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Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.44,0:00:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}prerol music{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.46,0:00:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald: Our next Talk will be tackling how\Nsocial media companies are creating a
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.85,0:00:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,global morality standard through content\Nregulations. This would be presented by
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.48,0:00:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two persons standing here the digital\Nrights advocate Matthew Stender and the
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.47,0:00:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,writer and activist Jillian C. York. Please\Ngive them a warm applause.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.22,0:00:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.09,0:00:41.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Matthew: Hello everybody. I hope you all\Nhad a great Congress. Thank you for being
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.48,0:00:46.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here today. You know we're almost wrapped\Nup with the Congress but yeah we
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.95,0:00:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appreciate you being here. My name is\NMatthew Stender. I am a communications
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.93,0:00:57.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,strategist's creative director and digital\Nrights advocate focusing on privacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.42,0:01:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Social media censorship and Freedom of\NPress and expression.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.00,0:01:06.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jillian: And I am Jillian York and I work\Nat the Electronic Frontier Foundation. I
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.55,0:01:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,work on privacy and free expression issues\Nas well as a few other things and I'm
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.58,0:01:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based in Berlin. Thank you. For Berlin?\NAwesome. Cool. Hope to see some of you
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.48,0:01:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there. Great. So today we're gonna be\Ntalking about sin in the time of
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.41,0:01:27.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technology and what we mean by that is the\Nway in which corporations particularly
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.14,0:01:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,content platforms and social media\Nplatforms are driving morality and our
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.32,0:01:36.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perception of it. We've got three key\Ntakeaways to start off with. The first is
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.63,0:01:40.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that social media companies have an\Nunparalleled amount of influence over our
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.43,0:01:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,modern communications. This we know I\Nthink this is probably something everyone
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.98,0:01:48.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this room can agree on. These companies\Nalso play a huge role in shaping our
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.13,0:01:52.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,global outlook on morality and what\Nconstitutes it. So the ways in which we
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.58,0:01:57.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perceive different imagery different\Nspeech is being increasingly defined by
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.28,0:02:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the regulations that these platforms put\Nupon us on our daily activities on them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.10,0:02:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And third they are entirely undemocratic.\NThey're beholden to shareholders and
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.78,0:02:10.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,governments but not at all to the public.\NNot to me, not to you. Rarely do they
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.17,0:02:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,listen to us and when they do there has to\Nbe a fairly exceptional mount of public
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.12,0:02:18.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pressure on them. And so that's, that's\Nour starting point that's what we wanna
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.34,0:02:22.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kick off with and I'll pass the mike to\NMatthew.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.77,0:02:28.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,M: So thinking about these three takeaways\NI'm going to bring it to kind of top level
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.17,0:02:38.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a moment. To introduce an idea today\Nwhich some people have talked about but
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.21,0:02:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the idea of the rise of the techno class.\NSo probably a lot of people in this room
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.40,0:02:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have followed the negotiations, leaks in\Npart and then in full by WikiLeaks about
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.99,0:02:58.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Trans-Pacific Partnership the TPP what\Nsome people have mentioned in this debate
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.05,0:03:03.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the idea of a corporate capture in a\Nworld now in which that corporations are
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.36,0:03:09.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,becoming are maturing to this to the\Nextent in which they can now sue
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.22,0:03:15.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,governments that the multinational reach\Nof many corporations are larger than that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.27,0:03:21.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The diplomatic reach of countries. And\Nwith this social media platforms being
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.62,0:03:26.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,part of this that they, that these social\Nmedia companies now are going to have the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.25,0:03:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capacity to influence not only cultures\Nbut people within cultures and how they
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.18,0:03:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,communicate with people inside their\Nculture and communicate globally. So as
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.24,0:03:40.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,activists and technologists I would like\Nto propose at least that we start thinking
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.99,0:03:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about and beyond the product and service\Nofferings of today's social media
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.10,0:03:50.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,companies and start looking ahead to two -\Nfive - ten years down the road in which
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.66,0:03:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these companies may have social media\Nservices and serve as media social media
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.56,0:04:00.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,service offerings which are\Nindistinguishable from today's ISPs and
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.71,0:04:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,telcos and other things. And this is\Nreally to say that social media is moving
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.91,0:04:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,past the era of the walled garden into neo\Nempires. So one of the things that is on
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.40,0:04:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the slide are some headlines about\Ndifferent delivery mechanisms in which
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.30,0:04:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that social media companies and also\Npeople like Elon Musk are looking to roll
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.98,0:04:30.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out an almost leapfrog if not completely\Nleapfrog the existing technologies of
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.05,0:04:36.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Russia broadcasting fiberoptics these sort\Nof things. So we now are looking at a
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.53,0:04:41.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,world in which that Facebook is now gonna\Nhave drones. Google is looking into
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.24,0:04:46.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,balloons and other people looking into low\Nearth orbit satellites to be able to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.59,0:04:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,provide directly to the end consumer, to\Nthe user, to the handset the content which
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.22,0:04:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flows through these networks. So one of\Nthe first things I believe we're gonna see
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.20,0:05:05.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this field is free basics. Facebook has\Na service it was launched as Internet.org
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.60,0:05:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now it's been rebranded free basics\Nand why this is interesting is that while
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.02,0:05:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in one hand free basis is a free service\Nthat it's trying to get the people that
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.06,0:05:21.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not on the Internet now to use a\NFacebook's window Facebook's window to the
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.59,0:05:28.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,world. It has maybe a couple dozen sites\Nthat are accessible it runs over the data
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.03,0:05:35.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,networks for countries reliance the\Ntelecommunications company in India is one
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.18,0:05:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the larger telcos but not the largest.\NThere's a lot of pressure that Facebook is
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.55,0:05:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,putting on the government of India right\Nnow to be able to have the service offered
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.32,0:05:54.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across the country. One of the ways that\Nthis is problematic is because a limited
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.96,0:05:59.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,number of Web sites flow through this that\Npeople that get exposed to free basic.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.30,0:06:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This might be their first time seeing the\NInternet in some cases because an example
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.18,0:06:10.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is interesting to think about is a lion\Nborn into a zoo. Perhaps evolution and
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.35,0:06:16.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other things may have this line dream\Nperhaps of running wild on the plains of
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.89,0:06:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Africa but at the same time it will never\Nknow that world Facebook free basic users
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.08,0:06:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,knowing Facebook's view to the window of\Nthe Internet may not all jump over to a
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.20,0:06:37.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,full data package on their ISP. And many\Npeople may be stuck in Facebook's window
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.38,0:06:41.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.19,0:06:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,J: In other words we've reached an era\Nwhere these companies have as I've said
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.74,0:06:48.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unprecedented control over our daily\Ncommunications both the information that
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.53,0:06:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can access and the speech and imagery\Nthat we can express to the world and to
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.46,0:06:55.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each other. So the postings and pages and\Nfriend requests, the millions of
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.88,0:06:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,politically active users as well, have\Nhelped to make Mark Zuckerberg and his
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.62,0:07:02.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colleagues as well as the people at\NGoogle, Twitter and all these other fine
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.77,0:07:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,companies extremely rich and yet we're\Npushing back in this case. I've got a
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.85,0:07:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,great quote from Rebecca MacKinnon where\Nshe refers to Facebook as Facebookistan
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.40,0:07:14.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think that that is an apt example of\Nwhat we're looking at. These are
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.61,0:07:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,corporations but they're not beholden at\Nall to the public as we know. And instead
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.28,0:07:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they've kind of turned into these quasi\Ndictatorships that dictate precisely how
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.19,0:07:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we behave on them. I also wanted to throw\Nthis one up to talk a little bit about the
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.40,0:07:34.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,global speech norm. This is from Ben\NWagner who's written a number of pieces on
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.03,0:07:38.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this but who kind of coined the concept of\Na global speech standard which is what
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.37,0:07:42.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these companies have begun and are\Nincreasingly imposing upon us. This global
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.93,0:07:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,speech standard is essentially catering to\Neveryone in the world trying to make every
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.80,0:07:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,user in every country and every government\Nhappy. But as a result have kind of tamper
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.80,0:07:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,down free speech to this very basic level\Nthat makes both the governments of let's
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.36,0:08:00.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say the United States and Germany happy as\Nwell as the governments of countries like
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.93,0:08:05.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Saudi Arabia. Therefore we're looking at\Nreally kind of the lowest common
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.27,0:08:09.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,denominator when it comes to sometimes\Ntone types of speech and this sort of flat
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.87,0:08:14.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gray standard when it comes to others.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.81,0:08:22.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,M: So Jillian just mentioned we have\Ncountries in play. Facebook is another
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.05,0:08:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,organizations social media companies are\Ntrying to pivot and play within an
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.08,0:08:30.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,international field but let's just take it\Nup for a moment a look at the scale and
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.49,0:08:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scope and size of these social media\Ncompanies. So I just put some figures from
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.80,0:08:42.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Internet and with some latest census\Ninformation we have China 1.37 billion
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.75,0:08:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people, India 1.25 billion people 2.2\Nbillion individuals and practitioners of
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.02,0:08:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Islam and Christianity. But now we have\NFacebook with according to their
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.76,0:08:57.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,statistics 1.5 billion active monthly\Nusers. Their statistics - I'm sure many
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.61,0:09:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people would like to dispute these numbers\N- but the same time with these platforms
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.52,0:09:08.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are now large. I mean larger than - not\Nlarger than some of religions - but
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.64,0:09:15.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Facebook has more monthly active users\Nthan China or India have citizens. So
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.04,0:09:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're not talking about - you know -\Nbasement startups, we're now talking about
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.06,0:09:26.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,companies with the size and scale to be\Nable to really be influential in a larger
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.94,0:09:42.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,institutional way. So Magna Carta app the\NU.S. Constitution the Declaration of Human
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.79,0:09:49.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rights the tree of masters the Bible the\NQuran. These are time tested at least
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.13,0:09:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,longstanding principle documents. That's\Nhow that place upon their constituents
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.31,0:10:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether it be citizens or spiritual\Nadherents a certain code of conduct.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.98,0:10:08.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Facebook, as Jillian mentioned, is\Nnondemocratic. Facebook's terms and
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.51,0:10:12.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,standards were written by a small group of\Nindividuals with a few compelling
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.99,0:10:18.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interests in mind. But we are now talking\Nabout 1.5 billion people on a monthly
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.54,0:10:27.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basis that are subservient to a Terms of\NService in which they had no input on.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.24,0:10:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sort of pivot from there and bring it back\Nto spirituality why is this important.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.47,0:10:41.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well spiritual morality has always been a\Nplace for - for religion. Religion has a
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.89,0:10:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,monopoly on the soul. You could say, that\Nreligion is a set of rules in which that
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.76,0:10:55.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you obey you are able to not go to hell\Nor heaven after an afterlife reincarnated
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.86,0:11:02.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whatever the religious practice may be.\NCivil morality is quite interesting in the
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.56,0:11:07.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sense that the sovereign state as a top\Nlevel institution has the ability to put
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.61,0:11:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into place a series of statutes and\Nregulations. The violation of which can
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.46,0:11:18.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,send you to jail. Another interesting note\Nis that the state is also, also has a
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.57,0:11:24.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,monopoly on the use of sanctioned\Nviolence. Say that's the actors of
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.67,0:11:28.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,official actors of the states are able to\Ndo things in which that the citizens
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.08,0:11:35.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,citizens of that state may not. And if we\Ntake a look at this this concept of
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.57,0:11:41.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,digital morality I spoke about earlier\Nwith services like free basic introducing
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.91,0:11:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new individuals to the Internet well, by a\Nviolation of the terms of service you can
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.46,0:11:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be excluded from these massive global\Nnetworks. And really they, Facebook is
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.40,0:12:04.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually trying to create a if not a\Nmonopoly a semi monopoly on global
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.05,0:12:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,connectivity. in a lot of ways. So what\Ndrives Facebook and this is a few things.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.00,0:12:20.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is a protection stick protectionistic\Nlegal framework. Ok. The control of
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.87,0:12:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,copyright violations is something that a\Nlot of platforms stomped out pretty early.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.36,0:12:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't want to be sued by the IRA or\Nthe MPAA. And so there was mechanisms in
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.90,0:12:36.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which copyright, copyrighted material was\Nable to be taken on the platform. They
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.64,0:12:41.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also or limit potential competition. And I\Nthink this is quite interesting in the
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.99,0:12:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sense that they have shown this in two\Nways. One: They've boughten they've
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.22,0:12:52.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,purchased rival or potential competitors.\NYou see this with Instagram being bought
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.14,0:12:57.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by Facebook. But Facebook has also\Ndemonstrated the ability or willingness to
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.87,0:13:04.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,censor certain context, certain content.\Ntsu.co was a news social sites and
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.90,0:13:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mentions and links to this platform were\Ndeleted or not allowed on Facebook. So
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.28,0:13:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even using Facebook as a platform to talk\Nabout another platform was was not
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.48,0:13:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allowed. And then a third component is the\Noperation on the global scale. It's only
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.86,0:13:29.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the size of the company it's also about\Nthe global reach. So if Facebook maintains
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.44,0:13:33.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,offices around the world, as other social\Nmedia companies do, they engage in public
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.32,0:13:41.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diplomacy and they also offer aid in many\Ncountries and many languages. So just to
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.72,0:13:47.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take it to to companies like Facebook for\Na moment really an economics you have the
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.45,0:13:53.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,traditional multinationals the 20th\Ncentury Coca Cola McDonald's. The end
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.49,0:14:00.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,user. The end goal the goal for the end\Nuser of these products was consumption.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.61,0:14:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is changing now. Facebook is looking\Nto capture more and more parts of the
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.17,0:14:11.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,supply chain. And as a this may be as a\Nservice provider as a content moderator
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.34,0:14:21.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and responsible for negotiating and\Neducating the content disputes. At the end
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.07,0:14:27.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the day that users are really the\Nproduct. It's not for us Facebook users
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.51,0:14:32.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the platform it's really for advertisers.\NWe take a hierarchy of the platform where
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.63,0:14:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the corporation advertisers and then users\Nkind of at the fringes.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.51,0:14:41.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,J: So let's get into the nitty gritty a\Nlittle bit about what content moderation
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.90,0:14:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on these platforms actually looks like. So\NI've put up two headlines from Adrian Chan
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.40,0:14:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a journalist who wrote these for Gawker\Nand wired respectively. They're both a
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.15,0:14:54.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,couple of years old. But what he did was\Nhe looked into he investigated who was
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.91,0:14:58.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moderating the content on these platforms\Nand what he found and accused these
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.90,0:15:03.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,companies out of is outsourcing the\Ncontent moderation to low paid workers in
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.10,0:15:06.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,developing countries. In this case he\Nfound the first article I think Morocco
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.78,0:15:09.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the country and I'm gonna show a slide\Nfrom that a bit of what those content
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.97,0:15:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moderators worked with. And the second\Narticle talked a lot about the use of
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.05,0:15:17.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,workers in the Philippines for this\Npurpose. We know that these workers are
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.11,0:15:21.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably low paid. We know that they're\Ngiven very very minimal amount of a
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.53,0:15:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,minimal timeframe to look at the content\Nthat they're being presented. So here's
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.20,0:15:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how it basically works across platforms\Nwith small differences. I post something
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.20,0:15:34.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'll show you some great examples of\Nthings they posted later. I post something
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.58,0:15:39.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if I post it to my friends only, my\Nfriends can then report it to the company.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.07,0:15:43.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I post it publicly anybody who can see\Nit or who's a user of the product can
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.43,0:15:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,report it to the company. Once a piece of\Ncontent is reported a content moderator
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.80,0:15:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then looks at it and within that very\Nsmall time frame we're talking half a
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.42,0:15:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,second to two seconds probably based on\Nthe investigative research that's been
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.16,0:16:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,done by a number of people they have to\Ndecide if this content fits the terms of
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.13,0:16:03.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,service or not. Now most of these\Ncompanies have a legalistic terms of
Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.99,0:16:07.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,service as well as a set of community\Nguidelines or community standards which
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.80,0:16:12.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are clear to the user but they're still\Noften very vague. And so I wanna get into
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.74,0:16:18.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a couple of examples that show that. This\Nis just this slide is the one of the
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.27,0:16:21.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,examples that I gave. You can't see it\Nvery well, so I won't leave it up for too
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.29,0:16:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,long. But that was what content moderators\Nat this outsource company oDesk were
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.80,0:16:33.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allegedly using to moderate content on\NFacebook. This next photo contains nudity.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.88,0:16:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think everyone probably knows who\Nthis is and has seen this photo. Yes? No?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.74,0:16:46.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK. This is Kim Kardashian and this photo\Nallegedly broke the Internet. It was a
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.39,0:16:50.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,photo taken for paper magazine. It was\Nposted widely on the web and it was seen
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.78,0:16:55.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by many many people. Now this photograph\Ndefinitely violates Facebook's terms of
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.46,0:17:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,service. Buuut Kim Kardashian's really\Nfamous and makes a lot of money. So in
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.38,0:17:06.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most instances as far as I can tell this\Nphoto was totally fine on Facebook. Now
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.78,0:17:11.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's talk about those rules a little bit.\NFacebook says that they restrict nudity
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.17,0:17:15.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless it is art. So they do make an\Nexception for art which may be why they
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.75,0:17:21.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allowed that image of Kim Kardashian's\Nbehind to stay up. Art is defined by the
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.17,0:17:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,individual. And yet at the same time that\Nyou know they make clear that that's let's
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.13,0:17:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say a photograph of Michelangelo's David\Nor a photograph of another piece of art in
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.42,0:17:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a museum would be perfectly acceptable\Nwhereas you know you're sort of average
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.21,0:17:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nudity maybe probably is not going to be\Nallowed to remain on the platform. They
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.09,0:17:42.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also note that they restrict the display\Nof nudity to ensure that their global..
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.97,0:17:46.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because their global community may be\Nsensitive to this type of content
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.38,0:17:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly because of their cultural\Nbackground or age. So this is Facebook in
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.12,0:17:54.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their community standards telling you\Nexplicitly that they are toning down free
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.91,0:18:01.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,speech to make everyone happy. This is\Nanother photograph. Germans are
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.79,0:18:07.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly I'm interested. Is everyone\Nfamiliar with the show the Golden Girls?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.48,0:18:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK. Quite a few. So you might recognize\Nher she was Dorothea on the Golden Girls
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.93,0:18:15.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is the actress Bea Arthur and this is\Nfrom a painting from 1991 by John Curran
Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.09,0:18:19.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of her. It's unclear whether or not she\Nsat for the painting. It's a wonderful
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.29,0:18:23.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,image, it's beautiful it's very beautiful\Nportrait of her. But I posted it on
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.59,0:18:28.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Facebook several times in a week. I\Nencouraged my friends to report it. And in
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.18,0:18:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fact Facebook found this to not be art.\NSorry. Another image this is by an artist
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.01,0:18:40.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Canadian artist called Rupi Kaur. She\Nposted a series of images in which she was
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.73,0:18:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,menstruating, she was trying to\Nessentially describe the normal the
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.51,0:18:49.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,normality of this. The fact that this is\Nsomething that all women go through. Most
Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.58,0:18:56.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,women go through. And as a result\NInstagram denied. Unclear on the reasons,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.91,0:19:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they told her that had violated the terms\Nof service but weren't exactly clear as to
Dialogue: 0,0:19:01.10,0:19:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why. And finally this is another one. This\Nis by an artist friend of mine, I'm afraid
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.04,0:19:09.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I have completely blanked on who did\Nthis particular piece, but what it was is:
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.95,0:19:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They took famous works of nude art and had\Nsex workers pose in the same poses as the
Dialogue: 0,0:19:16.37,0:19:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pieces of art. I thought it was a really\Ncool project but Google Plus did not find
Dialogue: 0,0:19:19.98,0:19:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that to be a really cool project. And\Nbecause of their guidelines on nudity they
Dialogue: 0,0:19:23.92,0:19:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,banned it. This is a cat. Just want to\Nmake sure you're awake. It was totally
Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.91,0:19:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allowed. So in addition to the problems of\Ncontent moderation I'm gonna go ahead and
Dialogue: 0,0:19:37.63,0:19:41.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say that we also have a major diversity\Nproblem at these companies. These
Dialogue: 0,0:19:41.29,0:19:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,statistics are facts these are from all of\Nthese companies themselves. They put out
Dialogue: 0,0:19:45.51,0:19:51.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diversity reports recently or as I like to\Ncall them diversity reports and they show
Dialogue: 0,0:19:51.11,0:19:54.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that. So the statistics are a little bit\Ndifferent because they only capture data
Dialogue: 0,0:19:54.25,0:19:59.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on ethnicity or nationality in their US\Noffices just because of how those
Dialogue: 0,0:19:59.25,0:20:02.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,standards are sort of odd all over the\Nworld. So the first stats referred to
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.71,0:20:06.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their global staff. The second ones in\Neach line refer to their U.S. staff but as
Dialogue: 0,0:20:06.69,0:20:10.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see these companies are largely\Nmade of white men which is probably not
Dialogue: 0,0:20:10.75,0:20:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surprising but it is a problem. Now why is\Nthat a problem? Particularly when you're
Dialogue: 0,0:20:16.08,0:20:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talking about policy teams the people who\Nbuild policies and regulations have an
Dialogue: 0,0:20:20.44,0:20:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inherent bias. We all have an inherent\Nbias. But what we've seen in this is
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.50,0:20:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really a bias of sort of the American\Nstyle of prudeness. Nudity is not allowed
Dialogue: 0,0:20:30.46,0:20:34.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but violence extreme violence as long as\Nit's fictional is totally OK. And that's
Dialogue: 0,0:20:34.67,0:20:39.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,generally how these platforms operate. And\Nso I think that when we ensure that there
Dialogue: 0,0:20:39.22,0:20:44.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is diversity in the teams creating both\Nour tools our technology and our policies,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.78,0:20:49.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we can ensure that diverse world\Nviews are brought into those that creation
Dialogue: 0,0:20:49.20,0:20:56.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,process and that the policies are\Ntherefore more just. So what can we do
Dialogue: 0,0:20:56.48,0:21:00.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about this problem? As consumers as\Ntechnologists as activists as whomever you
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.84,0:21:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might identify as. In the first one I\Nthink a lot of the technologists are gonna
Dialogue: 0,0:21:04.94,0:21:08.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agree with: Develop decentralized\Nnetworks. We need to work toward that
Dialogue: 0,0:21:08.78,0:21:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ideal because these companies are not\Ngetting any smaller. We're not gonna
Dialogue: 0,0:21:12.41,0:21:16.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,necessarily go out and say that they're\Ntoo big to fail but they are massive and
Dialogue: 0,0:21:16.28,0:21:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as Matthew noted earlier they're buying up\Nproperties all over the place and making
Dialogue: 0,0:21:20.48,0:21:25.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sure that they do have control over our\Nspeech. The second thing is to push for
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.40,0:21:29.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,greater transparency around terms of\Nservice takedowns. Now I'm not a huge fan
Dialogue: 0,0:21:29.83,0:21:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of transparency for the sake of\Ntransparency. I think that these, you
Dialogue: 0,0:21:33.21,0:21:36.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know, these companies have been putting\Nout transparency reports for a long time
Dialogue: 0,0:21:36.51,0:21:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that show what countries ask them to take\Ndown content or hand over user data. But
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.38,0:21:48.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've seen those transparency reports to\Nbe incredibly flawed already. And so in
Dialogue: 0,0:21:48.33,0:21:51.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pushing for greater transparency around\Nterms of service take downs that's only a
Dialogue: 0,0:21:51.53,0:21:55.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first step. The third thing is, we need to\Ndemand that these companies adhere to
Dialogue: 0,0:21:55.81,0:21:59.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,global speech standards. We already have\Nthe Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.26,0:22:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't understand why we need companies\Nto develop their own bespoke rules. And so
Dialogue: 0,0:22:03.95,0:22:10.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by..\N{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:22:10.51,0:22:13.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so by demanding that companies adhere\Nto global speech standards we can ensure
Dialogue: 0,0:22:13.68,0:22:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these are places of free expression\Nbecause it is unrealistic to just tell
Dialogue: 0,0:22:17.52,0:22:21.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people to get off Facebook. I can't tell\Nyou how many times in the tech community
Dialogue: 0,0:22:21.03,0:22:26.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the years I've heard people say well\Nif you don't like it just leave. That's
Dialogue: 0,0:22:26.23,0:22:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not a realistic option for many people\Naround the world and I think we all know
Dialogue: 0,0:22:29.52,0:22:32.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that deep down.\N{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:22:32.23,0:22:38.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. And so the other thing I would\Nsay though is that public pressure works.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:38.69,0:22:42.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We saw last year with Facebook's real name\Npolicy there are a number of drag
Dialogue: 0,0:22:42.94,0:22:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,performers in the San Francisco Bay Area\Nwho were kicked off the platform because
Dialogue: 0,0:22:46.90,0:22:50.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were using their performance - their\Ndrag names - which is a completely
Dialogue: 0,0:22:50.09,0:22:54.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,legitimate thing to do just as folks have\Nhacker names or other pseudonyms. But
Dialogue: 0,0:22:54.74,0:22:58.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those folks pushed back. They formed a\Ncoalition and they got Facebook to change
Dialogue: 0,0:22:58.85,0:23:04.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a little bit. It's not completely there\Nyet but they're making progress and I'm
Dialogue: 0,0:23:04.24,0:23:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hoping that this goes well. And then the\Nlast thing is and this is totally a pitch
Dialogue: 0,0:23:09.12,0:23:13.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thrown right out there: Support projects\Nlike ours I'm gonna throw to Matthew to
Dialogue: 0,0:23:13.25,0:23:16.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talk about onlinecensorship.org and\Nanother project done by the excellent
Dialogue: 0,0:23:16.97,0:23:21.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rebecca MacKinnon called\Nranking digital rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:21.29,0:23:25.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,M: So just a little bit of thinking\Noutside the box onlinecensorship.org is a
Dialogue: 0,0:23:25.32,0:23:31.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,platform that's recently launched. Users\Ncan go onto the platform and submit a
Dialogue: 0,0:23:31.63,0:23:36.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,small questionnaire if their content has\Nbeen taken down by the platforms. Why we
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.59,0:23:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think this is exciting is because right\Nnow as we mentioned that transparency
Dialogue: 0,0:23:39.46,0:23:45.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reports are fundamentally flawed. We are\Nlooking to crowdsource information about
Dialogue: 0,0:23:45.17,0:23:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ways in which the social media\Ncompanies, six social media companies, are
Dialogue: 0,0:23:49.09,0:23:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moderating and taking down content because\Nwe can't know exactly what kind of
Dialogue: 0,0:23:53.94,0:23:57.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accountability and transparency in real\Ntime. We're hoping to be able to find
Dialogue: 0,0:23:57.16,0:24:03.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trends both across the kind of conduct has\Nbeen taking down, geographic trends, news
Dialogue: 0,0:24:03.100,0:24:08.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,related trends within sort of\Nself-reported content takedown. But it's
Dialogue: 0,0:24:08.35,0:24:12.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,platforms like these that I think that\Nhopefully will begin to spring up in
Dialogue: 0,0:24:12.71,0:24:18.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,response for the community to be able to\Nput tools in place that people can be a
Dialogue: 0,0:24:18.37,0:24:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,part of the poor porting\Nand Transparency Initiative.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:21.54,0:24:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,J: We launched about a month ago and were\Nhoping to put out our first set of reports
Dialogue: 0,0:24:24.27,0:24:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around March. And finally I just want to\Nclose with one more quote before we slip
Dialogue: 0,0:24:29.06,0:24:33.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into Q&A and that is just to save it. It's\Nreasonable that we press Facebook on these
Dialogue: 0,0:24:33.74,0:24:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,questions of public responsibility, while\Nalso acknowledging that Facebook cannot be
Dialogue: 0,0:24:37.41,0:24:41.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all things to all people. We can demand\Nthat their design decisions and user
Dialogue: 0,0:24:41.16,0:24:45.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,policies standard for review explicit\Nthoughtful and open to public
Dialogue: 0,0:24:45.95,0:24:50.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deliberation. But - and this is the most\Nimportant part in my view - the choices that
Dialogue: 0,0:24:50.20,0:24:54.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Facebook makes in their design and in\Ntheir policies or value judgments. This is
Dialogue: 0,0:24:54.55,0:24:57.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political and I know you've heard that in\Na lot of talk. So have I. But I think we
Dialogue: 0,0:24:57.93,0:25:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can't, we cannot forget that this is all\Npolitical and we have to address it as
Dialogue: 0,0:25:01.70,0:25:06.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such. And for someone if that means you\Nknow quitting the platform thats fine too.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:06.46,0:25:09.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think that we should still\Nunderstand that our friends our relatives
Dialogue: 0,0:25:09.14,0:25:13.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our families are using these platforms and\Nthat we do owe it to everybody to make
Dialogue: 0,0:25:13.35,0:25:17.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them a better place for free expression\Nand privacy. Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:17.97,0:25:23.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:25:23.78,0:25:28.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald: Thank you so much. So please now\Nwe have a section of Q&A for anyone who
Dialogue: 0,0:25:28.63,0:25:36.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has a question please use one of the mikes\Non the site's. And I think we have a
Dialogue: 0,0:25:36.11,0:25:44.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,question from one of our viewers? No. OK.\NPlease proceed numer one.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:44.26,0:25:48.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mike 1: You just addressed that I am sort\Nof especially after listening to your talk
Dialogue: 0,0:25:48.86,0:25:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm sort of on the verge of quitting\NFacebook or starting to I don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:55.50,0:26:00.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}\NYeah, I mean and I agree it's a hard
Dialogue: 0,0:26:00.20,0:26:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decision. I've been on Facebook for I\Nthink six years now and it is a dispute
Dialogue: 0,0:26:07.20,0:26:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for me myself. So, I'm in this very\Nstrange position. And now I have to kind
Dialogue: 0,0:26:12.73,0:26:18.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of decide what to do. Are there any.. is\Nthere any help for me out there to tell me
Dialogue: 0,0:26:18.39,0:26:26.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what would be.. I don't know what.. that\Ntakes my state and helps me in deciding..
Dialogue: 0,0:26:26.27,0:26:28.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know. It's strange.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:28.95,0:26:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,J: That's such a hard question. I mean\NI'm.. I'll put on my privacy hat for just
Dialogue: 0,0:26:33.64,0:26:38.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a second and say what I would say to\Npeople when they're making that
Dialogue: 0,0:26:38.81,0:26:41.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consideration from a privacy view point\Nbecause they do think that the
Dialogue: 0,0:26:41.39,0:26:44.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,implications of privacy on these platforms\Nis often much more severe than those of
Dialogue: 0,0:26:44.85,0:26:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,speech. But this is what I do. So in that\Ncase you know I think it's really about
Dialogue: 0,0:26:49.39,0:26:54.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,understanding your threat model of\Nunderstanding what sort of threat you're
Dialogue: 0,0:26:54.25,0:26:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under when it comes to you know the data\Ncollection that these companies are
Dialogue: 0,0:26:57.80,0:27:01.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,undertaking as well as the censorship of\Ncourse. But I think it really is a
Dialogue: 0,0:27:01.85,0:27:04.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,personal decision and I I'm sure that\Nthere are - you know - there are great
Dialogue: 0,0:27:04.99,0:27:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resources out there around digital\Nsecurity and around thinking through those
Dialogue: 0,0:27:09.46,0:27:12.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thread model processes and perhaps that\Ncould be of help to you for that. If you
Dialogue: 0,0:27:12.86,0:27:17.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,want to add?\NM: No I mean I think it's, it's one of
Dialogue: 0,0:27:17.21,0:27:21.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these big toss ups like this is a system\Nin which that many people are connected
Dialogue: 0,0:27:21.06,0:27:26.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through even sometimes e-mail addresses\Nrollover and Facebook. And so I think it's
Dialogue: 0,0:27:26.37,0:27:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the opportunity cost by leaving a\Nplatform. What do you have to lose, what
Dialogue: 0,0:27:30.06,0:27:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do you have to gain. But it's also\Nimportant remember that well the snapshot
Dialogue: 0,0:27:34.62,0:27:40.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we see of Facebook now it's not gonna get\Nany it's probably not gonna get better.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:40.35,0:27:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's probably gonna be more invasive and\Nin coming into different parts of our
Dialogue: 0,0:27:44.44,0:27:49.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lives so I think from the security and\Nprivacy aspect it's really just up to the
Dialogue: 0,0:27:49.71,0:27:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,individual.\NMike 1: Short follow up - if I am allowed
Dialogue: 0,0:27:54.02,0:28:03.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to - I don't see the.. the main point for\Nme is not my personal implications so I am
Dialogue: 0,0:28:03.37,0:28:08.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quite aware that Facebook is a bad thing\Nand I can leave it, but I'm sort of
Dialogue: 0,0:28:08.93,0:28:13.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thinking about it's way past the point\Nwhere we can decide on our own and decide:
Dialogue: 0,0:28:13.65,0:28:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, is it good for me or is it good for my\Nfriend or is it good for my mom or for my
Dialogue: 0,0:28:17.52,0:28:23.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dad or whatever? We have to think about:\NIs Facebook as such for society is a good
Dialogue: 0,0:28:23.63,0:28:28.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thing - as you are addressing. So I think\Nwe have to drive this decision making from
Dialogue: 0,0:28:28.41,0:28:34.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one person to a lot, lot, lot of persons.\NJ: I agree and I'll note. What we're
Dialogue: 0,0:28:34.53,0:28:36.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talking about..\N{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:28:36.81,0:28:41.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I agree. What we're talking about in the\Nproject that we work on together is a
Dialogue: 0,0:28:41.40,0:28:45.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,small piece of the broader issue and I\Nagree that this needs to be tackled from
Dialogue: 0,0:28:45.05,0:28:49.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many angles.\NHerald: Ok, we have a question from one of
Dialogue: 0,0:28:49.18,0:28:51.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our viewers on the Internet, please.\NSignal Angel: Yeah, one of the questions
Dialogue: 0,0:28:51.100,0:28:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the internet is: Aren't the\Nmoderators the real problem who bann
Dialogue: 0,0:28:55.50,0:29:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything which they don't really like\Nrather than the providers of the service?
Dialogue: 0,0:29:02.73,0:29:05.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald: Can you please repeat that?\NSignal Angel: The question was if the
Dialogue: 0,0:29:05.79,0:29:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moderators sometimes volunteers aren't the\Nproblem because they bann everything that
Dialogue: 0,0:29:10.80,0:29:15.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't like rather than the providers\Nof a certain service?
Dialogue: 0,0:29:15.17,0:29:19.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,J: Ahm, no I mean I would say that the\Ncontent moderators.. we don't know who
Dialogue: 0,0:29:19.90,0:29:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are, so that's part of the issue, as\Nwe don't know and I've - you know - I've
Dialogue: 0,0:29:23.19,0:29:27.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,heard many allegations over the years when\Ncertain content's been taken down in a
Dialogue: 0,0:29:27.15,0:29:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,certain local or cultural context\Nparticularly in the Arab world. I've heard
Dialogue: 0,0:29:30.80,0:29:34.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the accusation that like oh those content\Nmoderators are pro Sisi the dictator in
Dialogue: 0,0:29:34.63,0:29:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Egypt or whatever. I'm not sure how much\Nmerit that holds because like I said we
Dialogue: 0,0:29:39.25,0:29:44.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't know who they are. But I would say\Nis that they're not.. it doesn't feel like
Dialogue: 0,0:29:44.87,0:29:48.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're given the resources to do their\Njobs well, so even if they were the best
Dialogue: 0,0:29:48.53,0:29:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most neutral people on earth they're given\Nvery little time probably very little
Dialogue: 0,0:29:53.08,0:29:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,money and not a whole lot of resources to\Nwork with in making those determinations.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:58.51,0:30:01.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald: Thank you. We take a question from\NMike 3 please.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:01.42,0:30:06.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mike 3: Test, test. OK. First off, thank\Nyou so much for the talk. And I just have
Dialogue: 0,0:30:06.23,0:30:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a basic question. So it seems logical that\NFacebook is trying to put out this mantra
Dialogue: 0,0:30:12.04,0:30:16.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of protect the children. I can kind of get\Nbehind that. And it also seems based on
Dialogue: 0,0:30:16.75,0:30:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fact that they have the "real names\Npolicy" that they would also expect you to
Dialogue: 0,0:30:20.53,0:30:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put in a real legal age. So if they're\Ntrying to censor things like nudity: Why
Dialogue: 0,0:30:25.56,0:30:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,couldn't they simply use things like age\Nas criteria to protect children from
Dialogue: 0,0:30:30.72,0:30:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nudity. While letting everyone else who is\Nabove the legal age make their own
Dialogue: 0,0:30:34.24,0:30:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decision?\NJ: You wanna take that?
Dialogue: 0,0:30:38.15,0:30:43.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,M: I think it's a few factors one: It's I\Nguess on the technical side what on the
Dialogue: 0,0:30:43.77,0:30:48.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technical side, what constitutes nudity.\NAnd in a process way if it does get
Dialogue: 0,0:30:48.34,0:30:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flagged as when something is flagged do\Nyou have a channel or two boxes to say
Dialogue: 0,0:30:53.10,0:30:57.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what sort of content I could use a system\Nin which that content flagged as nudity
Dialogue: 0,0:30:57.59,0:31:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gets referred to a special nudity\Nmoderator and then the moderator says:
Dialogue: 0,0:31:02.50,0:31:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Yes is nudity" then filter all less than\N- you know - legal age or whatever age.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:10.02,0:31:14.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think it's part of a broader more\Nsystematic approach by Facebook. It's the
Dialogue: 0,0:31:14.81,0:31:22.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,broad strokes. It's really kind of\Ndictating this digital baseline this
Dialogue: 0,0:31:22.32,0:31:26.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,digital morality baseline and we're\Nsaying: "No". Anybody in the world cannot
Dialogue: 0,0:31:26.77,0:31:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,see this. These are our hard lines and it\Ndoesn't matter what age you are where you
Dialogue: 0,0:31:30.52,0:31:34.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reside. This is the box in which we are\Nplacing you in and content that falls
Dialogue: 0,0:31:34.25,0:31:38.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,outside of this box for anybody,\Nregardless of age or origin, that these
Dialogue: 0,0:31:38.56,0:31:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is what we say you can see and\Nanything that falls out that you risk
Dialogue: 0,0:31:43.46,0:31:47.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having your account suspended. So I think\Nit's a mechanism of control.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:47.55,0:31:50.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald: Thank you so much. I think\Nunfortunately we're run out of time for
Dialogue: 0,0:31:50.73,0:31:53.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,questions. I would like to apologize for\Neveryone who's standing maybe you have
Dialogue: 0,0:31:53.88,0:32:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time to discuss that afterwards. Thank you\Neveryone and thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:01.26,0:32:07.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:32:07.97,0:32:12.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}postrol music{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:32:12.80,0:32:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,subtitles created by c3subtitles.de\NJoin, and help us!