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EasterHegg 18 preroll music
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Benjamin: Yeah, my name is Benjamin Wand[br]and I wanted to talk about organ building.
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Why do I do that? First of all I like[br]musical instruments in general, and
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then I noticed that it is[br]actually a cool nerd topic
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because it connects two things that,[br]or it has two things that
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always are present with nerd-things, [br]first of all making things available,
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that is, musical instrument making still[br]gets passed on from master
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to disciple and it is not so [br]greatly publicly documented and is
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just cool to reverse-engineer things.[br]And the other thing is that with
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nerd-things one always likes to [br]absurdly optimize, and that is in any case
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given as well for musical instrument[br]making, they are very, they work
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very precisely and have very exact ideas[br]about what they do
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so to speak musical instrument making[br]is all in all a perfect
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nerd-topic. Yes, everyone has seen [br]an organ, they look like that, and what
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you see here only the facade, [br]there are many more
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organ pipes inside, one takes[br]just a bunch that one finds pretty and
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attaches them in the front, such an [br]interior designer person does that. And
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behind that, that thing is called positive[br]when there are organ pipes in the middle
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of the gallery, behind that is the [br]console, that is so to speak the
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user interface. But I thought I'd first[br]say some general things, well
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laughter[br]somewhere data has to get in, one
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pushes buttons and stuff and then[br]somewhere comes air. A big church organ
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runs at something like 0.1 bar but it is a[br]lot of volume, that is why there are those
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bellows. Organ builders indeed still put[br]stones on their bellows for the weight
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nowadays. Somehow data has to get from [br]A to B, therefore many organ builders have
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thought out many things, mostly they have[br]to do with mechanical transmission
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or with pneumatic transmission and of[br]course nowadays also electronic.
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And then we have organized air, that is[br]what actually happens with
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wind instruments, it goes to the pipes [br]and tones come out. Like I said, there are
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very many kinds of organ pipes,[br]they all sound a bit differently.
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Those are common models[br]that someone has kindly
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drawn for the Wikipedia, and then it is[br]like that that of every kind of pipe
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which is present there is one keyboard[br]full of pipes available,
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very small to very big, and they are called [br]something with foot and that is the
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length of the lowest tone, when for instance[br]a row of organ pipes is called '8 foot'
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that means that the longest pipe is [br]eight foot long, 2.40 meters
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This one could call the cockpit of a[br]romantic organ. Organs were, ...
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there is a big period in the[br]Baroque Music and a big period in the
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Romantic Music. There are the keyboards,[br]at organs they are called
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manual and then down there there is a [br]foot-keyboard, called pedal, then it has
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stuff to set dynamics here, down there [br]are things to operate by foot,
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a lever can be operated like that[br]there are also some to roll
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there are here on the side, and there are[br]displays for the status
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And then there are all those [br]toggle switches, they are the
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stop tabs, they make whether [br]a row of organ pipes is on
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one can imagine it like that, given[br]you have these kinds of pipes, they
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stick to a keyboard, there is always [br]a set of organ pipes per keyboard
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this is only one octave but virtually [br]in every box would be a pipe
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of every kind one, of every size one,[br]four and a half octaves for
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one keyboard and two and a half for the[br]pedal. And they stand in a
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toe board, it is not necessarily [br]rectangular but they mill-cut around the
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corner if that fits better[br]and when one chooses pipes
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now those both rows, so to say[br]they are on, and then pushes
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one tone, the yellow sketched in pipes[br]receive air and it toots.
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Yes? That is how it works. Ok, and what[br]now? Like I said I like musical instruments
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and last summer I had an internship at an[br]organ maker and
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unfortunately I found it terrible, but for[br]me the result was that I wanted to try to
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build an organ with real dynamics like[br]on a piano. Now I'm
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one too far but that doesn't matter. [br]Like that, that is a recording that I
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... electronically ... doesn't sound well,[br]but just that you see
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what I mean by dynamics, because there[br]aren't always only musicians.
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It still has to work.[br]electic piano
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That is so to say 'piano',[br]if you push hard
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loud and soft tones come.[br]electric piano
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If you do that with an organ it doesn't [br]work, no matter how hard you push, ok?
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Hammond organ
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Not hard to see.[br]Hammond organ
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That is an old thing, trying to teach[br]dynamics to keyboard instruments,
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the piano emerged that way, regarding [br]the harpsichord people complained
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that it sounds like 8-bit music and people[br]wanted more resolution.
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laughter[br]Exactly. And for the organ it still
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doesn't really work. There are several[br]reasons for that. First of all,
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keyboard instrument in general have [br]a focus on music theory. If you
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imagine a band, the dude at the keyboard[br]is the nerd. Not always but that's a thing.
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And that a tone on a keyboard instrument,[br]that it is one state,
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a digital state, buys polyphony.[br]One can play many tones at once
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and do complex things on the piano[br]and that is possible
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because one tone is always one thing,[br]otherwise it would be crazy. There are
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those seaboards where you can slide the[br]finger, but I haven't seen
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decent music for it, at least no [br]polyphonic one. That is the classic
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that keyboard instruments are connected[br]with music theory and polyphony
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Then this is the case with organs:[br]they are expensive and very
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conservative people pay for it, [br]churches and alike, they don't like
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experiments. And if an inventor[br]builds something, he builds a prototype
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with three tones, and then a musician makes[br]sung: doo doo doo doo doo doo
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'What is this? [br]I can not do anything with it'
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And then, there are two types of organ [br]pipes that were on the picture,
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labial pipes and lingual pipes, and those[br]are labial pipes. They look like
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a recorder and work like it,[br]and are limited in their ability to
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perform dynamics because[br]the pitch changes, like that
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labial pipe Do you hear that? [br]It goes a bit higher and lower
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and that makes many things in music
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complicated. Not impossible but it is[br]a disadvantage
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Like shown in the picture of the cockpit,[br]there were attempts to get
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dynamics on the organ. The first one was [br]the swell box, there is a set
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of organ pipes in a box[br]and it has doors in he front that
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can be closed and opened and[br]depending how open they are
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the louder or softer it is. And then,[br]in the Romantic Organ one invented
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a thing called crescendo pedal, [br]there you can't only switch on
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and off organ stops with a toggle switch
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but thee are presets where you can[br]choose loudness and it works
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on its own, switches stops on and off
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depending how 'loud' you make it. But[br]then it still doesn't influence how
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much you push on each key, right? The[br]volume adjustment ist always for
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the entire keyboard. [br]And then in Romantic Music some organs
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had the feature that when[br]you depress a button only half way
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the pipe only gets half air.[br]Thats nice, and you saw with the pipe
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it is a bit complicated but possible.
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This technology had the problem that
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when you depressed a key[br]you always had to lift each valve
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that belonged to all the used pipes,[br]meaning that if you used
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many stops you had to push very hard[br]with your fingers, that's why
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it was hard for musicians.[br]And now one can
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replicate that with electronics,[br]one measures
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how deeply the key is depressed, [br]with a hall sensor, and then one moves
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the valve on the other side, [br]like the input was.
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There is this yummy talk, they explain it [br]thoroughly how this company Heuss does it,
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that is one of their employees, [br]they programmed it.
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The problem though is, and that is why[br]I don't consider it a solution:
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one can't play with half depressed keys.[br]Imagine writing code and some shortcuts
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are on half depressed keys.
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laughter
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Nice thing, I call it 'expressive play',
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it is still not dynamics but [br]expressive play.
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Not bad, actually quite cool, [br]but still not dynamics.
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What have I done until now?
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First of all I looked into this problem[br]that pipes have this property
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to change the pitch with the air pressure.[br]Or rather
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I didn't do it but 25 years ago someone [br]invented a new type or organ pipe.
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I have to go to FreeCAD.[br]This is a reed of a harmonica
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or any other free reed instrument,[br]
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the thin sheet is fixed on the [br]thick sheet with a rivet, and if you
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blow on it from above a tone comes,[br]approximately like that.
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harmonica-tone[br]And the interesting thing he invented,
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his name was Ernst Zacharias,
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is that if you put such a thing[br]the wrong way around
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into a tube, it shouldn't work but it does.
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And that is a not so good pipe
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but I made one myself.[br]Like I said, it has the lovely property
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that you can change the volume a bit
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without changing the pitch.[br]Zacharias-pipe
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Though one can see in the spectrogram[br]that the partials change a bit.
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Zacharias-pipe
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When one blows more there are more [br]overtones, it isn't entirely
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free of side effects but that is [br]quite cool.
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Then, I 3d-printed many organ pipes [br]and brought some.
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Those, there is a list how to do it,
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how to do the proportions[br]if you have different sizes of organ pipes.
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I've made a standard set[br]with different diameters of tube.
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The reason for the tubes is: organ pipes
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are large, they don't fit into the 3d [br]printer, I didn't want to do wood working,
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led isn't that good in the kitchen.[br]laughter
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Organ metal is a great material [br]but not so accessible for private people.
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Those are pipes that should belong [br]together, that are made according to
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standard measurements.
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labial pipe[br]Maybe we should go back to
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the spectrogram, that is interesting [br]as well. And the meaning of the matter
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is supposed to be that the overtone-stuff[br]looks somewhat similar.
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labial pipe
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I'd say that is alright, for other pipes[br]it looks very differently,
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that is a flute.[br]labial pipe
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See it, right?[br]inaudible question from the audience
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Yes, maybe I should talk a bit about this.[br]
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The lowest tone is the one you hear,[br]for example that one, and then it is the
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case that in a resonator not only the [br]basic frequency vibrates
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but also multiples of it, and depending[br]what shape the pipe has, like
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how big this hole is in relation to [br]the length and diameter
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these proportions influence the sound
0:15:11.480,0:15:15.520
and that is how there are different kinds [br]of organ pipes.
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inaudible question from the audience[br]'How many partials do I want'
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was the question, [br]I should repeat the questions. That is ...
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I'd love to have such recordings from [br]normal organ pipes but I don't have them.
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inaudible question from the audience[br]Printing those things once
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in different sizes was the goal here, [br]to see whether if the
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proportions are similar, do they sound [br]similar enough to be called one organ stop.
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What one can see with them is that they [br]
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sound funny in the beginning,
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always when I start to blow, [br]instantly really, I get the tone you saw.
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labial pipe
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But when I blow little you see [br]a funny effect.
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labial pipe Great (not).[br]But here in the beginning one could see it.
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labial pipe[br]Before it had a little swerve.
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That means, I wouldn't print a whole set[br]of them, as they are now, for
0:16:33.730,0:16:40.500
an organ with dynamics, [br]that would be rubbish.
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I'll talk about the file now.[br]These FreeCAD files can be found on GitHub,
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and when one look at one, [br]one first has to go to the spreadsheet,
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put in values for the thickness of the [br]tube, outside and inside, how wide
0:17:02.089,0:17:09.440
and high do I want that opening.[br]And the block chamfer, honestly
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I don't know what it is good for[br]but it exists in recorders,
0:17:14.290,0:17:21.280
it is this edge here, one can switch it [br]on and off in the FreeCAD file.
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And this is such an organ pipe.[br]I've always slices them at a 45° angle,
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like that, with the goal to not have[br]
0:17:38.380,0:17:43.049
to remove support structure from inside,[br]one always tries to get the labium smooth,
0:17:43.049,0:17:46.780
and also this tube where you blow through
0:17:46.780,0:17:52.360
if you have support structure inside[br]it is not so nice to get out.
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So, I always printed them on 45°,
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and then I had the idea[br]to rotate the interesting part 45°
0:18:05.309,0:18:10.160
and designed those. [br]I've tried printing but it didn't work.
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There is a 3d printer in the hackcenter[br]but it is clogged.
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I'm very curious how it'll sound, whether [br]this is useful.
0:18:19.080,0:18:23.650
I've also made other experimental things [br]like traverse flutes
0:18:23.650,0:18:28.450
and funny things where you can stick [br]a tube in on both sides.
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One can design the wildest things in 3d.
0:18:35.730,0:18:52.250
inaudible question from the audience[br]I do't understand the question.
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Wait, there is a microphone for you.[br]Audience: The result is,
0:18:56.510,0:19:00.780
if it sounds at all it should sound with [br]a wide spectrum, with a washed-out tone,
0:19:00.780,0:19:05.770
right?[br]Benjamin: I'm curious.
0:19:05.770,0:19:08.340
I've made fun things, [br]for instance files with
0:19:08.340,0:19:14.780
a curved labium. I'm interested in this[br]because it limits the effect
0:19:14.780,0:19:19.890
that the pitch changes, it is less in those.
0:19:19.890,0:19:26.140
labial pipe[br]It is there but very small, much less
0:19:26.140,0:19:30.909
then with those. I don't know why.[br]And curved labium is also new, I haven't
0:19:30.909,0:19:33.740
seen musical instruments with that feature,
0:19:33.740,0:19:38.179
because if you build from wood it would [br]be complicated but with 3d printing -
0:19:38.179,0:19:42.669
no problem. laughter
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I'm curious how it sounds, [br]I have no idea, none at all.
0:19:49.130,0:19:54.659
But if it would work that would be cool.
0:19:54.659,0:19:58.470
inaudible question from the audience[br]Yes, when I'm home I can do this
0:19:58.470,0:20:04.480
but if someone could print it now that[br]would be cool, sure, then we can try
0:20:04.480,0:20:08.730
it here at EasterHegg.
0:20:08.730,0:20:12.669
Another thing I've changed is the thing[br]is the thing at the bottom, for the case
0:20:12.669,0:20:17.340
to stick a tube inside because I thought[br]a good next step would be
0:20:17.340,0:20:20.900
a small instrument with pneumatic action
0:20:20.900,0:20:27.880
and no or almost no electronics
0:20:27.880,0:20:30.490
in order to test pipes on a keybord
0:20:30.490,0:20:34.500
because so far I can only blow inside,[br]
0:20:34.500,0:20:46.350
would be cooler to play on a keyboard.[br]That is an image of a pipe I've played
0:20:46.350,0:20:51.740
so that you can imagine it better.
0:20:51.740,0:20:55.350
So far I've just fixed it with tape.
0:20:55.350,0:20:58.850
That is another folder, also on GitHub,
0:20:58.850,0:21:03.100
it has those inverted free reed pipes.
0:21:03.100,0:21:07.720
A thing that I find particularly [br]interesting with those pipes is
0:21:07.720,0:21:13.070
playing Shepherd tones. Like that, [br]imagine that the red tones are 'f's,
0:21:13.070,0:21:16.110
one would play 'f's of all octaves at once,
0:21:16.110,0:21:24.429
in the middle louder than outside.[br]That is a popular toy in film music,
0:21:24.429,0:21:29.940
one can do fun psychoacoustic tricks [br]with it and this would be the first time
0:21:29.940,0:21:35.200
to play Shepherd tones [br]on an acoustic instrument.
0:21:35.200,0:21:42.900
It would be either possible to build[br]a stop of Shepherd tones,
0:21:42.900,0:21:46.840
which would be plausible as well because[br]one needs eight octaves, which is
0:21:46.840,0:21:54.360
more than a normal organ has, or one[br]does it with proportional air supply,
0:21:54.360,0:22:00.080
that the pipes that play the Shepherd [br]tones can be used as normal tones.
0:22:00.080,0:22:10.470
Thoughts about keyboard expression.
0:22:10.470,0:22:13.500
I had mentioned before that there are those[br]Romantic organs that measure what
0:22:13.500,0:22:18.169
gets replicated as electronic, how deeply [br]the key is depressed. That isn't the
0:22:18.169,0:22:22.900
only possibility how to do that.[br]If one builds an electric piano,
0:22:22.900,0:22:26.890
the speed, in which the keys get
0:22:26.890,0:22:32.690
depressed, gets measured, that is
0:22:32.690,0:22:36.830
another input, and a third way is the [br]pressure on the key, that is when one buys
0:22:36.830,0:22:40.990
a keyboard with polyphonic aftertouch,[br]it measured the pressure
0:22:40.990,0:22:46.090
on the depressed keys. And in the long [br]run I'd prefer that, becauee
0:22:46.090,0:22:51.940
then one can change the volume of an[br]already pressed key, other than when
0:22:51.940,0:22:57.331
measuring the speed. On the other hand
0:22:57.331,0:23:02.590
you don't have the problem of not being [br]able to play with half depressed keys.
0:23:02.590,0:23:06.950
How ever, it will be a new instrument and[br]I'm assuming that it'll take a pianist
0:23:06.950,0:23:09.950
two or three months to get used to it, to
0:23:09.950,0:23:16.240
this new way, that the pressure gets [br]measured. Most pianists can't play
0:23:16.240,0:23:19.650
on the clavichord. At the clavichord the[br]pressure gets measured and
0:23:19.650,0:23:22.970
influences the pitch. Usually it sounds [br]terrible at first but
0:23:22.970,0:23:26.029
some pianists can already do it, [br]one can learn it.
0:23:26.029,0:23:32.220
How ever. There is one thing I need[br]and not having it keeps me from
0:23:32.220,0:23:38.330
progressing with the project, and I'm [br]hoping for a miracle in the form of
0:23:38.330,0:23:44.720
a person, and the problem is the actuator.[br]An organ with electric direct action
0:23:44.720,0:23:47.891
would use an actuator that looks like this
0:23:47.891,0:23:52.179
there are two magnets and this thing here
0:23:52.179,0:23:58.500
can be moved up and down, proportionally[br]how deeply the key is depressed.
0:23:58.500,0:24:04.429
The problem is that this is fairly [br]expensive and I'd like to have one for
0:24:04.429,0:24:10.380
each pipe, I'd like to get rid of the [br]matrix, also for example
0:24:10.380,0:24:13.890
for performing Shepherd tones.
0:24:13.890,0:24:23.029
If each pipe gets their own actuator, [br]that is a point where I can't continue
0:24:23.029,0:24:26.370
at the moment, why I would build
0:24:26.370,0:24:30.270
a small thing with pneumatic action[br]because that is easier.
0:24:30.270,0:24:35.340
If someone had an idea about[br]fluid dynamics, that would be cool
0:24:35.340,0:24:37.960
to figure out why the pipes with
0:24:37.960,0:24:42.520
the curved labium change the pitch [br]less than the others.
0:24:42.520,0:24:48.320
That would be cool.[br]And i've told the thing with the
0:24:48.320,0:24:54.550
actuator to many people, and then they [br]reply 'use a servo'. But that won't work
0:24:54.550,0:25:01.850
because they are either too slow[br]or too noisy. You've probably seen
0:25:01.850,0:25:05.320
on YouTube someone play the [br]Super Mario theme on
0:25:05.320,0:25:09.549
stepper motors. They are really noisy![br]Or they are expensive.
0:25:09.549,0:25:13.980
Less noisy servos exist but somewhere [br]in this triangle it is not getting better.
0:25:13.980,0:25:18.470
Pneumatics, same problem, also[br]expensive.
0:25:18.470,0:25:28.830
inaudible question from the audience[br]Question: what does the actuator do?
0:25:28.830,0:25:34.169
The actuator does that a thing can move[br]between two points, and also in-between.
0:25:34.169,0:25:39.030
And I'd say that the illusion of it being
0:25:39.030,0:25:41.350
continuous would be at at least 20 steps.
0:25:41.350,0:25:48.080
inaudible question from the audience[br]Exactly, I need a proportional valve.
0:25:48.080,0:25:57.669
Like I said, at the moment I'm planning
0:25:57.669,0:26:01.830
to build a small instrument with pneumatic[br]action in order to continue working
0:26:01.830,0:26:06.919
on my pipes. The whole stuff in on GitHub[br]if you're curious, and I'm looking
0:26:06.919,0:26:13.559
to hear from other builders of[br]musical instruments.
0:26:13.559,0:26:16.960
Are there more questions? There is a[br]microphone, than the questions will
0:26:16.960,0:26:24.549
be on the stream, that would be cool.[br]There is one.
0:26:24.549,0:26:39.169
Audience: Hi, I'm Max and I play organ.[br]Hello Martin. And I work at a university
0:26:39.169,0:26:42.580
that has measurement technology,[br]and we do a course,
0:26:42.580,0:26:46.039
so far I'm officially responsible,[br]for the Cultural Studies, what
0:26:46.039,0:26:51.110
was it called? Digital Sound-synthesis.[br]There we have some measuring devices and
0:26:51.110,0:26:53.340
the university does have an organ.[br]You've said
0:26:53.340,0:26:58.410
you'd like to do acoustic measurements [br]of some stops,
0:26:58.410,0:27:00.710
Possibly you can be helped.
0:27:00.710,0:27:05.160
Benjamin: Oh yes, that sounds great, we[br]should do it. The files
0:27:05.160,0:27:09.159
are called '0 - something', and[br]that is very undetermined,
0:27:09.159,0:27:13.260
I thought I'd go '1' once I've figured out[br]how I want to do it with the toe board.
0:27:13.260,0:27:24.169
So to speak what is there on the right,
0:27:24.169,0:27:27.440
organ pipes have certain diameters[br]that have to fit, one can exchange
0:27:27.440,0:27:30.970
the pipes, and I haven#t figured out[br]how I'd do it because I always used to
0:27:30.970,0:27:34.950
blow in with the mouth and I thought[br]I'll call it '1-something' after deciding
0:27:34.950,0:27:38.730
how the lower side should look like,
0:27:38.730,0:27:46.330
the interface to the outside. Yes, [br]I'd have to do that in order to
0:27:46.330,0:27:51.000
put the 3d printed pipes into a toe board,[br]right? You don't know either.
0:27:51.000,0:27:53.910
inaudible question from the audience
0:27:53.910,0:28:00.049
That would be cool, because it is badly[br]documented until now, I rarely
0:28:00.049,0:28:06.159
find spectrograms like this.
0:28:06.159,0:28:13.130
inaudible question from the audience[br]Yes, we'll talk afterwards, looking forwards.
0:28:13.130,0:28:19.950
There, another question.[br]Audience: In Stuttgart at ...
0:28:19.950,0:28:23.019
Benjamin: ... Fraunhofer ...[br]Audience: ... am Fraunhofer Institut,
0:28:23.019,0:28:26.429
okay, you know them.[br]Benjamin: I've tried to contact them
0:28:26.429,0:28:28.490
but nothing happened.
0:28:28.490,0:28:31.211
Audience: Ok, that is unfortunate because[br]coincidentally
0:28:31.211,0:28:37.520
I know that they have a tool for [br]parametric design of organ pipes, where
0:28:37.520,0:28:41.789
one can choose partials and they also do
0:28:41.789,0:28:47.010
fluid dynamics and stuff.
0:28:47.010,0:28:51.529
But I don't know either how happily[br]they give it to people but they
0:28:51.529,0:28:55.120
certainly have cool things.[br]Benjamin: Ja, that was what I found as
0:28:55.120,0:29:00.540
well, but like I said, they didn't want[br]to talk to me. Good, there is
0:29:00.540,0:29:05.899
another question next to you.[br]Audience: I can make contact,
0:29:05.899,0:29:10.820
my cousin is professional organ builder,
0:29:10.820,0:29:16.059
who usually does restoration and new[br]construction of classical pipe organs,
0:29:16.059,0:29:19.200
but I could imagine to make contact and[br]one could visit his workshop
0:29:19.200,0:29:22.230
that should be easy.
0:29:22.230,0:29:24.930
Benjamin: Where is it?
0:29:24.930,0:29:27.930
Audience: Siegen.[br]Benjamin: Mh, like I said, I did an
0:29:27.930,0:29:30.240
internship at an organ workshop, that[br]wasn't delightful.
0:29:30.240,0:29:32.920
Audience: That wasn't my cousin.
0:29:32.920,0:29:34.920
Benjamin: Yeah ...[br]laughter
0:29:34.920,0:29:38.880
Benjamin: But sure, I don't think that my[br]3d printed organ pipes are that supreme,
0:29:38.880,0:29:45.100
right? Rather it is a toy for prototyping[br]
0:29:45.100,0:29:49.080
and trying things out, like
0:29:49.080,0:29:53.470
curved labium, that would be a lot more[br]effort with wood, and metal would
0:29:53.470,0:29:57.290
but someone would have to pay for it.
0:29:57.290,0:30:06.679
I don't know what exactly metal pipes [br]cost but more than this.
0:30:06.679,0:30:13.059
Audience: At a restauration sometimes
0:30:13.059,0:30:17.590
some pipes are left over.
0:30:17.590,0:30:22.700
Benjamin: Yes, cool, thanks.
0:30:22.700,0:30:33.360
Are there more questions? You can also[br]try all of them, for instance this
0:30:33.360,0:30:38.460
where one sticks it in the middle, oh,[br]ask your question.
0:30:38.460,0:30:40.549
Audience: What do you want to determine
0:30:40.549,0:30:45.391
with your proportional valve, [br]the pressure or the volume of air?
0:30:45.391,0:30:54.779
Benjamin: The volume. The pressure is even[br]per stop, different stops can have
0:30:54.779,0:30:58.670
different pressure but the pressure
0:30:58.670,0:31:06.549
is even within one stop, and then the
0:31:06.549,0:31:15.200
actuator moves right-left back and forth,
0:31:15.200,0:31:20.559
to move the valve.
0:31:20.559,0:31:26.870
inaudible question from the audience
0:31:26.870,0:31:32.179
That is really a bit odd.
0:31:32.179,0:31:36.389
This looks like a recorder, right?
0:31:36.389,0:31:40.670
And in a recorder, German: Blockflöte,[br]there is the block inside. But here
0:31:40.670,0:31:50.909
nothing alike is inside. I found it funny [br]that that works and thought apparently
0:31:50.909,0:31:55.419
the labium doesn't need to be at the [br]end of the pipe, it isn't
0:31:55.419,0:31:59.700
necessary, and then I made one ...[br]or several ... where one can plug in a
0:31:59.700,0:32:02.620
tube on both ends. But I can't make sense
0:32:02.620,0:32:11.799
of the pitch that comes out.[br]labial pipe, several pitches
0:32:11.799,0:32:23.809
laughter Interesting, but [br]I don't have an explanation.
0:32:23.809,0:32:38.230
What? Ok.[br]labial pipe, several pitches
0:32:38.230,0:32:48.250
inaudible question from the audience[br]Yes, that is plausible but why so high,
0:32:48.250,0:32:59.909
the length if the pipe doesn't [br]match the pitch.
0:32:59.909,0:33:06.649
Yeah.[br]inaudible question from the audience
0:33:06.649,0:33:19.350
What do I do when I cover what?[br]Oh yes, let's try.
0:33:19.350,0:33:28.159
labial pipe, changing pitch[br]laughter
0:33:28.159,0:33:33.169
music[br]There are several ways to tune
0:33:33.169,0:33:37.070
organ pipes, this is one of them. There is[br]a piece of sheet metal attached on top
0:33:37.070,0:33:45.419
and you can bend it onto and away from the[br]pipe. I've also tried 3d printing items
0:33:45.419,0:33:51.039
for tuning organ pipes but that was [br]all rubbish, the only thing that worked
0:33:51.039,0:33:55.260
was t stick another tube onto it, or a lid
0:33:55.260,0:33:59.350
in case of a stopped pipe, and to [br]move it up and down, things with
0:33:59.350,0:34:04.399
folding din't work in 3d printing.
0:34:04.399,0:34:12.159
Weird. There, a question in the back.[br]inaudible question from the audience
0:34:12.159,0:34:16.530
Audience: Oh, once again with mike.[br]If you do the finger on it, you're
0:34:16.530,0:34:19.210
making a half stopped pipe, which means[br]the tube gets longer.
0:34:19.210,0:34:21.210
Benjamin: Yes.[br]Audience: It makes sense that
0:34:21.210,0:34:26.860
is gets lower.[br]Benjamin: What exactly make sense, that?
0:34:26.860,0:34:30.199
No. That?[br]labial pipe, different pitch
0:34:30.199,0:34:40.770
But why is it a fifth? For a stopped pipe[br]it should be an octave.
0:34:40.770,0:34:42.780
laughter
0:34:42.780,0:34:45.550
Audience: They have different length.
0:34:45.550,0:34:53.219
Benjamin: Yes, should we, do I have two[br]of identical length? Yes, If I take this
0:34:53.219,0:35:06.860
and add that. So, same length now, ok?
0:35:06.860,0:35:16.580
labial pipe, different pitch[br]It wants to overblow, that doesn't fit.
0:35:16.580,0:35:23.730
I don't gat the basic frequency.[br]labial pipe, different pitch
0:35:23.730,0:35:31.580
That tends to happen when a tube is[br]too thin relative to the length. If one
0:35:31.580,0:35:37.100
wants to have a sound with lots of [br]partials, one makes a thinner pipe but
0:35:37.100,0:35:44.120
when one overdoes it one doesn't get [br]the basic frequency anymore.
0:35:44.120,0:35:54.420
inaudible question from the audience[br]Yes, brass instruments.
0:35:54.420,0:36:00.590
laughter[br]inaudible question from the audience
0:36:00.590,0:36:06.770
Exactly.[br]inaudible question from the audience
0:36:06.770,0:36:16.800
laughter[br]Ok, then not, don't know. There is a limit
0:36:16.800,0:36:21.300
to how much I can recommend blowing [br]into them because I was very sick last week.
0:36:21.300,0:36:26.310
laughter[br]But apart from that you are invited to
0:36:26.310,0:36:30.110
try them all. They all look a bit [br]differently. I've also made
0:36:30.110,0:36:35.050
traverse flutes.
0:36:35.050,0:36:41.640
traverse flute[br]I just wanted to try it.
0:36:41.640,0:36:47.650
Makes a tone.[br]Cool, thanks.
0:36:47.650,0:36:54.750
applause
0:36:55.929,0:37:00.067
postroll music
0:37:00.067,0:37:07.000
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