[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.23,0:00:15.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine a place so dark
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.93,0:00:18.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can't see the nose on your face.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.15,0:00:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eyes opened or closed, it's all the same
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.22,0:00:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the sun never shines there.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.98,0:00:26.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Up ahead, you see a light.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.07,0:00:27.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you creep in to investigate,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.96,0:00:30.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a blue light flits around you.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.21,0:00:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I could watch this forever," you think.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.40,0:00:33.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you can't
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.42,0:00:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the mouth of an anglerfish has just sprung open
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.27,0:00:38.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and eaten you alive.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.47,0:00:40.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are just one of many creatures
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.05,0:00:42.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the bottom of the ocean who learn too late
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.35,0:00:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to appreciate the power of bioluminescence.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.94,0:00:48.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bioluminescence refers to the ability
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.23,0:00:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of certain living things to create light.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.86,0:00:52.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The human body can make stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.54,0:00:55.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like ear wax and toe nails,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.63,0:00:57.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but these organisms can turn
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.21,0:00:59.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,parts of their body into glow sticks.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.86,0:01:02.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like nature made them ready to rave.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.23,0:01:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.20,0:01:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one way or another,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.54,0:01:08.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bioluminescence improves a living thing's chances of survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.60,0:01:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take the firefly.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.04,0:01:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's ability to glow green
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.60,0:01:14.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helps it attract a mate on a warm, summer night,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.43,0:01:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's just one of many living things that can glow.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.34,0:01:20.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The railroad worm, Phrixothrix hirtus,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.05,0:01:21.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can light up its body in two colors:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.94,0:01:23.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,red and green.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.17,0:01:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would you eat something
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.26,0:01:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that looks like an airport runway?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.56,0:01:28.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Neither would any sensible predator.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.81,0:01:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The flashing lights keep the worm safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.72,0:01:33.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then there's the deep sea shrimp,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.78,0:01:35.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Acantherphyra purpurea.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.53,0:01:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it feels threatened,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.86,0:01:40.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it spews a cloud of glowing goo from its mouth.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.03,0:01:41.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who doesn't run the other way
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.33,0:01:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they've just been puked on?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.60,0:01:46.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plus, that puke attracts bigger predators
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.14,0:01:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who want to eat the shrimp's enemy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.39,0:01:50.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what if you can't bioluminesce?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.69,0:01:51.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No problem!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.74,0:01:53.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are other ways for living things
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.32,0:01:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make bioluminescence work for them,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.52,0:01:58.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if they weren't born with the equipment to glow.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.56,0:02:00.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's revisit the anglerfish
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.40,0:02:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moments before it tried to eat you.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.40,0:02:04.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That glowing bait on top of its head?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.20,0:02:07.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It comes from a pocket of skin called the esca.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.18,0:02:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The esca holds bioluminescent bacteria.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.04,0:02:12.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The anglerfish can't glow there by itself,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.29,0:02:16.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it holds a sack of glowing bacteria instead.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.33,0:02:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember the firefly?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.00,0:02:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can actually make itself glow.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.08,0:02:22.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Inside its lantern are two chemicals,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.67,0:02:25.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a luciferin and a luciferase.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.19,0:02:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When firefly luciferase and luciferin mix together
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.10,0:02:29.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the presence of oxygen
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.39,0:02:31.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and fuel for the cell, called ATP,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.47,0:02:35.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the chemical reaction gives off energy in the form of light.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.18,0:02:36.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once scientists figured out
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.64,0:02:39.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how the firefly creates its luciferase and luciferin,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.61,0:02:41.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they used genetic engineering
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.19,0:02:43.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make this light-producing reaction
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.11,0:02:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,occur inside other living things that can't glow.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.26,0:02:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, they inserted the genes,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.46,0:02:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or instructions, for a cell
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.12,0:02:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create firefly luciferase and luciferin into a tobacco plant.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.36,0:02:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once there, the tobacco plant followed the instructions
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.22,0:03:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,slipped into its DNA and lit up like a Christmas tree.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.23,0:03:02.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The beauty of bioluminescence,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.79,0:03:05.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unlike the light from the sun or an incandescent bulb,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.54,0:03:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that it's not hot.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.14,0:03:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes place in a range of temperatures
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.42,0:03:11.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that don't burn a living thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.41,0:03:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And unlike a glow stick,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.84,0:03:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which fades out as the chemicals inside get used up,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.72,0:03:19.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bioluminescent reactions use replenishable resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.47,0:03:20.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's one reason engineers
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.93,0:03:24.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are trying to develop bioluminescent trees.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.22,0:03:26.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just think, if planted on the side of highways,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.77,0:03:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they could light the way, using only oxygen
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.82,0:03:32.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other freely available, clean resources to run.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.46,0:03:34.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Talk about survival advantage!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.54,0:03:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That could help our planet live longer.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.16,0:03:39.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you find yourself thinking of other ways
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.49,0:03:42.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to put bioluminescence to good use?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.36,0:03:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That glow stick you swing at a rave
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.40,0:03:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may help you find a mate,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.00,0:03:49.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but how else can bioluminescence improve your survival?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.75,0:03:51.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you start thinking in this way,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.63,0:03:53.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have seen the light.