[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.83,0:00:03.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'd like you to imagine for a moment
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.49,0:00:05.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you're a soldier\Nin the heat of battle.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.73,0:00:10.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe you're a Roman foot soldier\Nor a medieval archer
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.28,0:00:12.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or maybe you're a Zulu warrior.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.19,0:00:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Regardless of your time and place,\Nthere are some things that are constant.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.47,0:00:18.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your adrenaline is elevated,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.38,0:00:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and your actions are stemming\Nfrom these deeply ingrained reflexes,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.22,0:00:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reflexes rooted in a need\Nto protect yourself and your side
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.60,0:00:29.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to defeat the enemy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.83,0:00:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now, I'd like you to imagine\Nplaying a very different role,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.39,0:00:35.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that of the scout.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.01,0:00:39.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The scout's job is not\Nto attack or defend.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.42,0:00:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The scout's job is to understand.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.23,0:00:44.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The scout is the one going out,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.32,0:00:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mapping the terrain,\Nidentifying potential obstacles.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.40,0:00:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the scout may hope to learn\Nthat, say, there's a bridge
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.00,0:00:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a convenient location across a river.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.36,0:00:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But above all, the scout\Nwants to know what's really there,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.43,0:00:59.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as accurately as possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.20,0:01:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in a real, actual army, both\Nthe soldier and the scout are essential.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.26,0:01:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you can also think of each\Nof these roles as a mindset --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.60,0:01:14.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a metaphor for how all of us\Nprocess information and ideas
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.25,0:01:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our daily lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.19,0:01:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I'm going to argue today\Nis that having good judgment,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.05,0:01:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making accurate predictions,\Nmaking good decisions,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.28,0:01:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is mostly about which mindset you're in.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.99,0:01:29.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To illustrate these mindsets in action,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.61,0:01:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to take you back\Nto 19th-century France,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.12,0:01:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where this innocuous-looking\Npiece of paper
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.13,0:01:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,launched one of the biggest\Npolitical scandals in history.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.72,0:01:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was discovered in 1894\Nby officers in the French general staff.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.62,0:01:47.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was torn up in a wastepaper basket,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.33,0:01:49.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when they pieced it back together,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.28,0:01:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they discovered\Nthat someone in their ranks
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.34,0:01:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had been selling\Nmilitary secrets to Germany.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.46,0:01:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they launched a big investigation,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.84,0:02:00.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their suspicions\Nquickly converged on this man,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.73,0:02:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Alfred] Dreyfus.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.87,0:02:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had a sterling record,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.21,0:02:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no past history of wrongdoing,\Nno motive as far as they could tell.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.34,0:02:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Dreyfus was the only\NJewish officer at that rank in the army,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.48,0:02:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and unfortunately at this time,\Nthe French Army was highly anti-Semitic.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.68,0:02:20.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They compared Dreyfus's handwriting\Nto that on the memo
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.93,0:02:22.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and concluded that it was a match,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.89,0:02:25.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though outside\Nprofessional handwriting experts
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.96,0:02:28.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were much less confident\Nin the similarity,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.13,0:02:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but never mind that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.54,0:02:31.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They went and searched\NDreyfus's apartment,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.61,0:02:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking for any signs of espionage.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.39,0:02:36.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They went through his files,\Nand they didn't find anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.37,0:02:39.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This just convinced them more\Nthat Dreyfus was not only guilty,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.53,0:02:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but sneaky as well, because clearly\Nhe had hidden all of the evidence
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.85,0:02:44.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before they had managed to get to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.21,0:02:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next, they went and looked\Nthrough his personal history
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.93,0:02:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for any incriminating details.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.25,0:02:51.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They talked to his teachers,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.88,0:02:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they found that he had studied\Nforeign languages in school,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.69,0:02:58.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which clearly showed a desire\Nto conspire with foreign governments
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.76,0:02:59.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,later in life.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.97,0:03:05.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His teachers also said that Dreyfus\Nwas known for having a good memory,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.01,0:03:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was highly suspicious, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.14,0:03:11.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, because a spy\Nhas to remember a lot of things.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.44,0:03:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the case went to trial,\Nand Dreyfus was found guilty.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.82,0:03:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Afterwards, they took him out\Ninto this public square
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.16,0:03:23.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ritualistically tore\Nhis insignia from his uniform
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.91,0:03:25.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and broke his sword in two.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.84,0:03:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was called\Nthe Degradation of Dreyfus.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.86,0:03:31.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they sentenced him\Nto life imprisonment
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.40,0:03:34.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the aptly named Devil's Island,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.16,0:03:36.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is this barren rock\Noff the coast of South America.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.56,0:03:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there he went,\Nand there he spent his days alone,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.33,0:03:43.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,writing letters and letters\Nto the French government
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.86,0:03:47.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,begging them to reopen his case\Nso they could discover his innocence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.63,0:03:50.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But for the most part,\NFrance considered the matter closed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.30,0:03:55.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One thing that's really interesting\Nto me about the Dreyfus Affair
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.62,0:03:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is this question of why the officers\Nwere so convinced
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.42,0:04:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Dreyfus was guilty.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.56,0:04:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, you might even assume\Nthat they were setting him up,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.43,0:04:06.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they were intentionally framing him.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.42,0:04:08.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But historians don't think\Nthat's what happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.71,0:04:09.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As far as we can tell,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.89,0:04:14.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the officers genuinely believed\Nthat the case against Dreyfus was strong.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.15,0:04:16.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which makes you wonder:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.65,0:04:18.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does it say about the human mind
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.95,0:04:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can find such paltry evidence
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.29,0:04:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be compelling enough to convict a man?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.21,0:04:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, this is a case of what scientists\Ncall "motivated reasoning."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.52,0:04:31.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's this phenomenon in which\Nour unconscious motivations,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.60,0:04:33.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our desires and fears,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.97,0:04:36.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shape the way we interpret information.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.34,0:04:39.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some information, some ideas,\Nfeel like our allies.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.78,0:04:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want them to win.\NWe want to defend them.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.44,0:04:44.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And other information\Nor ideas are the enemy,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.100,0:04:46.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we want to shoot them down.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.41,0:04:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is why I call\Nmotivated reasoning, "soldier mindset."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.99,0:04:54.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Probably most of you have never persecuted
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.02,0:04:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a French-Jewish officer for high treason,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.32,0:04:58.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I assume,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.82,0:05:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but maybe you've followed sports\Nor politics, so you might have noticed
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.70,0:05:07.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that when the referee judges\Nthat your team committed a foul,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.85,0:05:09.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.03,0:05:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're highly motivated\Nto find reasons why he's wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.48,0:05:15.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if he judges that the other team\Ncommitted a foul -- awesome!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.62,0:05:18.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a good call,\Nlet's not examine it too closely.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.79,0:05:20.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, maybe you've read\Nan article or a study
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.93,0:05:23.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's examined some controversial policy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.66,0:05:24.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like capital punishment.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.74,0:05:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, as researchers have demonstrated,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.88,0:05:29.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you support capital punishment
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.60,0:05:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the study shows\Nthat it's not effective,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.14,0:05:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you're highly motivated\Nto find all the reasons
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.42,0:05:37.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why the study was poorly designed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.61,0:05:39.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if it shows\Nthat capital punishment works,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.84,0:05:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a good study.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.02,0:05:44.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And vice versa: if you don't\Nsupport capital punishment, same thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.30,0:05:47.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our judgment is strongly\Ninfluenced, unconsciously,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.15,0:05:49.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by which side we want to win.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.07,0:05:51.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is ubiquitous.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.98,0:05:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This shapes how we think\Nabout our health, our relationships,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.05,0:05:56.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how we decide how to vote,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.97,0:05:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we consider fair or ethical.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.04,0:06:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's most scary to me\Nabout motivated reasoning
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.82,0:06:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or soldier mindset,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.100,0:06:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is how unconscious it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.27,0:06:08.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can think we're being\Nobjective and fair-minded,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.57,0:06:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and still wind up ruining the life\Nof an innocent man.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.01,0:06:15.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, fortunately for Dreyfus,\Nhis story is not over.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.92,0:06:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Colonel Picquart.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.31,0:06:19.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's another high-ranking officer\Nin the French Army,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.88,0:06:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and like most people,\Nhe assumed Dreyfus was guilty.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.89,0:06:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also like most people in the army,\Nhe was at least casually anti-Semitic.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.34,0:06:30.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But at a certain point,\NPicquart began to suspect:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.30,0:06:34.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What if we're all wrong about Dreyfus?"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.45,0:06:36.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happened was,\Nhe had discovered evidence
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.65,0:06:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the spying for Germany had continued,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.15,0:06:41.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even after Dreyfus was in prison.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.52,0:06:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he had also discovered\Nthat another officer in the army
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.84,0:06:47.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had handwriting that perfectly\Nmatched the memo,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.43,0:06:49.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much closer than Dreyfus's handwriting.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.38,0:06:53.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he brought these discoveries\Nto his superiors,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.02,0:06:57.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to his dismay,\Nthey either didn't care,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.72,0:07:01.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or came up with elaborate rationalizations\Nto explain his findings,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.33,0:07:06.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, "Well, all you've really shown,\NPicquart, is that there's another spy
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.73,0:07:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who learned how to mimic\NDreyfus's handwriting,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.12,0:07:12.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he picked up the torch of spying\Nafter Dreyfus left.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.15,0:07:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Dreyfus is still guilty."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.85,0:07:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eventually, Picquart managed\Nto get Dreyfus exonerated.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.90,0:07:20.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it took him 10 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.46,0:07:22.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for part of that time,\Nhe himself was in prison
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.01,0:07:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the crime of disloyalty to the army.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.49,0:07:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of people feel like Picquart\Ncan't really be the hero of this story
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.52,0:07:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he was an anti-Semite\Nand that's bad, which I agree with.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.32,0:07:41.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But personally, for me,\Nthe fact that Picquart was anti-Semitic
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.100,0:07:44.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually makes his actions more admirable,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.61,0:07:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he had the same prejudices,\Nthe same reasons to be biased
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.75,0:07:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as his fellow officers,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.56,0:07:54.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but his motivation to find the truth\Nand uphold it trumped all of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.11,0:07:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So to me,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.32,0:08:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Picquart is a poster child\Nfor what I call "scout mindset."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.60,0:08:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the drive not to make\None idea win or another lose,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.70,0:08:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but just to see what's really there
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.65,0:08:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as honestly and accurately as you can,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.14,0:08:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if it's not pretty\Nor convenient or pleasant.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.44,0:08:16.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This mindset is what\NI'm personally passionate about.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.71,0:08:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I've spent the last few years\Nexamining and trying to figure out
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.87,0:08:23.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what causes scout mindset.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.87,0:08:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why are some people, sometimes at least,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.05,0:08:30.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,able to cut through their own prejudices\Nand biases and motivations
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.86,0:08:33.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just try to see the facts\Nand the evidence
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.18,0:08:34.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as objectively as they can?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.60,0:08:38.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the answer is emotional.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.12,0:08:42.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, just as soldier mindset\Nis rooted in emotions
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.91,0:08:45.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like defensiveness or tribalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.62,0:08:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scout mindset is, too.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.00,0:08:49.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just rooted in different emotions.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.02,0:08:53.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, scouts are curious.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.46,0:08:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're more likely to say\Nthey feel pleasure
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.03,0:08:58.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they learn new information
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.71,0:09:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or an itch to solve a puzzle.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.54,0:09:04.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're more likely to feel intrigued\Nwhen they encounter something
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.74,0:09:06.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that contradicts their expectations.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.21,0:09:09.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scouts also have different values.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.21,0:09:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're more likely to say\Nthey think it's virtuous
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.30,0:09:13.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to test your own beliefs,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.82,0:09:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're less likely to say\Nthat someone who changes his mind
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.55,0:09:18.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seems weak.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.83,0:09:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And above all, scouts are grounded,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.74,0:09:24.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means their self-worth as a person
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.67,0:09:30.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,isn't tied to how right or wrong\Nthey are about any particular topic.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.16,0:09:33.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they can believe\Nthat capital punishment works.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.44,0:09:36.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If studies come out showing\Nthat it doesn't, they can say,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.28,0:09:40.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Huh. Looks like I might be wrong.\NDoesn't mean I'm bad or stupid."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.95,0:09:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This cluster of traits\Nis what researchers have found --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.30,0:09:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've also found anecdotally --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.03,0:09:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,predicts good judgment.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.39,0:09:53.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the key takeaway I want\Nto leave you with about those traits
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.69,0:09:57.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that they're primarily\Nnot about how smart you are
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.35,0:09:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or about how much you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.38,0:10:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, they don't correlate\Nvery much with IQ at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.64,0:10:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're about how you feel.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.85,0:10:08.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a quote that I keep\Ncoming back to, by Saint-Exupéry.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.90,0:10:10.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's the author of "The Little Prince."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.86,0:10:13.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "If you want to build a ship,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.23,0:10:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't drum up your men\Nto collect wood and give orders
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.88,0:10:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and distribute the work.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.67,0:10:25.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, teach them to yearn\Nfor the vast and endless sea."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.25,0:10:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, I claim,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.85,0:10:32.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we really want to improve\Nour judgment as individuals
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.03,0:10:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as societies,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.50,0:10:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we need most\Nis not more instruction in logic
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.03,0:10:40.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or rhetoric or probability or economics,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.61,0:10:42.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though those things\Nare quite valuable.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.71,0:10:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what we most need\Nto use those principles well
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.04,0:10:47.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is scout mindset.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.48,0:10:49.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to change the way we feel.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.76,0:10:53.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to learn how to feel proud\Ninstead of ashamed
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.59,0:10:56.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we notice we might\Nhave been wrong about something.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.26,0:10:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to learn how to feel intrigued\Ninstead of defensive
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.41,0:11:03.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we encounter some information\Nthat contradicts our beliefs.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.56,0:11:07.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the question I want\Nto leave you with is:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.82,0:11:09.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you most yearn for?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.77,0:11:13.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you yearn to defend your own beliefs?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.13,0:11:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or do you yearn to see the world\Nas clearly as you possibly can?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.35,0:11:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.53,0:11:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)