[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.46,0:00:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Around the globe,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.58,0:00:13.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are approximately 60 million people\Nwho have been forced to leave their homes
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.25,0:00:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to escape war, violence, and persecution.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.56,0:00:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The majority of them have become\Ninternally displaced persons,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.82,0:00:25.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means they have fled their homes\Nbut are still within their own countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.88,0:00:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Others have crossed a border and sought\Nshelter outside of their own countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.03,0:00:33.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are commonly referred to as refugees.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.82,0:00:37.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what exactly does that term mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.25,0:00:39.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world has known refugees \Nfor millennia,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.97,0:00:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the modern definition was drafted\Nin the UN's 1951 Convention
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.72,0:00:46.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relating to the status of refugees
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.81,0:00:52.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in response to mass persecutions\Nand displacements of the Second World War.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.43,0:00:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It defines a refugee as someone who is\Noutside their country of nationality,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.04,0:00:59.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is unable to return \Nto their home country
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.85,0:01:03.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of well-founded fears\Nof being persecuted.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.75,0:01:08.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That persecution may be due to their race,\Nreligion, nationality,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.75,0:01:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,membership in a particular social group,\Nor political opinion,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.88,0:01:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is often related to war and violence.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.96,0:01:20.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, roughly half the world's refugees\Nare children,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.85,0:01:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of them unaccompanied by an adult,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.44,0:01:27.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a situation that makes them especially\Nvulnerable to child labor
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.09,0:01:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or sexual exploitation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.84,0:01:31.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each refugee's story is different,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.97,0:01:36.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many must undergo dangerous\Njournies with uncertain outcomes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.81,0:01:39.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But before we get \Nto what their journies involve,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.28,0:01:40.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's clear one thing up.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.91,0:01:44.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lot of confusion regarding\Nthe difference between the terms
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.22,0:01:46.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"migrant" and "refugee."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.57,0:01:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Migrants" usually refers to people \Nwho leave their country
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.06,0:01:52.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for reasons not related to persecution,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.85,0:01:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as searching \Nfor better economic opportunities,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.50,0:02:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or leaving drought-stricken areas\Nin search of better circumstances.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.13,0:02:03.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many people around the world\Nwho have been displaced
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.31,0:02:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of natural disasters,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.06,0:02:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,food insecurities,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.62,0:02:08.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other hardships,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.41,0:02:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but international law, rightly or wrongly,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.71,0:02:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only recognizes those fleeing\Nconflict and violence as refugees.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.88,0:02:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what happens when someone\Nflees their country?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.22,0:02:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most refugee journies \Nare long and perilous
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.47,0:02:28.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with limited access to shelter,\Nwater, or food.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.22,0:02:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since the departure can be sudden\Nand unexpected,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.93,0:02:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,belongings might be left behind,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.10,0:02:37.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people who are evading conflict\Noften do not have the required documents,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.88,0:02:42.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like visas, to board airplanes\Nand legally enter other countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.63,0:02:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Financial and political factors can also\Nprevent them from traveling
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.41,0:02:48.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by standard routes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.19,0:02:51.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This means they can usually only travel\Nby land or sea,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.81,0:02:54.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and may need to entrust their lives\Nto smugglers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.76,0:02:57.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help them cross borders.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.16,0:03:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whereas some people seek safety\Nwith their families,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.03,0:03:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,others attempt passage alone\Nand leave their loved ones behind
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.97,0:03:06.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the hopes of being reunited later.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.85,0:03:10.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This separation can be traumatic\Nand unbearably long.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.19,0:03:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While more than half the world's refugees\Nare in cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.88,0:03:18.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes the first stop for a person\Nfleeing conflict is a refugee camp,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.46,0:03:23.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,usually run by the United Nations\NRefugee Agency or local governments.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.41,0:03:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Refugee camps are intended \Nto be temporary structures,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.76,0:03:30.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,offering short-term shelter until \Ninhabitants can safely return home,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.66,0:03:32.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be integrated to the host country,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.63,0:03:35.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or resettle in another country.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.14,0:03:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But resettlement and long-term \Nintegration options are often limited.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.76,0:03:44.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So many refugees are left with no choice\Nbut to remain in camps for years,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.28,0:03:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sometimes even decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.44,0:03:51.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once in a new country, the first legal\Nstep for a displaced person
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.11,0:03:53.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to apply for asylum.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.14,0:03:56.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At this point, they are an asylum seeker,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.07,0:04:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not officially recognized as a refugee\Nuntil the application has been accepted.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.47,0:04:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While countries by and large agree\Non one definition of refugee,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.94,0:04:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every host country is responsible\Nfor examining all requests for asylum
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.68,0:04:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and deciding whether applicants can be\Ngranted the status of refugee.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.82,0:04:17.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Different countries guidelines \Ncan vary substantially.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.36,0:04:19.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Host countries have several duties
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.82,0:04:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards people they have \Nrecognized as refugees,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.62,0:04:27.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the guarantee of a minimum standard\Nof treatment and non-discrimination.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.87,0:04:31.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most basic obligation towards refugees\Nis non-refoulement,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.89,0:04:35.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a principle preventing a nation from\Nsending an individual
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.14,0:04:38.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a country where their life and freedom\Nare threatened.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.72,0:04:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In reality, however, refugees are\Nfrequently the victims
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.88,0:04:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of inconsistent \Nand discriminatory treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.38,0:04:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're increasingly obliged to rebuild\Ntheir lives in the face of xenophobia
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.38,0:04:50.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and racism.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.97,0:04:54.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all too often, they aren't permitted\Nto enter the work force,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.19,0:04:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and are fully dependent \Non humanitarian aid.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.14,0:05:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In addition, far too many refugee children\Nare out of school
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.14,0:05:04.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,due to lack of funding \Nfor education programs.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.84,0:05:07.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go back in your own family history,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.43,0:05:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chances are you will discover that\Nat a certain point,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.06,0:05:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your ancestors were forced \Nfrom their homes,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.88,0:05:19.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,either escaping a war,\Nor fleeing discrimination and persecution.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.25,0:05:22.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would be good of us to remember\Ntheir stories
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.57,0:05:25.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we hear of refugees \Ncurrently displaced,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.59,0:05:28.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,searching for a new home.