[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.62,0:00:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like you to imagine the world anew.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.99,0:00:19.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like to share some ideas with you,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.39,0:00:22.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I first shared with my friend
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.78,0:00:26.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carl Lee, and which we've got\Nfor many other people
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.36,0:00:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how you can look at the world
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.65,0:00:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in very different ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.04,0:00:33.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like to show you some maps,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.24,0:00:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which have been drawn by Ben Hennig,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.00,0:00:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the planet in a way
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.92,0:00:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that most of you will never\Nhave seen the planet depicted before.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.38,0:00:48.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to talk about\Nhow everything is connected
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.51,0:00:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to everything else.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.83,0:00:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The phrase is normally attributed
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.43,0:00:54.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Lenin,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.09,0:00:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it was used recently\Nby my friend George Monbiot,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.75,0:01:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he was trying to explain
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.72,0:01:03.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the importance of whale poo\Nin the oceans.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.41,0:01:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we kill the whales,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.07,0:01:07.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don't get the whale poo
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.67,0:01:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the oceans don't get the whale poo
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.17,0:01:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things go badly wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.08,0:01:16.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's an image\Nthat you're very familiar with.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.88,0:01:20.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm old enough that I was actually born\Nbefore we saw this image.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.96,0:01:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Apparently some of my first words\Nwere "moona, moona,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.56,0:01:26.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think that's my mom\Nhaving a particular fantasy
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.68,0:01:28.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what her baby boy could see
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.96,0:01:32.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the flickering\Nblack and white TV screen.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.48,0:01:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's only been a few centuries
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.12,0:01:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since we've actually, most of us,\Nthought of our planet as spherical.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.96,0:01:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we first saw\Nthese images in the 1960s,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.04,0:01:45.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world was changing\Nat an incredible rate.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.12,0:01:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In my own little discipline\Nof human geography,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.40,0:01:54.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a cartographer called Waldo Tobler
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.16,0:01:56.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was drawing new maps of the planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.72,0:01:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these maps have now spread,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.24,0:02:00.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm going to show you one of them now.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.60,0:02:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This map is a map of the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.12,0:02:06.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's a map which looks to you
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.56,0:02:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a little bit strange.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.60,0:02:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a map in which we stretched places,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.44,0:02:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that those areas which contain\Nmany people are drawn larger,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.16,0:02:20.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those areas,\Nlike the Sahara and the Himalayas,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.12,0:02:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which there are few people,\Nhave been shrunk away.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.16,0:02:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody on the planet\Nis given an equal amount of space.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.52,0:02:30.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cities are shown shining bright.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.08,0:02:34.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The lines are showing you\Nsubmarine cables and trade routes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.68,0:02:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's one particular line\Nthat goes from the Chinese port of Dalian
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.36,0:02:40.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through past Singapore,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.08,0:02:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the Suez Canal,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.84,0:02:44.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the Mediterranean\Nand round to Rotterdam.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.20,0:02:45.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's showing you the route
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.72,0:02:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what was the world's\Nlargest ship just a year ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.68,0:02:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a ship which was taking\Nso many containers of goods
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.72,0:02:57.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that when they were unloaded,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.60,0:03:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the lorries had all gone in convoy,\Nthey would have been 100 kilometers long.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.08,0:03:05.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is how our world is now connected.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.84,0:03:11.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the quantity of stuff\Nwe are now moving around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.84,0:03:14.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just on one ship, on one voyage,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.60,0:03:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in five weeks.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.32,0:03:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've lived in cities\Nfor a very long time,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.64,0:03:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but most of us didn't live in cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.88,0:03:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Çatalhöyük,\None of the world's first cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.04,0:03:30.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At its peak 9,000 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.16,0:03:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people had to walk over the roofs\Nof others' houses to get to their home.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.08,0:03:41.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look carefully\Nat the map of the city,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.40,0:03:43.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll see it has no streets,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.28,0:03:46.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because streets are something we invented.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.76,0:03:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.00,0:03:51.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It changes by trial and error.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.40,0:03:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We work out slowly and gradually
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.32,0:03:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to live in better ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.58,0:04:03.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the world has changed\Nincredibly quickly most recently.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.70,0:04:08.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's only within the last six,\Nseven, or eight generations
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.66,0:04:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we have actually realized\Nthat we are a species.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.94,0:04:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's only within the last few decades
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.34,0:04:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a map like this could be drawn.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.34,0:04:25.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, the underlying map\Nis the map of world population,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.66,0:04:32.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but over it, you're seeing arrows\Nshowing how we spread out of Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.34,0:04:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with dates showing you\Nwhere we think we arrived
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.14,0:04:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at particular times.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.78,0:04:42.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to redraw this map\Nevery few months,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.66,0:04:47.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because somebody makes a discovery\Nthat a particular date was wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.66,0:04:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are learning about ourselves\Nat an incredible speed.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.70,0:04:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're changing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.74,0:04:59.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of change is gradual.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.02,0:05:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's accretion.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.54,0:05:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't notice the change
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.42,0:05:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we only have short lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.26,0:05:08.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,70, 80, if you're lucky 90 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.66,0:05:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This graph is showing you
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.70,0:05:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the annual rate of population\Ngrowth in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.22,0:05:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was very low until around about 1850,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.18,0:05:21.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then the rate of population growth
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.82,0:05:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,began to rise
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.94,0:05:25.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that around the time I was born,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.98,0:05:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we first saw those images\Nfrom the moon of our planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.74,0:05:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our global population\Nwas growing at two percent a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.54,0:05:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it had carried on growing\Nat two percent a year
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.70,0:05:44.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for just another couple of centuries,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.66,0:05:47.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the entire planet would be covered
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.94,0:05:50.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a seething mass of human bodies
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.02,0:05:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all touching each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.10,0:05:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people were scared.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.94,0:05:57.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were scared of population growth
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.78,0:06:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what they called\N"the population bomb" in 1968.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.14,0:06:03.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then, if you look\Nat the end of the graph,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.34,0:06:06.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the growth began to slow.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.82,0:06:09.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The decade...
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.22,0:06:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The '70s, the '80s,\Nthe '90s, the noughties,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.70,0:06:14.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in this decade, even faster...
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.70,0:06:17.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our population growth is slowing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.34,0:06:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our planet is stabilizing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.62,0:06:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are heading towards nine,\N10, or 11 billion people
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.66,0:06:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the end of the century.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.50,0:06:26.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Within that change, you can see tumult.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.86,0:06:28.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see the Second World War.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.70,0:06:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see the pandemic\Nin 1918 from influenza.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.90,0:06:34.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see the great Chinese famine.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.50,0:06:37.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the events\Nwe tend to concentrate on.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.82,0:06:41.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We tend to concentrate\Non the terrible events in the news.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.78,0:06:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't tend to concentrate\Non the gradual change
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.46,0:06:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the good news stories.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.58,0:06:50.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We worry about people.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.30,0:06:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We worry about how many people there are.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.58,0:06:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We worry about how you can\Nget away from people.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.30,0:06:59.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is the map of the world\Nchanged again to make area large,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.86,0:07:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the further away\Npeople are from each area.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.26,0:07:09.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you want to know\Nwhere to go to get away from everybody,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.22,0:07:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here's the best places to go.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.82,0:07:14.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And every year, these areas get bigger,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.66,0:07:17.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because every year,\Nwe are coming off the land globally.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.94,0:07:19.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are moving into the cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.42,0:07:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are packing in more densely.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.62,0:07:23.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are wolves again in Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.26,0:07:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the wolves are moving west\Nacross the continent.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.30,0:07:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our world is changing.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.02,0:07:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have worries.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.78,0:07:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a map showing\Nwhere the water falls on our planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.70,0:07:41.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We now know that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.42,0:07:45.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can look at where Çatalhöyük was,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.22,0:07:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where three continents meet,\NAfrica, Asia, and Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.82,0:07:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can see there are\Na large number of people living there
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.82,0:07:52.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in areas with very little water.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.42,0:07:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can see areas in which\Nthere is a great deal of rainfall as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.14,0:07:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can get a bit more sophisticated.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.54,0:08:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead of making\Nthe map be shaped by people,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.94,0:08:05.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can shape the map by water,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.18,0:08:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we can change it every month
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.06,0:08:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to show the amount of water
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.74,0:08:11.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,falling on every small part of the globe.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.02,0:08:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you see the monsoons\Nmoving around the planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.34,0:08:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the planet almost appears\Nto have a heartbeat.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.82,0:08:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all of this only became possible
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.02,0:08:27.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within my lifetime
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.82,0:08:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see this is where we are living.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.74,0:08:32.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have enough water.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.86,0:08:39.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a map of where\Nwe grow our food in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.38,0:08:44.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the areas that we will rely on\Nmost for rice and maize and corn.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.86,0:08:49.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People worry that there won't\Nbe enough food, but we know,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.74,0:08:54.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we just ate less meat\Nand fed less of the crops to animals,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.54,0:08:56.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is enough food for everybody
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.98,0:09:01.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as long as we think of ourselves\Nas one group of people.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.22,0:09:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we also know
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.38,0:09:08.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what we do
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.46,0:09:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so terribly badly nowadays.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.58,0:09:17.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will have seen this map\Nof the world before.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.58,0:09:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the map
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.54,0:09:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,produced by taking satellite images,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.94,0:09:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you remember those satellites\Naround the planet
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.74,0:09:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the very first slide I showed,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.34,0:09:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and producing an image\Nof what the Earth looks like at night.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.82,0:09:36.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you normally see that map,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.74,0:09:40.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a normal map, the kind of map\Nthat most of you will be used to,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.26,0:09:44.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you think you are seeing\Na map of where people live.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.22,0:09:47.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where the lights are shining up\Nis where people live.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.42,0:09:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here, on this image of the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.82,0:09:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remember we've stretched the map again.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.42,0:10:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everywhere has the same density\Nof people on this map.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.58,0:10:03.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If an area doesn't have people,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.78,0:10:05.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've shrunk it away
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.70,0:10:07.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make it disappear.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.26,0:10:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we're showing everybody
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.42,0:10:10.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with equal prominence.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.42,0:10:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the lights no longer show you\Nwhere people are,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.74,0:10:17.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because people are everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.22,0:10:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the lights on the map,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.18,0:10:23.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the lights in London,\Nthe lights in Cairo, the lights in Tokyo,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.18,0:10:26.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the lights on the Eastern Seaboard\Nof the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.14,0:10:29.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the lights show you where people live
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.10,0:10:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are so profligate with energy
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.26,0:10:33.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they can afford
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.78,0:10:36.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to spend money
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.34,0:10:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,powering lights to shine up into the sky,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.82,0:10:42.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so satellites can draw an image like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.94,0:10:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the areas that are dark on the map
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.82,0:10:50.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are either areas where people\Ndo not have access to that much energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.50,0:10:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or areas where people do,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.62,0:10:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they have learned to stop\Nshining the light up into the sky.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.06,0:11:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if I could show you this map\Nanimated over time,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.62,0:11:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you would see that Tokyo\Nhas actually become darker,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.22,0:11:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because ever since the tsunami in Japan,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.98,0:11:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Japan has had to rely\Non a quarter less electricity
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.42,0:11:15.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it turned\Nthe nuclear power stations off.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.34,0:11:17.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the world didn't end.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.50,0:11:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You just shone less light up.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.72,0:11:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are a huge number
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.72,0:11:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of good news stories in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.28,0:11:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Infant mortality is falling
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.72,0:11:35.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and has been falling\Nat an incredible rate.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.32,0:11:37.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.64,0:11:42.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the number of babies dying\Nin their first year of life in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.60,0:11:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fell by five percent in just one year.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.00,0:11:50.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More children are going to school
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.52,0:11:53.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and learning to read and write
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.16,0:11:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and getting connected to the Internet
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.00,0:11:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and going on to go to university
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.04,0:12:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than ever before at an incredible rate,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.96,0:12:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the highest number of young people\Ngoing to university in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.44,0:12:10.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are women, not men.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.56,0:12:15.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can give you good news story\Nafter good news story
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.48,0:12:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what is getting\Nbetter in the planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.12,0:12:20.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we tend to concentrate
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.28,0:12:25.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the bad news that is immediate.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.04,0:12:28.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rebecca Solnit, I think,\Nput it brilliantly,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.56,0:12:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when she explained: "The accretion\Nof incremental, imperceptible changes
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.92,0:12:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which can constitute progress\Nand which render our era
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.76,0:12:40.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dramatically different from the past"...
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.60,0:12:42.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The past was much more stable...
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.64,0:12:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"a contrast obscured by the undramatic\Nnature of gradual transformation,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.64,0:12:52.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,punctuated by occasional tumult."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.82,0:12:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Occasionally, terrible things happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.94,0:12:58.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are shown those terrible things
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.70,0:13:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the news every night of the week.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.38,0:13:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are not told about\Nthe population slowing down.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.38,0:13:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are not told about the world\Nbecoming more connected.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.42,0:13:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are not told about the incredible\Nimprovements in understanding.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.10,0:13:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are not told about\Nhow we are learning to begin
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.26,0:13:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to waste less and consume less.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.74,0:13:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is my last map.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.16,0:13:22.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On this map, we have taken the seas
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.56,0:13:24.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the oceans out.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.28,0:13:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you are just looking
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.32,0:13:31.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at about 7.4 billion people
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.20,0:13:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the map drawn\Nin proportion to those people.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.04,0:13:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're looking at over a billion in China,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.12,0:13:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can see the largest\Ncity in the world in China,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.96,0:13:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you do not know its name.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.88,0:13:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see that India
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.76,0:13:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is in the center of this world.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.44,0:13:50.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see that Europe is on the edge.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.76,0:13:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we in Exeter today
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.84,0:13:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are on the far edge of the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.80,0:13:59.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are on a tiny scrap of rock
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.80,0:14:01.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,off Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.52,0:14:04.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which contains less than one percent
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.16,0:14:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the world's adults,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.20,0:14:08.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and less than half a percent
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.76,0:14:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the world's children.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.44,0:14:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are living in a stabilizing world,\Nan urbanizing world,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.08,0:14:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an aging world,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.08,0:14:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a connecting world.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.24,0:14:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many, many things\Nto be frightened about,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.52,0:14:29.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there is no need for us\Nto fear each other as much as we do,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.76,0:14:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we need to see\Nthat we are now living in a new world.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.76,0:14:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.00,0:14:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)