[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:04.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is referred to as the cushion clay\Ntablet and it is believed to have been
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.47,0:00:13.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made around 2600 BC. This tablet\Nshows the details of the transaction
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.32,0:00:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of grains. The upper part means\N135,000 liters.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.82,0:00:24.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the item in question: barley.\NThey drew it as it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.02,0:00:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The left side represents the terms\Nof the transaction. It says 37 months.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.47,0:00:36.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This tablet is a record that somebody\Nlent or borrowed 135,000 liters of
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.65,0:00:45.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,barley for a period of 37 months. \NWhat, then, do these symbols mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.31,0:00:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to research, the sound represented\Nby these symbols is coushem.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.24,0:00:52.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unlike the other symbols found on \Nthese ancient relics, the meaning
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.90,0:00:57.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of these are a mystery.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.51,0:01:02.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The two signs in these early tablets,\Ncoushem, are puzzling because
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.87,0:01:05.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't mean anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.08,0:01:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Um, these two signs individually\Neach have a meaning but together
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.03,0:01:11.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't seem to mean anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.14,0:01:15.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, it's been suggested quite\Nplausibly that this is somebody's name.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.24,0:01:21.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That somebody wrote these two signs\Nbecause the name sounded the same way.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.21,0:01:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A coom sign meaning something, and a shim sign\Nmeaning something else but together
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.34,0:01:26.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just somebody's name.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.64,0:01:33.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The phonetic symbols coo and shim\Ncame together to form cooshim,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.38,0:01:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a symbol that represents a sound. \NThis marked the beginning of salavak writing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.04,0:01:45.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the birth of rebus writing system.\NA single example of rebus can be found
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.77,0:01:49.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using a car and a cat. This representation,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.33,0:01:53.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,however, does not mean a car and a cat.\NThe sounds of the words represented
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.39,0:01:57.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by these pictographs, car and pet, could\Nbe used to mean something completely
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.67,0:02:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,different. In this case, carpet. \NThese symbols, meaningless by
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.24,0:02:11.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,themselves, come together to form a word.\NThis type of writing system is known a rebus,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.05,0:02:15.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a representation of words in the form\Nof pictures or symbols.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.51,0:02:20.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the modern era this concept \Nis seen as quite simple and basic
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.10,0:02:23.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for people in ancient times the \Nadoption of a rebus writing system
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.21,0:02:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a truly revolutionary development.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.88,0:02:35.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the adoption of more complex rebuses,\Nthe number of cuneiforms ranged from
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.77,0:02:40.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about 1500 to about 600. The previously \Ncomplicated pictures became simpler.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.95,0:02:57.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More advanced forms of cuneiform\Nwere found in relics north of Moor.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.89,0:03:01.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most famous among them were \Nfrom the poor.