WEBVTT 00:00:02.416 --> 00:00:05.815 Hey folks, this is Brad Stucki, and I'm excited to be here to share 00:00:05.815 --> 00:00:09.067 with you a little bit of the things that I've learned from this particular 00:00:09.067 --> 00:00:13.349 theorist. I signed up for Urie Bronfenbrenner and his 00:00:13.349 --> 00:00:16.666 bioecological theory of child development, and we've talked 00:00:16.666 --> 00:00:19.449 about this a little bit already in class, and so I'm excited to 00:00:19.449 --> 00:00:23.200 build on what we've already talked about. So here we go. 00:00:23.200 --> 00:00:27.216 I'd like to start by sharing a little bit of the overview of what 00:00:27.216 --> 00:00:31.049 Bronfenbrenner taught and what he studied. His work focuses 00:00:31.049 --> 00:00:35.264 on the development of the child with their environment, and so 00:00:35.264 --> 00:00:39.599 it shows how the child interacts with different systems and different 00:00:39.599 --> 00:00:44.948 people, and how it affects them to become who they end up being-- 00:00:44.948 --> 00:00:49.382 who their individual person is. So we'll go ahead and we'll just 00:00:49.382 --> 00:00:53.714 jump right into it. Okay, so the first system is the microsystem. 00:00:53.714 --> 00:00:58.481 This is the most simple. It is the child interactions with their family, 00:00:58.481 --> 00:01:03.897 with their peers, it is their individual, personal relationships that they have 00:01:03.897 --> 00:01:10.745 with one another that shape them into who they are and who they become. 00:01:10.745 --> 00:01:15.629 And so an example of this would be the child learning from their parents 00:01:15.629 --> 00:01:19.926 or from their teachers, it may be them picking up their different social cues, 00:01:19.926 --> 00:01:26.693 their laugh, it could be just observing the parent, or listening to what they say 00:01:26.693 --> 00:01:31.111 and copying those same standards and so it's just the interaction 00:01:31.111 --> 00:01:34.060 between those two-- the child and the parent, or the child and 00:01:34.060 --> 00:01:36.643 their teacher, the child and their friends-- that helps them develop 00:01:36.643 --> 00:01:43.642 into their individual person. Okay, so the next one-- oh, so actually, 00:01:43.642 --> 00:01:48.175 every time we talk about a system I'm just gonna lay down a line that 00:01:48.175 --> 00:01:53.710 has the definition of it, and I'll just reiterate what it says, and so the 00:01:53.710 --> 00:01:57.876 microsystem is just an interaction or support between the individual 00:01:57.876 --> 00:02:00.376 and their direct relationship, like their parents. 00:02:00.376 --> 00:02:04.725 So the next system is the mesosystem, and this one 00:02:04.725 --> 00:02:10.492 is a system of microsystems. So a microsystem that's 00:02:10.492 --> 00:02:15.859 like the parents, the friends, the teachers, and the mesosystem 00:02:15.859 --> 00:02:20.743 is the interaction between these two microsystems. And the results 00:02:20.743 --> 00:02:25.175 of those affects the child positively or negatively. So here's an example 00:02:25.175 --> 00:02:30.841 of the mesosystem. In this post, you see that their friends, and you 00:02:30.841 --> 00:02:33.758 put them together with the parents, like maybe they come over, and if they 00:02:33.758 --> 00:02:37.759 have a negative reaction-- if they disapprove of the friends, results in 00:02:37.759 --> 00:02:41.625 the top part, where the child will be sad, they may have a negative 00:02:41.625 --> 00:02:46.657 development. They're pushing against the parents, maybe have 00:02:46.657 --> 00:02:49.340 negative feelings towards the parents, whereas the bottom, 00:02:49.340 --> 00:02:52.890 if the parents approve of the friends, there's a positive development 00:02:52.890 --> 00:02:55.923 where the child trusts the parents more, trusts the friends more, 00:02:55.923 --> 00:02:59.640 and this is positive all together. And so that's an example of the 00:02:59.640 --> 00:03:07.357 mesosystem and how the different microsystems interact to affect the child. 00:03:07.357 --> 00:03:10.874 And so that's the mesosystem, it's the interaction between different microsystems 00:03:10.874 --> 00:03:19.723 that affect the child. The exosystem is the next step up from being further 00:03:19.723 --> 00:03:24.089 away from the child. And so if you look at the second line, it describes what the 00:03:24.089 --> 00:03:28.140 exosystem is. It is people or places that children may not directly interact 00:03:28.140 --> 00:03:33.340 with, but still impact their lives. And so, an example of this is the 00:03:33.340 --> 00:03:36.456 community or the neighborhood they grow up in, the government, 00:03:36.456 --> 00:03:40.508 the church, their parents' workplace. And certain examples. 00:03:40.508 --> 00:03:46.656 And so the example of an exosystem, the top one is a great example. 00:03:46.656 --> 00:03:52.438 It's a father who is continually passed up for a promotion by 00:03:52.438 --> 00:03:57.155 an indifferent boss at the workplace, who may take it out on his child and 00:03:57.155 --> 00:04:01.858 mistreat them at home. And so the child never interacted with the parent's 00:04:01.858 --> 00:04:06.871 workplace, but received the results of the stress and anger from the parent, 00:04:06.871 --> 00:04:11.654 and so that's what an exosystem is, and the bottom one talks about a 00:04:11.654 --> 00:04:14.105 mother who leaves to go to the military and the child develops 00:04:14.105 --> 00:04:19.005 anxiety, even though she's never been to her parent's workplace, 00:04:19.005 --> 00:04:23.655 doesn't know why the parents are leaving. And so that's the result of 00:04:23.655 --> 00:04:29.070 the exosystem. And so the exosystem is something-- an interaction, setting, 00:04:29.070 --> 00:04:32.471 that does not involve the child but still affects them. 00:04:32.471 --> 00:04:36.755 Okay, and so the next one is the macrosystem, and is described 00:04:36.755 --> 00:04:41.137 as the effects of larger principles defined by the macrosystem. 00:04:41.137 --> 00:04:46.137 And so that's like cultural values, religious values, customs, and laws. 00:04:46.137 --> 00:04:50.087 And I guess also it includes the mass media. 00:04:50.087 --> 00:04:53.786 And so an example of that is culture-- culture's a collection of beliefs, 00:04:53.786 --> 00:04:58.620 customs, and art, and people who live in those customs are expected 00:04:58.620 --> 00:05:05.003 to live certain ways. And so the macrosystem affects the child 00:05:05.003 --> 00:05:08.721 because of those cultures, because of where they're 00:05:08.721 --> 00:05:11.587 expected to live, and that affects who they become 00:05:11.587 --> 00:05:15.837 and the development of that child. So like an example I use 00:05:15.837 --> 00:05:19.820 is the societal culture where the father's the breadwinner, 00:05:19.820 --> 00:05:24.436 when that's not really the case it is now, but it still affects the 00:05:24.436 --> 00:05:28.869 child to maybe want to be that breadwinner and to 00:05:28.869 --> 00:05:33.786 not allow his wife to provide for their family. 00:05:33.786 --> 00:05:37.686 And so macrosystem is just the effects of culture, religious beliefs, 00:05:37.686 --> 00:05:42.702 their views and lifestyle of a child, and so it helps develop that child 00:05:42.702 --> 00:05:45.986 to become who they are. 00:05:45.986 --> 00:05:50.951 The last one is the chronosystem, and this one relates to time, 00:05:50.951 --> 00:05:54.787 and so it's the passage of time or the time and era that they live in 00:05:54.787 --> 00:06:00.318 that affects the child. Like war-time, depression, being a 'baby boomer' 00:06:00.318 --> 00:06:07.736 (quote, unquote) to the gen-Z, millennials, and that depiction 00:06:07.736 --> 00:06:11.751 affects how the child is seen and also how they live. 00:06:11.751 --> 00:06:17.884 And like an example of that is the Great Depression. My grandmother 00:06:17.884 --> 00:06:21.067 lived around the time of the Great Depression, right after, 00:06:21.067 --> 00:06:29.764 and she grew up never throwing anything away. Every little use 00:06:29.764 --> 00:06:34.696 of every single item that she bought to use and use until it wore out. 00:06:34.696 --> 00:06:42.829 So that's an example of the chronosystem and how time and era that you live in 00:06:42.829 --> 00:06:47.429 affects who you are and what you become. And so that's chronosystem, 00:06:47.429 --> 00:06:51.762 the effect of time on the child, the influence of time. And so now that we 00:06:51.762 --> 00:06:56.079 understand all this, how does it affect our teaching? And one of the articles 00:06:56.079 --> 00:07:02.112 I found, it says, 'by studying the various ecological systems, Bronfenbrenner's 00:07:02.112 --> 00:07:06.928 ecological systems theory is able to demonstrate the diversity of interrelated 00:07:06.928 --> 00:07:11.295 influences on children's development. Awareness of the contexts that children 00:07:11.295 --> 00:07:16.811 are in can sensitize us to variations in the way children may act in 00:07:16.811 --> 00:07:21.728 different settings.' So as a teacher, as we're aware of how the child's 00:07:21.728 --> 00:07:26.544 development may be influenced by these different systems, we can 00:07:26.544 --> 00:07:31.390 do a better job in teaching and being aware of our different students 00:07:31.390 --> 00:07:34.240 so that we can be the best teacher that we can. That we can give them 00:07:34.240 --> 00:07:37.723 individualized teaching that will help the student. 00:07:37.723 --> 00:07:42.173 And so that's what I got from Bronfenbrenner's theory, 00:07:42.173 --> 00:07:48.006 and hopefully it helps you as well in helping to individualize your 00:07:48.006 --> 00:07:52.872 students' teaching to help them to have the best education and 00:07:52.872 --> 00:07:54.921 development that they can have. 00:07:54.921 --> 00:07:59.539 So here is the bibliography, and I'm excited to hear what you guys 00:07:59.539 --> 00:08:01.741 have to say, so thank you.