[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.43,0:00:03.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to tell you a love story.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.19,0:00:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it doesn't have a happy ending.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.33,0:00:11.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once upon a time,\NI was a stubborn five-year-old
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.05,0:00:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who decided to become a marine biologist.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.53,0:00:18.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thirty-four years, 400 scuba dives,\Nand one PhD later,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.01,0:00:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm still completely\Nenamored with the ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.80,0:00:25.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I spent a decade working\Nwith fishing communities
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.41,0:00:26.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Caribbean,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.62,0:00:29.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,counting fish, interviewing fishermen,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.04,0:00:32.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,redesigning fishing gear\Nand developing policy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.96,0:00:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been helping to figure out\Nwhat sustainable management can look like
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.04,0:00:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for places where food security,\Njobs and cultures
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.70,0:00:42.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all depend on the sea.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.54,0:00:46.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the midst of all this, I fell in love.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.63,0:00:48.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With a fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.68,0:00:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are over 500 fish species\Nthat live on Caribbean reefs,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.31,0:00:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the ones I just\Ncan't get out of my head
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.56,0:00:57.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are parrotfish.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.09,0:01:00.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Parrotfish live on coral reefs\Nall over the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.66,0:01:02.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are 100 species,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.46,0:01:04.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can grow well over a meter long
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.29,0:01:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and weigh over 20 kilograms,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.94,0:01:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's the boring stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.10,0:01:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to tell you five\Nincredible things about these fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.82,0:01:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, they have a mouth\Nlike a parrot's beak,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.34,0:01:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is strong enough to bite coral,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.14,0:01:19.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although mostly, they're after algae.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.70,0:01:21.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are the lawn mowers of the reef.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.91,0:01:25.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is key, because many reefs\Nare overgrown with algae
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.72,0:01:29.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,due to nutrient pollution\Nfrom sewage and fertilizer
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.03,0:01:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that runs off of land.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.84,0:01:33.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there just aren't enough\Nherbivores like parrotfish
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.53,0:01:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,left out on the reefs
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.72,0:01:36.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to mow it all down.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.93,0:01:39.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, second amazing thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.31,0:01:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After all that eating,\Nthey poop fine white sand.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.83,0:01:48.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A single parrot fish can produce\Nover 380 kilograms
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.66,0:01:50.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this pulverized coral each year.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.37,0:01:52.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes, when scuba diving,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.98,0:01:54.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would look up from my clipboard
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.92,0:01:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just see contrails\Nof parrotfish poop raining down.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.76,0:02:04.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So next time you're lounging\Non a tropical white-sand beach,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.23,0:02:06.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe think of parrot fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.57,0:02:07.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.74,0:02:10.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Third, they have so much style.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.71,0:02:12.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mottled and striped, teal, magenta,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.02,0:02:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yellow, orange, polka-dotted,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.18,0:02:18.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,parrotfish are a big part\Nof what makes coral reefs so colorful.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.21,0:02:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plus, in true diva style,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.59,0:02:25.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have multiple wardrobe changes\Nthroughout their life.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.47,0:02:26.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A juvenile outfit,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.66,0:02:27.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an intermediate getup,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.97,0:02:29.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a terminal look.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.71,0:02:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fourth, with this last wardrobe change
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.56,0:02:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes a sex change from female to male,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.08,0:02:37.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,termed sequential hermaphroditism.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.25,0:02:42.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These large males then gather\Nharems of females to spawn.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.70,0:02:46.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Heterosexual monogamy\Nis certainly not nature's status quo.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.42,0:02:49.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And parrotfish exemplify\Nsome of the beauty
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.24,0:02:51.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of diverse reproductive strategies.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.09,0:02:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fifth, and the most incredible,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.38,0:02:59.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes when parrotfish\Ncozy up into a nook in the reef at night,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.33,0:03:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they secrete a mucus bubble\Nfrom a gland in their head
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.12,0:03:05.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that envelops their entire body.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.75,0:03:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This masks their scent from predators
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.97,0:03:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and protects them from parasites,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.59,0:03:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they can sleep soundly.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.90,0:03:13.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, how cool is this?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.94,0:03:15.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.95,0:03:19.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is a confession\Nof my love for parrotfish
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.74,0:03:21.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all their flamboyant,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.46,0:03:24.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,algae-eating, sand-pooping,\Nsex-changing glory.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.71,0:03:25.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.83,0:03:29.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But with this love comes heartache.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.83,0:03:34.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now that groupers and snappers\Nare woefully overfished,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.50,0:03:36.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fishermen are targeting parrotfish.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.94,0:03:39.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spearfishing took out the large species,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.37,0:03:43.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,midnight blue and rainbow parrotfish\Nare now exceedingly rare,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.67,0:03:46.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nets and traps are scooping up\Nthe smaller species.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.100,0:03:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As both a marine biologist\Nand a single person,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.70,0:03:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can tell you,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.96,0:03:54.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there aren't that many fish in the sea.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.44,0:03:55.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.56,0:03:58.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, there's my love for their home,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.75,0:03:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the coral reef,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.95,0:04:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was once as vibrant\Nas Caribbean cultures,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.42,0:04:05.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as colorful as the architecture,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.47,0:04:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as bustling as carnival.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.67,0:04:09.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because of climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.39,0:04:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on top of overfishing and pollution,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.26,0:04:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coral reefs may be gone within 30 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.90,0:04:19.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An entire ecosystem erased.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.19,0:04:21.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is devastating,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.37,0:04:25.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because hundreds of millions\Nof people around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.72,0:04:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depend on reefs\Nfor their nutrition and income.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.58,0:04:31.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let that sink in.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.100,0:04:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A little bit of good news
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.84,0:04:40.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that places like Belize, Barbuda\Nand Borneo are protecting these VIPs --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.46,0:04:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very Important Parrotfish.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.88,0:04:47.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, more and more places\Nare establishing protected areas
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.04,0:04:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that protect the entire ecosystem.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.04,0:04:53.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are critical efforts,\Nbut it's not enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.16,0:04:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As I stand here today,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.06,0:04:59.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only 2.2 percent\Nof the ocean is protected.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.96,0:05:02.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile, 90 percent of the large fish,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.74,0:05:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 80 percent\Nof the coral on Caribbean reefs
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.83,0:05:07.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is already gone.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.32,0:05:10.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're in the midst\Nof the sixth mass extinction.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.93,0:05:14.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we, humans, are causing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.29,0:05:17.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also have the solutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.06,0:05:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reverse climate change and overfishing,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.06,0:05:22.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protect half the ocean
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.58,0:05:24.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stop pollution running from land.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.57,0:05:26.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these are massive undertakings
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.86,0:05:28.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,requiring systemic changes,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.99,0:05:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're really taking our sweet time\Ngetting around to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.78,0:05:35.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each of us can contribute, though.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.50,0:05:38.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With our votes, our voices,\Nour food choices,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.24,0:05:40.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our skills and our dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.17,0:05:43.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We must overhaul both corporate practices
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.17,0:05:44.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and government policies.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.60,0:05:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We must transform culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.05,0:05:50.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Building community around solutions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.83,0:05:53.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the most important thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.15,0:05:56.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am never going to give up
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.75,0:06:00.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working to protect and restore\Nthis magnificent planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.22,0:06:04.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every bit of habitat we preserve,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.41,0:06:07.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every tenth of a degree\Nof warming we prevent
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.63,0:06:09.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really does matter.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.82,0:06:12.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thankfully, I'm not motivated by hope,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.56,0:06:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but rather a desire to be useful.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.56,0:06:19.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because I don't know\Nhow to give an honest talk
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.71,0:06:23.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about my beloved parrotfish\Nand coral reefs
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.11,0:06:24.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has a happy ending.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.04,0:06:26.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.22,0:06:29.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)