0:00:00.051,0:00:01.490 So I thought I'd talk about identity. 0:00:01.490,0:00:04.270 That's sort of an[br]interesting enough topic to me. 0:00:04.270,0:00:07.448 And the reason was, [br]because when I was asked to do this, 0:00:07.448,0:00:11.011 I'd just read, in one of the papers,[br]I can't remember, 0:00:11.011,0:00:14.414 something from someone at Facebook[br]saying, well, 0:00:14.414,0:00:16.054 we need to make everybody[br]use their real names 0:00:16.054,0:00:18.315 and then that's basically[br]all the problems solved. 0:00:18.315,0:00:20.357 And that's so wrong, 0:00:20.357,0:00:24.300 that's such a fundamentally,[br]reactionary view of identity, 0:00:24.300,0:00:26.402 and it's going to get us[br]into all sorts of trouble. 0:00:26.402,0:00:27.643 And so what I thought I'd do[br] 0:00:27.643,0:00:32.068 is I'll explain four[br]sort of problems about it, 0:00:32.068,0:00:34.031 and then I'll suggest a solution, 0:00:34.031,0:00:35.861 which hopefully you [br]might find interesting. 0:00:35.861,0:00:38.154 So just to frame the problem, 0:00:38.154,0:00:39.744 what does authenticity mean? 0:00:39.744,0:00:44.834 That's me, that's[br]a camera phone picture of me 0:00:44.834,0:00:45.814 looking at a painting. 0:00:45.814,0:00:46.579 [What's the Problem?] 0:00:46.579,0:00:47.711 That's a painting that was painted 0:00:47.711,0:00:49.753 by a very famous forger, 0:00:49.753,0:00:51.616 and because I'm not very good [br]at presentations, 0:00:51.616,0:00:54.327 I already can't remember the name[br]that I wrote on my card. 0:00:54.327,0:00:58.633 And he was incarcerated [br]in, I think, Wakefield Prison 0:00:58.633,0:01:02.199 for forging masterpieces by,[br]I think, French Impressionists. 0:01:02.199,0:01:05.378 And he's so good at it,[br]that when he was in prison, 0:01:05.378,0:01:06.754 everybody in prison,[br]the governor and whatever, 0:01:06.754,0:01:09.601 wanted him to paint masterpieces[br]to put on the walls, 0:01:09.601,0:01:10.893 because they were so good. 0:01:10.893,0:01:12.277 And so that's a masterpiece,[br] 0:01:12.277,0:01:14.276 which is a fake of a masterpiece, 0:01:14.276,0:01:20.939 and bonded into the canvas is a chip[br]which identifies that as a real fake, 0:01:20.939,0:01:22.471 if you see what I mean. 0:01:22.471,0:01:23.663 (Laughter) 0:01:23.663,0:01:25.906 So when we're talking about authenticity, 0:01:25.906,0:01:31.368 it's a little more fractal than it appears[br]and that's a good example to show it. 0:01:31.368,0:01:35.349 I tried to pick four problems [br]that will frame the issue properly. 0:01:35.349,0:01:36.728 So the first problem, I thought, 0:01:36.728,0:01:38.449 Chip and PIN, right? 0:01:38.449,0:01:39.963 [Banking legacies[br]Bringing down the system from within] 0:01:39.963,0:01:40.835 [Offline solutions[br]do not work online] 0:01:40.835,0:01:43.451 I'm guessing everyone's got[br]a chip and PIN card, right? 0:01:43.451,0:01:45.217 So why is that a good example? 0:01:45.217,0:01:48.692 That's the example of how [br]legacy thinking about identity 0:01:48.692,0:01:51.610 subverts the security[br]of a well-constructed system. 0:01:51.610,0:01:54.401 That chip and PIN card [br]that's in your pocket 0:01:54.401,0:01:57.643 has a little chip on it[br]that cost millions of pounds to develop, 0:01:57.643,0:01:59.220 is extremely secure, 0:01:59.220,0:02:01.385 you can put scanning[br]electron microscopes on it, 0:02:01.385,0:02:03.561 you can try and grind it down,[br]blah blah blah. 0:02:03.561,0:02:07.148 Those chips have never been broken,[br]whatever you read in the paper. 0:02:07.148,0:02:10.382 And for a joke,[br]we take that super-secure chip 0:02:10.382,0:02:13.896 and we bond it to a trivially [br]counterfeitable magnetic stripe 0:02:13.896,0:02:17.518 and for very lazy criminals,[br]we still emboss the card. 0:02:17.518,0:02:21.025 So if you're a criminal in a hurry, [br]and you need to copy someone's card, 0:02:21.025,0:02:23.226 you can just stick a piece of paper on it[br]and rub a pencil over it 0:02:23.226,0:02:25.109 just to sort of speed things up. 0:02:25.109,0:02:28.205 And even more amusingly,[br]and on my debit card too, 0:02:28.205,0:02:30.596 we print the name and the SALT code [br]and everything else on the front too. 0:02:30.596,0:02:33.935 Why? 0:02:33.935,0:02:38.044 There is no earthly reason why your name[br]is printed on a chip and PIN card. 0:02:38.044,0:02:39.679 And if you think about it, 0:02:39.679,0:02:42.797 it's even more insidious and perverse[br]than it seems at first. 0:02:42.797,0:02:44.611 Because the only people that benefit 0:02:44.611,0:02:47.185 from having the name [br]on the card are criminals. 0:02:47.185,0:02:48.826 You know what your name is, right? 0:02:48.826,0:02:49.727 (Laughter) 0:02:49.727,0:02:51.979 And when you go into[br]a shop and buy something, 0:02:51.979,0:02:54.939 It's a PIN, he doesn't care [br]what the name is. 0:02:54.939,0:02:57.598 The only place where you ever have[br]to write your name on the back 0:02:57.598,0:02:58.768 is in America at the moment. 0:02:58.768,0:02:59.979 And whenever I go to America, 0:02:59.979,0:03:01.779 and I have to pay with a mag stripe[br]on the back of the card, 0:03:01.779,0:03:03.581 I always sign it Carlos Tethers anyway, 0:03:03.581,0:03:05.469 just as a security mechanism, 0:03:05.469,0:03:07.707 because if a transaction [br]ever gets disputed, 0:03:07.707,0:03:09.627 and it comes back and it says Dave Birch, 0:03:09.627,0:03:10.798 I know it must have been a criminal, 0:03:10.798,0:03:14.258 because I would never sign it Dave Birch. 0:03:14.258,0:03:15.948 (Laughter) 0:03:15.948,0:03:17.739 So if you drop your card in the street, 0:03:17.739,0:03:19.511 it means a criminal [br]can pick it up and read it. 0:03:19.511,0:03:20.216 They know the name,[br] 0:03:20.216,0:03:21.801 from the name they can find the address, 0:03:21.801,0:03:24.216 and then they can go off [br]and buy stuff online. 0:03:24.216,0:03:26.772 Why do we put the name on the card? 0:03:26.772,0:03:30.491 Because we think identity [br]is something to do with names, 0:03:30.491,0:03:34.186 and because we're rooted[br]in the idea of the identity card, 0:03:34.186,0:03:35.302 which obsesses us.[br] 0:03:35.302,0:03:37.856 And I know it crashed and burned[br]a couple of years ago, 0:03:37.856,0:03:42.453 but if you're someone in politics [br]or the home office or whatever, 0:03:42.453,0:03:43.671 and you think about identity, 0:03:43.671,0:03:46.809 you can only think of identity[br]in terms of cards with names on them. 0:03:46.809,0:03:50.219 And that's very subversive[br]in a modern world. 0:03:50.219,0:03:52.475 So the second example I thought I'd use 0:03:52.475,0:03:54.541 is chatrooms. 0:03:54.541,0:03:55.345 [Chatrooms and Children] 0:03:55.345,0:03:57.535 I'm very proud of that picture,[br]that's my son 0:03:57.535,0:04:01.611 playing in his band with his friends[br]for the first-ever gig, 0:04:01.611,0:04:03.580 I believe you call it, where he got paid. 0:04:03.580,0:04:04.367 (Laughter) 0:04:04.367,0:04:06.245 And I love that picture. 0:04:06.245,0:04:09.011 I like the picture of him[br]getting into medical school a lot better, 0:04:09.011,0:04:09.711 (Laughter) 0:04:09.711,0:04:11.824 I like that picture for the moment. 0:04:11.824,0:04:12.799 Why do I use that picture? 0:04:12.799,0:04:17.888 Because that was very interesting, [br]watching that experience as an old person. 0:04:17.888,0:04:19.331 So him and his friends, 0:04:19.331,0:04:22.209 they get together, they booked a room,[br]like a church hall, 0:04:22.209,0:04:24.059 and they got all their friends[br]who had bands, 0:04:24.059,0:04:25.340 and they got them together, 0:04:25.340,0:04:26.777 and they do it all on Facebook, 0:04:26.777,0:04:30.668 and then they sell tickets,[br]and the first band on the - 0:04:30.668,0:04:31.553 I was going to say "menu," 0:04:31.553,0:04:33.312 that's probably [br]the wrong word for it, isn't it? 0:04:33.312,0:04:35.793 The first band on the list of bands[br] 0:04:35.793,0:04:40.350 that appears at some [br]public music performance of some kind 0:04:40.350,0:04:42.519 gets the sales from the first 20 tickets, 0:04:42.519,0:04:44.339 then the next band gets the next 20, 0:04:44.339,0:04:45.325 and so on. 0:04:45.325,0:04:46.661 They were at the bottom of the menu, 0:04:46.661,0:04:48.779 they were like fifth,[br]I thought they had no chance. 0:04:48.779,0:04:51.041 He actually got 20 quid.[br]Fantastic, right? 0:04:51.041,0:04:53.138 But my point is, that all worked perfectly 0:04:53.138,0:04:55.919 except on the web. 0:04:55.919,0:04:58.112 So they're sitting on Facebook, 0:04:58.112,0:05:00.978 and they're sending these messages[br]and arranging things 0:05:00.978,0:05:03.297 and they don't know who anybody is. 0:05:03.297,0:05:04.928 That's the big problem [br]we're trying to solve. 0:05:04.928,0:05:06.895 If only they were using the real names, 0:05:06.895,0:05:09.096 Then you wouldn't be worried [br]about them on the internet. 0:05:09.096,0:05:10.341 And so when he says to me, 0:05:10.341,0:05:15.197 oh, I want to go to a chatroom[br]to talk about guitars or something, 0:05:15.197,0:05:18.446 I'm like, oh, well,[br]I don't want you to go into a chatroom 0:05:18.446,0:05:21.804 to talk about guitars, because [br]they might not all be your friends, 0:05:21.804,0:05:23.757 and some of the people [br]that are in the chatroom 0:05:23.757,0:05:27.624 might be perverts and teachers[br]and vicars. 0:05:27.624,0:05:29.449 (Laughter) 0:05:29.449,0:05:32.071 I mean, they generally are,[br]when you look in the paper, right? 0:05:32.071,0:05:35.434 So I want to know who[br]all the people in the chatroom are. 0:05:35.434,0:05:36.987 So okay, you can go in the chatroom, 0:05:36.987,0:05:39.435 but only if everybody in the chatroom[br]is using their real names, 0:05:39.435,0:05:44.562 and they submit full copies[br]of their police report. 0:05:44.562,0:05:47.498 But of course, if anybody [br]in the chatroom asked for his real name, 0:05:47.498,0:05:49.924 I'd say no. [br]You can't give them your real name. 0:05:49.924,0:05:52.624 Because what happens[br]if they turn out to be perverts, 0:05:52.624,0:05:55.297 and teachers and whatever, 0:05:55.297,0:05:56.708 So you have this odd sort of paradox, 0:05:56.708,0:05:59.039 where I'm happy for him[br]to go into this space 0:05:59.039,0:06:01.309 if I know who everybody else is, 0:06:01.309,0:06:03.672 but I don't want anybody else[br]to know who he is. 0:06:03.672,0:06:05.848 And so you get [br]this sort of logjam around identity 0:06:05.848,0:06:07.484 where you want full disclosure[br]from everybody else, 0:06:07.484,0:06:08.779 but not from yourself. 0:06:08.779,0:06:10.786 And there's no progress, we get stuck. 0:06:10.786,0:06:12.669 And so the chatroom thing [br]doesn't work properly, 0:06:12.669,0:06:17.461 and it's a very bad way [br]of thinking about identity. 0:06:17.461,0:06:20.396 So on my RSS feed, [br]I saw this thing about - 0:06:20.396,0:06:22.964 I just said something bad [br]about my RSS feed, didn't I? 0:06:22.964,0:06:24.747 I should stop saying it like that. 0:06:24.747,0:06:26.280 For some random reason[br]I can't imagine, 0:06:26.280,0:06:28.436 something about cheerleaders[br]turned up in my inbox. 0:06:28.436,0:06:30.134 And I read this story about cheerleaders, 0:06:30.134,0:06:31.862 and it's a fascinating story. 0:06:31.862,0:06:33.800 This happened a couple of years ago[br]in the U.S. 0:06:33.800,0:06:36.802 There were some cheerleaders[br]in a team at a high school 0:06:36.802,0:06:39.685 in the U.S., and they said mean things 0:06:39.685,0:06:40.871 about their cheerleading coach, 0:06:40.871,0:06:43.082 as I'm sure kids do[br]about all of their teachers 0:06:43.082,0:06:44.409 all of the time, 0:06:44.409,0:06:46.489 and somehow the cheerleading coach[br]found out about this. 0:06:46.489,0:06:47.953 She was very upset. 0:06:47.953,0:06:50.120 And so she went to one of the girls,[br]and said, 0:06:50.120,0:06:52.132 you have to give me[br]your Facebook password. 0:06:52.132,0:06:55.929 I read this all the time,[br]where even at some universities, 0:06:55.929,0:06:56.829 and places of education, 0:06:56.829,0:06:58.558 kids are forced to hand over [br]their Facebook passwords. 0:06:58.558,0:07:01.313 So you've got to give them [br]your Facebook password. 0:07:01.313,0:07:02.186 She was a kid! 0:07:02.186,0:07:03.372 What she should have said 0:07:03.372,0:07:04.602 is my lawyer will be calling you[br] 0:07:04.602,0:07:05.392 first thing in the morning. 0:07:05.392,0:07:07.513 It's an outrageous imposition 0:07:07.513,0:07:09.372 on my 4th Amendment right[br]to privacy,[br] 0:07:09.372,0:07:10.157 and you're going to be sued[br] 0:07:10.157,0:07:10.752 for all the money you've got. 0:07:10.752,0:07:11.808 That's what she should have said. 0:07:11.808,0:07:12.787 But she's a kid, 0:07:12.787,0:07:14.606 so she hands over the password. 0:07:14.606,0:07:16.656 The teacher can't log into Facebook, 0:07:16.656,0:07:19.828 because the school [br]has blocked access to Facebook. 0:07:19.828,0:07:21.741 So the teacher can't log into Facebook[br]until she gets home. 0:07:21.741,0:07:23.439 So the girl tells her friends, 0:07:23.439,0:07:24.000 guess what happened, 0:07:24.000,0:07:25.321 the teacher logged in, she knows. 0:07:25.321,0:07:27.162 So the girls just all logged into Facebook[br]on their phones, 0:07:27.162,0:07:29.304 and deleted their profiles. 0:07:29.304,0:07:32.189 And so when the teacher logged in,[br]there was nothing there. 0:07:32.189,0:07:37.841 My point is, those identities,[br]they don't think about them the same way. 0:07:37.841,0:07:41.570 Identity is, especially when [br]you're a teenager, a fluid thing. 0:07:41.570,0:07:43.175 You have lots of identities. 0:07:43.175,0:07:45.425 And you can have an identity,[br]you don't like it, 0:07:45.425,0:07:48.407 because it's subverted in some way,[br]or it's insecure, or it's inappropriate, 0:07:48.407,0:07:51.103 you just delete it and get another one. 0:07:51.103,0:07:54.427 The idea that you have an identity[br]that's given to you by someone, 0:07:54.427,0:07:55.246 the government or whatever, 0:07:55.246,0:07:57.365 and you have to stick with that identity[br]and use it in all places, 0:07:57.365,0:07:59.073 that's absolutely wrong. 0:07:59.073,0:08:02.105 Why would you want to really know[br]who someone was on Facebook, 0:08:02.105,0:08:04.695 unless you wanted to abuse them [br]and harass them in some way? 0:08:04.695,0:08:07.618 And it just doesn't work properly. 0:08:07.618,0:08:09.832 And my fourth example is[br]there are some cases 0:08:09.832,0:08:12.265 where you really want to be - 0:08:12.265,0:08:15.835 In case you're wondering, [br]that's me at the G20 protest. 0:08:15.835,0:08:19.511 I wasn't actually at the G20 protest,[br]but I had a meeting at a bank, 0:08:19.511,0:08:22.944 on the day of the G20 protest,[br]and I got an email from the bank 0:08:22.944,0:08:27.505 saying please don't wear a suit,[br]because it'll inflame the protestors. 0:08:27.505,0:08:29.279 I look pretty good in a suit, frankly, 0:08:29.279,0:08:30.969 so you can see why [br]it would drive them 0:08:30.969,0:08:32.304 into an anti-capitalist frenzy. 0:08:32.304,0:08:33.005 (Laughter) 0:08:33.005,0:08:33.934 So I thought, well, look. 0:08:33.934,0:08:37.103 If I don't want to inflame the protestors, 0:08:37.103,0:08:38.019 the obvious thing to do 0:08:38.019,0:08:39.345 is go dressed as a protestor. 0:08:39.345,0:08:41.442 So I went dressed completely in black, 0:08:41.442,0:08:43.326 You know, with a black balaclava, 0:08:43.326,0:08:44.160 I had black gloves on, 0:08:44.160,0:08:45.797 but I've taken them off [br]to sign the visitor's book. 0:08:45.797,0:08:46.369 (Laughter) 0:08:46.369,0:08:48.552 I'm wearing black trousers,[br]black boots, 0:08:48.552,0:08:49.958 I'm dressed completely in black. 0:08:49.958,0:08:51.132 I go into the bank at 10 o'clock, 0:08:51.132,0:08:52.097 go hi, I'm Dave Birch, 0:08:52.097,0:08:53.373 I've got a 3 o'clock [br]with so and so there. 0:08:53.373,0:08:54.814 Sure. They sign me in. 0:08:54.814,0:08:57.585 There's my visitor's badge. 0:08:57.585,0:08:58.476 (Laughter) 0:08:58.476,0:08:59.794 So this nonsense 0:08:59.794,0:09:01.848 about you've got to have real names[br]on Facebook and whatever, 0:09:01.848,0:09:04.083 that gets you that kind of security. 0:09:04.083,0:09:08.602 That gets you security theater,[br]where there's no actual security, 0:09:08.602,0:09:11.940 but people are sort of playing parts[br]in a play about security. 0:09:11.940,0:09:13.065 And as long as[br]everybody learns their lines, 0:09:13.065,0:09:14.601 everyone's happy. 0:09:14.601,0:09:17.465 But it's not real security. 0:09:17.465,0:09:20.707 Especially because I hate banks[br]more than the G20 protestors do, 0:09:20.707,0:09:21.892 because I work for them. 0:09:21.892,0:09:24.719 I know that things are actually worse[br]than these guys think. 0:09:24.719,0:09:26.492 (Laughter) 0:09:28.082,0:09:33.176 But suppose I worked [br]next to somebody in a bank 0:09:33.176,0:09:36.184 who was doing something. 0:09:42.954,0:09:45.144 Suppose I was sitting [br]next to a rogue trader, 0:09:45.144,0:09:47.447 and I want to report it [br]to the boss of the bank. 0:09:47.447,0:09:48.863 So I log on to do [br]a little bit of whistleblowing. 0:09:48.863,0:09:51.328 I send a message,[br]this guy's a rogue trader. 0:09:51.328,0:09:53.126 That message is meaningless[br] 0:09:53.126,0:09:56.074 if you don't know [br]that I'm a trader at the bank. 0:09:56.074,0:09:57.754 If that message just comes from anybody, 0:09:57.754,0:10:00.660 it has zero information value. 0:10:00.660,0:10:03.129 There's no point in sending that message. 0:10:04.673,0:10:07.440 But if I have to prove who I am, 0:10:07.440,0:10:08.641 I'll never send that message. 0:10:08.641,0:10:12.698 It's just like the nurse in the hospital[br]reporting the drunk surgeon. 0:10:12.698,0:10:15.619 That message will only happen[br]if I'm anonymous. 0:10:15.619,0:10:20.410 So the system has to have ways[br]of providing anonymity there, 0:10:20.410,0:10:22.061 otherwise we don't get [br]where we want to get to. 0:10:22.061,0:10:25.343 So four issues.[br]So what are we going to do about it? 0:10:25.343,0:10:30.030 Well, what we tend to do about it 0:10:30.030,0:10:32.418 is we think about Orwell space. 0:10:32.418,0:10:35.564 And we try to make electronic versions 0:10:35.564,0:10:37.871 of the identity card [br]that we got rid of in 1953. 0:10:37.871,0:10:40.628 So we think if we had a card, 0:10:40.628,0:10:41.967 call it a Facebook login, 0:10:41.967,0:10:43.264 which proves who you are, 0:10:43.264,0:10:45.155 and I make you carry it all the time, 0:10:45.155,0:10:45.973 that solves the problem. 0:10:45.973,0:10:48.131 And of course, for all those reasons[br]I've just outlined, 0:10:48.131,0:10:49.123 it doesn't, and it might, actually, 0:10:49.123,0:10:50.195 make some problems worse. 0:10:50.195,0:10:53.018 The more times you're forced[br]to use your real identity, 0:10:53.018,0:10:55.258 certainly in transactional terms, 0:10:55.258,0:10:57.878 the more likely that identity[br]is to get stolen and subverted. 0:10:57.878,0:11:00.404 The goal is to stop people[br]from using identity 0:11:00.404,0:11:02.581 in transactions which don't need identity, 0:11:02.581,0:11:05.090 which is actually almost all transactions. 0:11:05.090,0:11:07.387 Almost all of the transactions you do 0:11:07.387,0:11:09.075 are not, who are you? 0:11:09.075,0:11:11.209 They're, are you allowed [br]to drive the car, 0:11:11.209,0:11:12.444 are you allowed in the building, 0:11:12.444,0:11:13.301 are you over 18, 0:11:13.301,0:11:15.729 etcetera, etcetera. 0:11:15.729,0:11:17.560 So my suggestion- I, like James, 0:11:17.560,0:11:20.721 think that there should be [br]a resurgence of interest in R & D. 0:11:20.721,0:11:21.506 I think this is a solvable problem. 0:11:21.506,0:11:23.326 It's something we can do about. 0:11:23.326,0:11:25.274 Naturally, in these circumstances, 0:11:25.274,0:11:26.648 I turn to Doctor Who. 0:11:26.648,0:11:28.784 Because in this, 0:11:28.784,0:11:30.282 as in so many other walks of life, 0:11:30.282,0:11:33.381 Doctor Who has already shown [br]us the answer. 0:11:33.381,0:11:34.195 So I should say, 0:11:34.195,0:11:36.526 for some of our foreign visitors, 0:11:36.526,0:11:40.380 Doctor Who is the greatest [br]living scientist in England, 0:11:40.380,0:11:41.957 (Laughter) 0:11:41.957,0:11:44.757 and a beacon of truth and enlightenment[br]to all of us. 0:11:44.757,0:11:48.827 And this is Doctor Who[br]with his psychic paper. 0:11:48.827,0:11:50.997 Come on, you guys must have seen [br]Doctor Who's psychic paper. 0:11:50.997,0:11:52.997 You're not nerds if you say yes. 0:11:52.997,0:11:55.133 Who's seen Doctor Who's psychic paper? 0:11:55.133,0:11:57.563 Oh right, you were in the library[br]the whole time studying I guess. 0:11:57.563,0:11:59.633 Is that what you're going to tell us? 0:11:59.633,0:12:00.895 Doctor Who's psychic paper 0:12:00.895,0:12:03.015 is when you hold up the psychic paper, 0:12:03.015,0:12:04.553 the person, in their brain, 0:12:04.553,0:12:06.902 sees the thing that they need to see. 0:12:06.902,0:12:09.261 So I want to show you a British passport, 0:12:09.261,0:12:10.287 I hold up the psychic paper, 0:12:10.287,0:12:11.767 you see a British passport. 0:12:11.767,0:12:13.563 I want to get into a party, 0:12:13.563,0:12:15.170 I hold up the psychic paper, 0:12:15.170,0:12:16.534 I show you a party invitation. 0:12:16.534,0:12:18.698 You see what you want to see. 0:12:18.698,0:12:21.527 So what I'm saying is we need[br]to make an electronic version of that, 0:12:21.527,0:12:24.110 but with one tiny, tiny change, 0:12:24.110,0:12:26.224 which is that it'll only show you [br]the British passport 0:12:26.224,0:12:27.922 if I've actually got one. 0:12:27.922,0:12:29.141 It'll only show you the party invitation[br] 0:12:29.141,0:12:30.538 if I actually have one. 0:12:30.538,0:12:33.455 It will only show you that I'm over 18[br]if I actually am over 18. 0:12:33.455,0:12:35.886 But nothing else. 0:12:35.886,0:12:40.661 So you're the bouncer at the pub,[br]you need to know that I'm over 18, 0:12:40.661,0:12:42.277 instead of showing you my driving license, 0:12:42.277,0:12:44.526 which shows you I know how to drive, 0:12:44.526,0:12:46.982 what my name is, my address, [br]all these kind of things, 0:12:46.982,0:12:48.701 I show you my psychic paper, 0:12:48.701,0:12:51.867 and all it tells you is[br]am I over 18 or not. 0:12:51.867,0:12:53.303 Right. 0:12:53.303,0:12:54.641 Is that just a pipe dream? 0:12:54.641,0:12:56.334 Of course not, otherwise[br]I wouldn't be here talking to you. 0:12:56.334,0:12:59.418 So in order to build that[br]and make it work, 0:12:59.418,0:13:02.189 I'm only going to name these things,[br]I'll not go into them, 0:13:02.189,0:13:03.366 we need a plan, 0:13:03.366,0:13:04.615 which is we're going to build this 0:13:04.615,0:13:06.611 as an infrastructure[br]for everybody to use, 0:13:06.611,0:13:08.493 to solve all of these problems. 0:13:08.493,0:13:10.541 We're going to make a utility, 0:13:10.541,0:13:12.089 the utility has to be universal, 0:13:12.089,0:13:12.972 you can use it everywhere, 0:13:12.972,0:13:15.613 I'm just giving you little flashes[br]of the technology as we go along. 0:13:15.613,0:13:17.570 That's a Japanese ATM, 0:13:17.570,0:13:20.678 the fingerprint template[br]is stored inside the mobile phone. 0:13:20.678,0:13:21.665 So when you want to draw money out, 0:13:21.665,0:13:23.162 you put the mobile phone on the ATM, 0:13:23.162,0:13:24.427 and touch your finger, 0:13:24.427,0:13:26.327 your fingerprint goes through [br]to the phone, 0:13:26.327,0:13:27.947 the phone says yes, that's whoever, 0:13:27.947,0:13:30.394 and the ATM then gives you some money. 0:13:30.394,0:13:33.431 It has to be a utility[br]that you can use everywhere. 0:13:33.431,0:13:35.217 It has to be absolutely convenient, 0:13:35.217,0:13:38.384 that's me going into the pub. 0:13:38.384,0:13:41.177 All the device on the door [br]of the pub is allowed is, 0:13:41.177,0:13:44.850 is this person over 18 [br]and not barred from the pub? 0:13:44.850,0:13:48.180 And so the idea is, [br]you touch your ID card to the door, 0:13:48.180,0:13:50.139 and if I am allowed in,[br]it shows my picture, 0:13:50.139,0:13:51.600 if I'm not allowed in,[br]it shows a red cross. 0:13:51.600,0:13:53.215 It doesn't disclose any other information. 0:13:53.215,0:13:55.127 It has to have no special gadgets. 0:13:55.127,0:13:56.762 That can only mean one thing, 0:13:56.762,0:13:58.347 following on from Ross's statement, 0:13:58.347,0:13:59.931 which I agree with completely. 0:13:59.931,0:14:01.043 If it means no special gadgets, 0:14:01.043,0:14:02.417 it has to run on a mobile phone. 0:14:02.417,0:14:03.520 That's the only choice we have, 0:14:03.520,0:14:05.399 we have to make it work on mobile phones. 0:14:05.399,0:14:06.333 There are 6.6 billion 0:14:06.333,0:14:07.257 mobile phone subscriptions. 0:14:07.257,0:14:09.293 My favorite statistic of all time, 0:14:09.293,0:14:11.212 only 4 billion toothbrushes in the world. 0:14:11.212,0:14:12.329 That means something, 0:14:12.329,0:14:13.586 I don't know what. 0:14:13.586,0:14:13.964 (Laughter) 0:14:13.964,0:14:17.427 I rely on our futurologists to tell me. 0:14:17.427,0:14:19.137 It has to be a utility [br]which is extensible. 0:14:19.137,0:14:20.422 So it has to be something 0:14:20.422,0:14:22.012 that anybody could build on. 0:14:22.012,0:14:23.900 Anybody should be able [br]to use this infrastructure, 0:14:23.900,0:14:26.354 you don't need permissions,[br]licenses, whatever, 0:14:26.354,0:14:29.521 anyone should be able [br]to write some code to do this. 0:14:31.386,0:14:32.651 You know what symmetry is, 0:14:32.651,0:14:34.998 so you don't need a picture of it. 0:14:34.998,0:14:36.162 This is how we're going to do it. 0:14:36.162,0:14:37.196 We're going to do it using phones, 0:14:37.196,0:14:37.822 and we're going to do it [br] 0:14:37.822,0:14:38.978 using mobile proximity. 0:14:38.978,0:14:40.114 I'm going to suggest to you 0:14:40.114,0:14:41.450 the technology to implement 0:14:41.450,0:14:42.736 Doctor Who's psychic paper 0:14:42.736,0:14:44.283 is already here, and if any of you 0:14:44.283,0:14:46.859 have got one of the new[br]Barclay's debit cards 0:14:46.859,0:14:48.088 with the contactless interface on it, 0:14:48.088,0:14:49.378 you've already got that technology. 0:14:49.378,0:14:51.703 If you've ever been up to the big city,[br] 0:14:51.703,0:14:53.175 and used an Oyster card at all, 0:14:53.175,0:14:55.299 does that ring any bells to anybody? 0:14:55.299,0:14:56.045 The technology already exists. 0:14:56.045,0:14:57.435 The first phones 0:14:57.435,0:14:58.065 that have the technology built in, 0:14:58.065,0:15:00.364 the Google Nexus, the S2, 0:15:00.364,0:15:01.073 the Samsung Wifi 7.9, 0:15:01.073,0:15:02.565 the first phones that have 0:15:02.565,0:15:03.657 the technology built into them 0:15:03.657,0:15:04.491 are already in the shops. 0:15:04.491,0:15:06.203 So the idea that the gas man 0:15:06.203,0:15:08.395 can turn up at my mom's door 0:15:08.395,0:15:10.597 and he can show my mom his phone, 0:15:10.597,0:15:11.932 and she can tap it with her phone, 0:15:11.932,0:15:14.239 and it will come up with green[br]if he really is from British Gas 0:15:14.239,0:15:15.451 and allowed in, 0:15:15.451,0:15:17.121 and it'll come up with red if he isn't, 0:15:17.121,0:15:17.731 end of story. 0:15:17.731,0:15:19.581 We have the technology to do that. 0:15:19.581,0:15:20.816 And what's more, 0:15:20.816,0:15:22.961 although some of those things [br]sounded a bit counter-intuitive, 0:15:22.961,0:15:25.749 like proving I'm over 18 [br]without proving who I am, 0:15:25.749,0:15:27.974 the cryptography to do that [br]not only exists, 0:15:27.974,0:15:30.203 it's extremely well-known [br]and well-understood. 0:15:30.203,0:15:32.858 Digital signatures, the blinding[br]of public key certificates, 0:15:32.858,0:15:34.602 these technologies have been around[br]for a while, 0:15:34.602,0:15:36.461 we've just had no way [br]of packaging them up. 0:15:36.461,0:15:39.391 So the technology already exists. 0:15:39.391,0:15:43.079 We know it works, 0:15:43.079,0:15:44.827 There are a few examples[br]of the technology being used 0:15:44.827,0:15:46.497 in experimental places. 0:15:46.497,0:15:47.825 That's London Fashion Week, 0:15:47.825,0:15:49.699 where we built a system with O2, 0:15:49.699,0:15:52.466 that's for the Wireless Festival[br]in Hyde Park, 0:15:52.466,0:15:53.589 you can see the persons 0:15:53.589,0:15:55.350 walking in with their VIP band, 0:15:55.350,0:15:55.834 it's just being checked 0:15:55.834,0:15:56.934 by the Nokia phone [br]that's reading the band. 0:15:56.934,0:15:58.632 I'm only putting those up to show you 0:15:58.632,0:15:59.861 these things are prosaic, 0:15:59.861,0:16:01.590 this stuff works in these environments. 0:16:01.590,0:16:02.961 They don't need to be special. 0:16:02.961,0:16:09.009 So finally, I know that you can do this, 0:16:09.999,0:16:12.903 Because if you saw [br]the episode of Doctor Who, 0:16:12.903,0:16:14.803 the Easter special of Doctor Who, 0:16:14.803,0:16:18.179 where he went to Mars in a bus, 0:16:18.179,0:16:19.741 I should say again[br]for our foreign students, 0:16:19.741,0:16:21.414 that doesn't happen every episode. 0:16:21.414,0:16:22.885 This was a very special case. 0:16:22.885,0:16:26.126 So in the episode where [br]he goes to Mars in a London bus, 0:16:26.126,0:16:27.799 I can't show you the clip, 0:16:27.799,0:16:30.578 due to the outrageous restrictions[br]of Queen Anne-style copyright 0:16:30.578,0:16:32.716 by the BBC, 0:16:32.716,0:16:35.333 but in the episode [br]where he goes to Mars in a London bus, 0:16:35.333,0:16:39.589 Doctor Who is clearly shown[br]getting on to the bus 0:16:39.589,0:16:40.889 with the Oyster card reader 0:16:40.889,0:16:42.457 using his psychic paper. 0:16:42.457,0:16:44.549 Which proves that psychic paper 0:16:44.549,0:16:46.264 has an MSE interface. 0:16:46.264,0:16:48.274 Thank you very much.