0:15:23.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Captains of the Hunt are the people\Nwho oversee that all of these activities.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.87,0:15:27.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So although I live in Toronto,\Nwhich is actually down here,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.23,0:15:30.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this would be considered\Nmy traditional harvesting territory
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.75,0:15:34.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's where\NI can tie my ancestors to.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.61,0:15:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we think about how we might\Nmodel that kind of thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.58,0:15:40.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we're thinking, again,\Nabout structures in our data,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.22,0:15:46.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to recognize community roles\Nthat also have ties to territory.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.84,0:15:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then I'm going to talk\Na little bit about--
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.53,0:15:54.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, you don't have--
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.43,0:15:58.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not all Indigenous peoples agree\Non what is someone's territory.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.57,0:16:02.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there are disputes\Nbetween different things.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.03,0:16:07.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So recently the Métis National Council
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.32,0:16:12.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has decided that this is the map\Nof the Métis Nation in Canada.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.71,0:16:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This does not recognize\Nthe Métis people in British Columbia
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.96,0:16:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or in some parts of Ontario,\Nso these other places are saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.54,0:16:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Wait a minute.\NWe don't agree with this map."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.44,0:16:29.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one of the things is who decides\Nor how are we going to negotiate between--
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.82,0:16:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it actually allowing\Nfor multiplicity of...
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.66,0:16:40.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the First Nations people\Nwhose land, this territory, covers,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.17,0:16:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were like, "Well, you didn't ask us\Nabout this map."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.40,0:16:46.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there is also thinking about the ways\Nthat we need to negotiate
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.45,0:16:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between claims on territory,\Nhow we might document those claims,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.72,0:16:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also allowing for recognition\Nthat there is overlapping,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.82,0:17:00.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kinds of ways that we consider territory.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.86,0:17:07.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I just wanted to post this quote,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.74,0:17:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I think it's a really good way\Nof talking about how colonization,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.58,0:17:18.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don't notice it, because it is,\Nin many places, the dominant culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.34,0:17:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the dominant way\Nwe think about the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.70,0:17:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't necessarily notice\Nthese kinds of things.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.70,0:17:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So again, when we think about\Nthe perspectives of the marginalized,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.82,0:17:33.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so again, when we're talking\Nwith all of us,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.38,0:17:35.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we think about our data models\Nand our data structures,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.75,0:17:39.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how do we allow for properties or items
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.82,0:17:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that maybe we don't think are important
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.40,0:17:46.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but are actually vitally important\Nfor all kinds of marginalized communities?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.49,0:17:48.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this goes beyond\NIndigenous communities.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.36,0:17:50.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This speaks to all kinds\Nof marginalized people.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.84,0:17:57.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we have to think about the ways\Nthat we can use our data structures
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.44,0:18:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to address some of these issues
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.01,0:18:05.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to become a space\Nwhere we actually are working for justice
Dialogue: 0,0:18:05.02,0:18:07.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within our data structures.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.85,0:18:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay. I don't know how I'm doing for time.\NI forgot to put my timer on.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:13.81,0:18:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh my goodness! Okay!\N(laughing) I've just got five minutes!
Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.12,0:18:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going\Nto speed through some examples.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.86,0:18:22.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I do have real-life examples.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.21,0:18:27.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm working with, as part of a member\Nof the CFLA Indigenous Matters Group
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.72,0:18:29.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and NIKLA, we're working\Non the development
Dialogue: 0,0:18:29.43,0:18:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a First Nations, Métis,\Nand Inuit ontology.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.70,0:18:37.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have developed this list,\Nthis is just a little sample,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:37.17,0:18:39.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all the kinds of things\Nthat we're collecting
Dialogue: 0,0:18:39.29,0:18:42.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what we're calling community names.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:42.21,0:18:45.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had a soft launch\Nof this data on June 21st
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.74,0:18:47.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for National Indigenous Peoples Day
Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.30,0:18:52.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we are hopefully\Ngoing to be deploying this
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.21,0:18:55.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within Wikibase, is the plan.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:55.15,0:18:56.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have some stuff in there,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.64,0:19:00.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think we're going to have\Nto just wipe it and start over
Dialogue: 0,0:19:00.45,0:19:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we're really--
Dialogue: 0,0:19:02.62,0:19:05.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've come to realize where a part\Nof our work really lies
Dialogue: 0,0:19:05.57,0:19:06.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is in the data modeling.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.85,0:19:09.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we really need to be thinking\Nabout our data structures
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.21,0:19:12.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how we are going\Nto conceptualize that data
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.89,0:19:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within the Wikibase environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:17.12,0:19:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Part of this is also related to Wikidata.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:19.69,0:19:24.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I've kind of been ignoring\Nsome parts of Wikidata
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.38,0:19:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I kind of don't want\Nto have to deal with some of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.36,0:19:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(chuckling) I'll just be really honest.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.82,0:19:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there is "nation" in Wikidata.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.23,0:19:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one of the questions I would have\Nis if you have Ojibwe, is that an ethnic--
Dialogue: 0,0:19:39.94,0:19:41.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Currently I think it's an ethnic group--
Dialogue: 0,0:19:41.59,0:19:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it an ethnic group? Is it a nation?\NIs it both those things?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:44.56,0:19:46.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do we have both those things\Nat the same time?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.92,0:19:51.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that's a question I have not yet\Nfigured out how to answer.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:51.40,0:19:54.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do have something called\N"native land" in Wikidata.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:54.74,0:19:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I first looked at it\Na couple days ago, maybe last week,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:57.62,0:19:59.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I kind of stumbled on it,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:59.03,0:20:02.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it actually was an instance\Nof an isolated human settlement
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.38,0:20:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so maybe not the best way to describe\Nsomething that is called "native land."
Dialogue: 0,0:20:08.22,0:20:13.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So again, when we're thinking about\Nmaybe it's good to check in with somebody.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:13.71,0:20:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to just show this example\Nof "Anishinaabe."
Dialogue: 0,0:20:16.34,0:20:21.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Anishinaabe, here it's an ethnic group.\NI would say it's also a nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:21.41,0:20:23.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's a nation\Nthat also contains other nations,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:23.41,0:20:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it's actually based on\Nkind of a language group,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:25.79,0:20:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but contains the nations\Nof Ojibwe, Ottawa,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:31.08,0:20:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a number of other groups within that.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:33.76,0:20:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do we think about,\NI don't want to say hierarchy,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.62,0:20:38.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there's a way of--
Dialogue: 0,0:20:38.13,0:20:40.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A relationship has to be designated there.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:40.52,0:20:45.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, one of the things in that item\Nis a link to the official website
Dialogue: 0,0:20:45.59,0:20:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the Anishinabek Nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:46.98,0:20:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ethnic group\Ndoesn't have an official website,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:50.98,0:20:56.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so do we have Anishinabek Nation\Nas an organization,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:56.63,0:20:59.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we have a nation,\Nand then we have...?
Dialogue: 0,0:20:59.42,0:21:01.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's a lot\Nof modeling questions that I have
Dialogue: 0,0:21:01.42,0:21:03.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around how we might want to work this out.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:03.81,0:21:08.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is another example\Nof an archival item.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:08.90,0:21:14.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the item record for this document\Nthere's no actual reference
Dialogue: 0,0:21:14.35,0:21:19.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Cherokee peoples\Nor how this information was collected,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:19.66,0:21:23.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we might want to think about\Nhow we relate some of these documents,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:23.79,0:21:28.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially when they come\Nfrom a colonial government,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:28.45,0:21:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how they are documented in Wikidata.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:32.63,0:21:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I just wanted to close\Nwith this quote,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.85,0:21:39.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is this idea of solidarity--\Nhow do we stand in solidarity
Dialogue: 0,0:21:39.71,0:21:44.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with all kinds of communities\Nin our larger community?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:44.13,0:21:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we recognize, again, these places\Nwhere we really need to be sensitive,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:50.20,0:21:53.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also recognizing that\Nsome of these issues,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:53.75,0:21:56.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for some communities,\Nare vitally important
Dialogue: 0,0:21:56.63,0:21:59.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it really does matter\Nhow someone is called
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.54,0:22:02.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or how someone is conceptualized\Nwithin our data
Dialogue: 0,0:22:02.81,0:22:05.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it does matter what you see,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:05.72,0:22:11.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also how it impacts\Nthe larger internet and world around us.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:11.14,0:22:13.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'll close with that. Thanks.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:13.03,0:22:14.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.74,0:22:20.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(moderator) Thank you very much, Stacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:20.94,0:22:24.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I invite back all of our presenters.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:25.60,0:22:29.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if there are any questions,\Nwe've got lots of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:29.23,0:22:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We made them cramp a bit\Ntheir presentation
Dialogue: 0,0:22:33.39,0:22:39.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to let you express\Nyour opinions or your questions, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:39.69,0:22:42.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, thank you, Jon, for your work.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:45.99,0:22:47.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, there's a question there.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:48.29,0:22:51.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Dragan Espenschied)\NHi, I'm Dragan, from Rhizome,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:51.91,0:22:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I wanted to ask Stacy\Nwhat is your view or experience
Dialogue: 0,0:22:57.50,0:23:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with data itself being kind of colonial?
Dialogue: 0,0:23:02.73,0:23:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because sometimes\NI have the impression that
Dialogue: 0,0:23:06.30,0:23:10.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially the things that seem ambiguous\Nare reflected in data
Dialogue: 0,0:23:10.82,0:23:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the most descriptions,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:12.64,0:23:16.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the idea of data to remove ambiguity
Dialogue: 0,0:23:16.78,0:23:20.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is kind of something that has struck me.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:20.71,0:23:25.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I wonder, especially when you see\Nthese disputed territories--
Dialogue: 0,0:23:25.19,0:23:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe no one ever cared about it before,\Nbut now you have to describe it
Dialogue: 0,0:23:28.92,0:23:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then suddenly it becomes a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:30.50,0:23:32.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what is your...?
Dialogue: 0,0:23:32.44,0:23:35.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, I feel like this is my life.\NSo I was a cataloger, for--
Dialogue: 0,0:23:35.16,0:23:36.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know if anybody else here is a--
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.76,0:23:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you know, I'm a librarian.\NI worked as a cataloger.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:38.88,0:23:40.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can never get it right,\Nit always feels like.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:40.83,0:23:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're always going to be...\NThere's no right answer, in a way.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:45.79,0:23:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's only attempts.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:46.98,0:23:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I do think that one of the issues\Nis that all of our structures
Dialogue: 0,0:23:51.52,0:23:55.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we work with are colonial\Nand express power in different ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:55.59,0:23:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's no way that we...
Dialogue: 0,0:23:59.96,0:24:05.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't really "decolonize,"\NI will say, many of our systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:05.58,0:24:07.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's just the way they are.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:07.38,0:24:13.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We we think about museums,\Nor libraries, or even sets of data,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:13.30,0:24:16.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's built into the code\Nin some ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:16.77,0:24:19.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So where are points\Nfor resistance and recognition
Dialogue: 0,0:24:19.83,0:24:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within some of those systems,\Nand how do we work to change,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:22.34,0:24:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make systemic change from the beginning,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:24.96,0:24:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we think about ways\Nthat we start off?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:27.88,0:24:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's, I don't know, it's like a scale
Dialogue: 0,0:24:32.97,0:24:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of better and worse things.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:36.80,0:24:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think if we're operating\Nfrom a point of consultation, of respect,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:42.06,0:24:47.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of recognizing human rights\Nwhen we take those things into account,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:47.69,0:24:50.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how can we push\Nour organizations to do better.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:50.97,0:24:54.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one of the reasons that we started\Nwith having this ontology
Dialogue: 0,0:24:54.28,0:24:57.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because it's actually to replace\NLibrary of Congress terminology
Dialogue: 0,0:24:57.85,0:24:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our libraries,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:59.02,0:25:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because in Canada we often use\NLibrary of Congress terms.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:02.36,0:25:05.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those terms were developed\Nfor Congress in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:05.32,0:25:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They often don't fit\Nthe Canadian experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:07.44,0:25:11.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like the heading for Indigenous people,\Nfor First Nations people,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:11.14,0:25:13.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is "Indians of North America" still.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:13.71,0:25:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have little hope that\Nthe government of the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:25:16.48,0:25:18.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really vested in changing those terms.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:18.51,0:25:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:25:19.58,0:25:20.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's part of--
Dialogue: 0,0:25:20.95,0:25:22.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Given that, what can we do?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:22.66,0:25:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it is to develop our own ontology
Dialogue: 0,0:25:26.54,0:25:28.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people can use\Nto replace those terms.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:28.38,0:25:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I don't know if that's a great answer,\Nbut I think there isn't--
Dialogue: 0,0:25:32.22,0:25:34.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're always in those structures,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:34.43,0:25:37.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so what can we do\Nat various kinds of points?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:42.74,0:25:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(woman) I have a question for all of you.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:46.06,0:25:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you deal with pushback\Nwhen someone might say,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:52.60,0:25:56.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, this is the answer\Nin a Western peer-reviewed journal.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:56.65,0:26:03.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is how they called the people of 1890\Nand you're saying that this is inaccurate,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:03.72,0:26:06.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but where do you have your proof\Nwhen here it is
Dialogue: 0,0:26:06.46,0:26:08.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a Western peer-reviewed journal?"
Dialogue: 0,0:26:08.82,0:26:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you deal\Nwith that kind of pushback?
Dialogue: 0,0:26:12.24,0:26:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(moderator) Who wants to go first?
Dialogue: 0,0:26:13.81,0:26:14.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:26:14.89,0:26:17.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(woman) I'm not sure\Nwhich one of us is less likely to talk.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:17.94,0:26:22.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(chuckling) Yeah.\NThis is a horrible question.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:22.85,0:26:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, it's a wonderful question\Nat the same time.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:27.84,0:26:30.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, for instance,\Nif you look at the Sámi...
Dialogue: 0,0:26:30.74,0:26:32.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I recommend each\Nand every one of you today
Dialogue: 0,0:26:32.59,0:26:35.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go look at the Wikipedias\Nand look at the different ones
Dialogue: 0,0:26:35.32,0:26:37.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see what they call the Sámi.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:37.50,0:26:40.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Sámi call themselves Sámi--\N{\i1}sápmelaččat{\i0} in Northern Sámi,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:40.62,0:26:43.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}sápmelaččat{\i0} in Skolt Sámi.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:43.14,0:26:48.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the Spanish Wikipedia it's {\i1}lapp,{\i0}\N(chuckles sarcastically)
Dialogue: 0,0:26:48.09,0:26:51.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and {\i1}lapp{\i0} is a horribly racist word.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:51.05,0:26:55.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there is a {\i1}huge{\i0} discussion about this\Nin the Spanish and Catalan Wikipedias
Dialogue: 0,0:26:55.95,0:27:00.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what you can say--\N"Well, Sámi's not in our language."
Dialogue: 0,0:27:00.27,0:27:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I know it's been used in--\Nand I used to live in Barcelona.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:03.06,0:27:05.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know it's used in Catalan, "Sámi."
Dialogue: 0,0:27:05.46,0:27:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the Wikipedias have decided
Dialogue: 0,0:27:08.50,0:27:11.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're going to use\Nthe racist word instead.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:11.36,0:27:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it's not in any\Npeer-reviewed article somewhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:16.88,0:27:18.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So...
Dialogue: 0,0:27:19.78,0:27:22.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, so... (chuckles)
Dialogue: 0,0:27:22.55,0:27:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, I mean, we have\Nthis session here today,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:25.28,0:27:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and part of it is we invite the community\Nto think about these things
Dialogue: 0,0:27:29.52,0:27:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how we can...
Dialogue: 0,0:27:31.42,0:27:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you think we should do?
Dialogue: 0,0:27:33.18,0:27:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Part of it is what is\Nthe appropriate evidence?
Dialogue: 0,0:27:35.87,0:27:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it's used in one peer-reviewed journal,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:37.63,0:27:40.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do we have to collect evidence\Nsomewhere else?
Dialogue: 0,0:27:40.44,0:27:42.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we encourage the community
Dialogue: 0,0:27:42.64,0:27:47.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to think about their responsibility\Nin this space?
Dialogue: 0,0:27:47.33,0:27:52.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's maybe a long process,\Nbut when things are--
Dialogue: 0,0:27:52.14,0:27:54.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that's something,\Nespecially in Commons,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:54.49,0:27:56.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we have images,\NI know there are lots
Dialogue: 0,0:27:56.21,0:27:58.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for North America\Nthat are really problematic
Dialogue: 0,0:27:58.57,0:28:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people will say,\N"Well, it's public domain."
Dialogue: 0,0:28:01.100,0:28:07.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think that's a really good...\NI don't have a quick or easy answer.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:07.02,0:28:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(woman) We'll need\Nto talk about that, yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:08.98,0:28:12.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, I would like to be\Na little bit optimistic with Wikidata,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:12.62,0:28:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, well, I like Wikidata.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:15.06,0:28:21.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that the perfect side of it\Nis that we can express different views.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:21.47,0:28:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can display\Nthe peer-reviewed terminology,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:27.14,0:28:30.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we can contest it with other evidence.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:30.95,0:28:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think this is... Well, it relieves\Nthe responsibility to the respondent,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:37.06,0:28:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but still it gives new opportunities.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:46.40,0:28:51.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[inaudible crosstalk]
Dialogue: 0,0:28:53.02,0:28:54.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sorry.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:54.71,0:28:59.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, let's try this one.\NSorry, sorry about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:59.25,0:29:02.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(man) So, two things\NI was going to mention,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:02.04,0:29:06.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but one of them is the one you just said,\Nthat for situations where,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.40,0:29:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like you spoke about\Nthe Canadian citizenship problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:09.66,0:29:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can certainly be entered as,\Nyou could say, "He's Canadian,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:15.84,0:29:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,claimed by the Canadian government,"\Nor whatever this is,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:19.58,0:29:22.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have a different thing that says\Nhis citizenship is something else,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:22.84,0:29:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even unknown, or even no value\Nif we don't have a nation...
Dialogue: 0,0:29:28.40,0:29:31.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the nation is not allowed\Nby Wikidata in there,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:31.17,0:29:32.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a different discussion
Dialogue: 0,0:29:32.42,0:29:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I guess you probably\Nwill have to have at some point.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:35.46,0:29:38.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is perfectly doable in that sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:38.13,0:29:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The person's probably\Nstill going to be unhappy
Dialogue: 0,0:29:40.09,0:29:42.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the Canadian citizenship\Nis listed at all,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:42.37,0:29:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but at least you can show them that...
Dialogue: 0,0:29:43.91,0:29:50.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's listed as not a universal truth,\Nbut only as one of the possible opinions.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:50.66,0:29:52.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another thing I wanted\Nto bring up for a moment
Dialogue: 0,0:29:52.68,0:29:54.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is something I was talking to Kimberli--
Dialogue: 0,0:29:54.80,0:29:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was kind of run through\Nthrough the slides
Dialogue: 0,0:29:57.98,0:30:00.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the time concerns.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:02.19,0:30:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This part was easier in the sense that,\Nokay, if you have two different things
Dialogue: 0,0:30:05.94,0:30:08.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can put\Nthe two things there and it's okay,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:08.75,0:30:09.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what happens for cases
Dialogue: 0,0:30:09.94,0:30:13.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the community does not want\Nthis knowledge to be public at all?
Dialogue: 0,0:30:19.37,0:30:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Ah yeah, the Indigenous one.\N- (man) Yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:25.81,0:30:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think there is space for us\Nto work on privacy, sensitive data,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:32.96,0:30:39.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and identifying those\Nand finding out ways
Dialogue: 0,0:30:39.75,0:30:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to handle content that we find,\Nor the communities find, problematic.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:46.64,0:30:53.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a large discussion,\Nand it has a lot of legal aspects.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:53.57,0:30:55.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has a lot of ethical aspects,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:55.100,0:31:02.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it ties to copyright as well\Nand the ownership of the content.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:03.09,0:31:07.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, well, lots of things\Nto say about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:07.56,0:31:11.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, and I will also say\Nthat you just-- [inaudible]
Dialogue: 0,0:31:11.99,0:31:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Copyright regimes that\Nwe are familiar with are colonial.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:15.33,0:31:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's actually a huge friction\Nbetween copyright regimes
Dialogue: 0,0:31:20.80,0:31:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are used in most countries\Nand traditional knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:25.22,0:31:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we have to maybe\Nbe comfortable sometimes
Dialogue: 0,0:31:28.23,0:31:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with deleting content,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:30.02,0:31:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even that we say,\N"Well, it's public domain."
Dialogue: 0,0:31:32.28,0:31:35.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, public domain,\Nit does not necessarily have a meaning
Dialogue: 0,0:31:35.14,0:31:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in an Indigenous community\Nor in certain communities.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:38.60,0:31:43.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what does it mean when, again,\Nwhen we go back to this idea
Dialogue: 0,0:31:43.70,0:31:46.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of sovereignty\Nand recognizing human rights
Dialogue: 0,0:31:46.19,0:31:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we say--
Dialogue: 0,0:31:47.30,0:31:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was at a meeting that\Nthe Canadian government was sponsoring
Dialogue: 0,0:31:52.18,0:31:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on copyright regime in Canada\Nand Indigenous knowledge,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:55.79,0:32:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and someone said--and it just really\Nhas stayed with me since that meeting--
Dialogue: 0,0:32:00.72,0:32:03.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Human rights before property rights."
Dialogue: 0,0:32:04.02,0:32:07.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, if we are taking human rights\Nas our prime motivator
Dialogue: 0,0:32:07.89,0:32:09.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and prime way that we're thinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:09.34,0:32:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then some of these other questions\Nbecome easier to answer,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:12.06,0:32:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we have to value humans\Nin a way, all humans.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:17.43,0:32:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we can't say\Nthat their property rights,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:20.70,0:32:23.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or something like public domain,\Nshould come before that.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:23.33,0:32:24.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's hard.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:24.35,0:32:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's hard for many of us who are\Nall about access to things,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:27.93,0:32:29.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,access to documents,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:29.29,0:32:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's against\Nwhat we feel like we should do.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:31.72,0:32:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in some ways I think\Nthat's the direction
Dialogue: 0,0:32:35.37,0:32:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for certain kinds of content,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:37.41,0:32:43.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because a lot of things were collected\Nby anthropologists, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:43.66,0:32:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some of those things--\Nbooks or photographs--
Dialogue: 0,0:32:46.78,0:32:50.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are now in "public domain,"\Nand uploaded into Commons.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:51.66,0:32:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(moderator) Okay, so our session is over.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:54.30,0:32:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was one more question\Nfrom that gentleman from the back, but...
Dialogue: 0,0:32:57.98,0:33:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- (man) That's fine.\N- (moderator) Okay, sorry.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:00.00,0:33:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I really apologize for this.\NSo, thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:03.77,0:33:05.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll be back tomorrow, so.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:05.47,0:33:10.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a meetup tomorrow,\Nat 11:30, I think.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:10.16,0:33:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want to talk more\Nabout Indigenous issues, come on out.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:14.05,0:33:16.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(moderator) So... yeah!
Dialogue: 0,0:33:16.03,0:33:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(applause)