[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.44,0:00:04.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm an underwater explorer,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.48,0:00:08.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more specifically a cave diver.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.20,0:00:11.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to be an astronaut\Nwhen I was a little kid,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.84,0:00:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but growing up in Canada as a young girl,\Nthat wasn't really available to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.68,0:00:21.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as it turns out,\Nwe know a lot more about space
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.48,0:00:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than we do about the underground waterways\Ncoursing through our planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.84,0:00:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the very lifeblood of Mother Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.72,0:00:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I decided to do something\Nthat was even more remarkable.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.12,0:00:35.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead of exploring outer space,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.60,0:00:38.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to explore\Nthe wonders of inner space.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.92,0:00:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, a lot of people will tell you
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.60,0:00:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that cave diving is perhaps\None of the most dangerous endeavors.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.56,0:00:49.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, imagine yourself\Nhere in this room,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.48,0:00:52.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you were suddenly\Nplunged into blackness,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.40,0:00:54.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with your only job to find the exit,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.84,0:00:57.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes swimming\Nthrough these large spaces,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.20,0:01:00.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at other times\Ncrawling beneath the seats,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.56,0:01:03.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,following a thin guideline,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.12,0:01:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just waiting for the life support\Nto provide your very next breath.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.88,0:01:09.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, that's my workplace.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.76,0:01:12.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what I want to teach you today
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.76,0:01:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that our world\Nis not one big solid rock.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.16,0:01:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a whole lot more like a sponge.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.96,0:01:23.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can swim through a lot of the pores\Nin our Earth's sponge,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.84,0:01:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but where I can't,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.28,0:01:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other life-forms and other materials\Ncan make that journey without me.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.32,0:01:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my voice is the one\Nthat's going to teach you
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.36,0:01:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the inside of Mother Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.64,0:01:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was no guidebook available to me
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.64,0:01:47.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I decided to be the first person\Nto cave dive inside Antarctic icebergs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.72,0:01:52.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2000, this was the largest\Nmoving object on the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.16,0:01:54.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It calved off the Ross Ice Shelf,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.20,0:01:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we went down there\Nto explore ice edge ecology
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.16,0:01:59.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and search for life-forms beneath the ice.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.44,0:02:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We use a technology called rebreathers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.64,0:02:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an awful lot like the same technology\Nthat is used for space walks.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.88,0:02:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This technology enables us to go deeper
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.36,0:02:13.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than we could've imagined\Neven 10 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.12,0:02:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We use exotic gases,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.20,0:02:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can make missions\Neven up to 20 hours long underwater.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.16,0:02:23.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I work with biologists.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.36,0:02:27.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turns out that caves\Nare repositories of amazing life-forms,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.92,0:02:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,species that we never knew existed before.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.76,0:02:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of these life-forms\Nlive in unusual ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.08,0:02:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have no pigment,\Nand no eyes in many cases,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.04,0:02:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these animals\Nare also extremely long-lived.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.56,0:02:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, animals swimming\Nin these caves today
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.04,0:02:49.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are identical in the fossil record
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.56,0:02:52.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that predates the extinction\Nof the dinosaurs.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.92,0:02:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So imagine that: these are\Nlike little swimming dinosaurs.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.68,0:03:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What can they teach us\Nabout evolution and survival?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.12,0:03:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we look at an animal\Nlike this remipede swimming in the jar,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.16,0:03:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he has giant fangs with venom.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.04,0:03:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He can actually attack something\N40 times his size and kill it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.32,0:03:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If he were the size of a cat,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.12,0:03:16.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he'd be the most dangerous\Nthing on our planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.92,0:03:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these animals live\Nin remarkably beautiful places,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.20,0:03:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in some cases,\Ncaves like this, that are very young,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.84,0:03:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet the animals are ancient.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.60,0:03:28.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How did they get there?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.88,0:03:32.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also work with physicists,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.08,0:03:35.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're interested oftentimes\Nin global climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.72,0:03:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can take rocks within the caves,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.04,0:03:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they can slice them\Nand look at the layers within with rocks,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.12,0:03:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much like the rings of a tree,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.08,0:03:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they can count back in history
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.12,0:03:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and learn about the climate on our planet\Nat very different times.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.84,0:03:51.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The red that you see in this photograph
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.36,0:03:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is actually dust from the Sahara Desert,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.72,0:03:58.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it's been picked up by wind\Nblown across the Atlantic Ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.84,0:04:03.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's rained down in this case\Non the island of Abaco in the Bahamas.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.24,0:04:04.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It soaks in through the ground
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.88,0:04:08.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and deposits itself\Nin the rocks within these caves,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.88,0:04:12.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when we look back in the layers\Nof these rocks, we can find times
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.72,0:04:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the climate\Nwas very, very dry on Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.52,0:04:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can go back\Nmany hundreds of thousands of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.56,0:04:22.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Paleoclimatologists are also interested
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.84,0:04:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in where the sea level stands were\Nat other times on Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.16,0:04:28.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here in Bermuda, my team and I embarked
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.40,0:04:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the deepest manned dives\Never conducted in the region,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.48,0:04:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we were looking for places
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.12,0:04:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the sea level\Nused to lap up against the shoreline,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.68,0:04:39.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many hundreds of feet\Nbelow current levels.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.88,0:04:44.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also get to work with paleontologists\Nand archaeologists.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.40,0:04:48.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In places like Mexico,\Nin the Bahamas, and even in Cuba,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.80,0:04:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're looking at cultural remains\Nand also human remains in caves,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.52,0:04:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they tell us a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.80,0:04:57.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about some of the earliest\Ninhabitants of these regions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.76,0:05:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But my very favorite project of all\Nwas over 15 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.28,0:05:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I was a part of the team\Nthat made the very first
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.83,0:05:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accurate, three-dimensional map\Nof a subterranean surface.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.16,0:05:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This device that I'm\Ndriving through the cave
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.56,0:05:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was actually creating\Na three-dimensional model as we drove it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.04,0:05:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also used ultra low frequency radio
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.12,0:05:21.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to broadcast back to the surface\Nour exact position within the cave.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.32,0:05:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I swam under houses and businesses\Nand bowling alleys and golf courses,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.16,0:05:30.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even under a Sonny's BBQ Restaurant,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.08,0:05:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pretty remarkable, and what that taught me
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.20,0:05:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that everything we do\Non the surface of our Earth
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.12,0:05:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be returned to us to drink.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.56,0:05:43.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our water planet is not just\Nrivers, lakes, and oceans,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.36,0:05:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's this vast network of groundwater\Nthat knits us all together.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.16,0:05:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a shared resource\Nfrom which we all drink,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.04,0:05:56.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when we can understand\Nour human connections with our groundwater
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.36,0:05:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all of our water resources\Non this planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.04,0:06:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we'll be working on the problem
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.80,0:06:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's probably the most important\Nissue of this century.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.04,0:06:08.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I never got to be that astronaut\Nthat I always wanted to be,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.48,0:06:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this mapping device,\Ndesigned by Dr. Bill Stone, will be.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.12,0:06:13.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's actually morphed.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.56,0:06:16.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's now a self-swimming autonomous robot,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.88,0:06:18.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,artificially intelligent,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.56,0:06:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and its ultimate goal\Nis to go to Jupiter's moon Europa
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.16,0:06:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and explore oceans beneath\Nthe frozen surface of that body.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.48,0:06:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's pretty amazing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.16,0:06:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)