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去年这时候

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我做了一系列节目，名为

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“如何善待残障玩家”

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我考察了一些可供开发者采纳的选项和思路

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它们能让游戏变得对残障玩家更友好

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我探讨了色盲配色

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声音可视化

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自定义操作

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和可选辅助模式

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很高兴看到有些游戏能通过选项减少障碍

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但也难过地看到某些游戏搞砸了

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把残障玩家拒之门外

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如今

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一年过去了

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我想是时候回头

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看看业界的表现

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所以过去几周

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我玩了50款2019年最受瞩目的游戏

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从最新大作，如《死亡搁浅》

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《幽灵行动：断点》

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到独立游戏《末日之旅》

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和《鹅作剧》

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我想知道在无障碍方面

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它们有哪些成功和不足

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以下是我的发现

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听觉方面

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2019年第一款大作

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是卡普空的恐怖游戏《生化危机2：重制版》

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它吓坏了一大批新玩家

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全因这个戴帽子的大块头“X先生”

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你会花很多时间躲避这个无法阻挡的梦魇

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只能聆听他沉重的脚步声来预测他的方位

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除非… 没错

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你是失聪或弱听玩家

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因为《生化危机2》没提供“X先生”脚步声的视觉强化选项

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所以有听觉障碍的玩家几乎没法追踪他

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CanIPlayThat.com评论道

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“失聪/弱听玩家一开始就没法玩”

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“无障碍设计零分”

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有些游戏则会设法将声音信息传达给听障玩家

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《孤岛惊魂：新曙光》为枪声和爆炸提供了声音字幕

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并用小箭头指向声音来源

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《战争机器5》里

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那个代表全歼敌人的标志性声响

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会显示为“music settles”

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而且游戏里

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敌人子弹轨迹默认显示为清晰的黄线弹道

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帮你看清哪在开枪

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《Apex英雄》及其高明的“标记系统”也值得一提

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它可以向队友高亮显示区域、敌人及物品

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包括字幕化语音和视觉提示

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让玩家在多人游戏时能无声地交流重要信息

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当然，对失聪和弱听玩家很重要的一个功能

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是对白字幕

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今年一些出色范例都有着美观大字体

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说话者名字

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和高对比度背景

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比如Remedy的烧脑射击游戏《控制》字幕非常清晰

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《星球大战绝地：陨落的武士团》提供了超大字幕选项

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《地铁：离去》的字幕也有黑底和说话者名字

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大多数游戏让你自定义字幕

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菜单选项应有尽有

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而且今年

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育碧尝试默认开启字幕

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他们发现在《孤岛惊魂：新曙光》中

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高达97%的玩家一直开着字幕

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有些游戏甚至在开始前就提示开启字幕

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值得注意的是，今年我玩的每款游戏都带字幕

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虽然不算什么大事

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但2018年末

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动视发行的《小龙斯派罗：重燃三部曲》

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主要过场动画却欠缺字幕

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幸亏，他们今年加了字幕补丁

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不过，还是有许多游戏字幕做得不够理想

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它们没用标签或颜色标出说话者名字

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像《无主之地3》和《狂怒2》

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则把每行塞得太满

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逼着你扫过整个屏幕才能看全

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有些游戏文本与音频不符

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比如《动物园之星》的角色说“交易中心”

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字幕却显示“动物仓库”

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有些游戏并未给所有内容加上字幕

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如《FIFA 20》，解说没有字幕

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《狂怒2》的开场动画也没字幕

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《幽灵行动：断点》没有描述某些敌人声响

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让敌人有机可乘

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此外，有些游戏仍使用特殊字体

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而非清晰的无衬线字体

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虽然《鬼泣5》和《只狼：影逝二度》看着还行

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但《神之亵渎》像素化的哥特体…

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呃

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太亵渎了

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最后是最常见的问题：字幕太小

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《除暴战警3》打坏人时的文本非常迷你

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《迸发2》的字幕也很袖珍

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但字体过小的问题还不只是字幕

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请看第二部分

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视觉方面

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字体大小是无障碍设计里最容易失败的地方

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除了字幕，它还反映在游戏UI

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可收集文件

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和HUD上

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比如《天外世界》要眯着眼才能看清

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因为它满屏文字都很小

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《火焰之纹章：风花雪月》的字在电视上已经很小

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在Switch上就更小了

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《死亡搁浅》试图打造光滑简洁的UI

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但你离得远就看不清

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今年做得最差的

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是杀神模拟策略游戏

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《疾速追杀Hex》

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许多关键文本信息只用了12字号

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庆幸的是，有些游戏字号要大得多

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比如《星际拓荒》

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说明文字离得很远都能看清

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这样的例子还有《王国之心3》的用户界面

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和《天堂之穹》的翻译界面

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有些游戏允许自定义字体大小

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比如存在主义侦探游戏《极乐迪斯科》

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哥特风恐怖冒险游戏《无光之空》

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《动物园之星》

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《幽灵行动：断点》

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和《无主之地3》

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允许玩家调节整个UI尺寸

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让文本与图标更易看清

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这里的好处不只在于无障碍设计，因为

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随着我们的游戏要同时适配大电视和手机小屏幕

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可伸缩UI界面势必成为主流

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有些游戏则从其它方面改进

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它们提供了选项，将特殊字体…

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换成简单易读字体

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《鹅作剧》允许玩家把恶搞事项的草书变成普通字体

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《末日之旅》是今年仅有的

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为失读症玩家提供字体选择的游戏

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一些游戏还内置了读屏技术

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让游戏把文本读出来

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这是《鹰之岛》点击菜单时的效果

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控制设置

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保存

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游戏…

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使用右摇杆

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而《Apex英雄》能把聊天文字变语音

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或把语音变文字

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所以你不会错过人们吐槽你的低等级

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TADEthePRO说

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才2级

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我的天

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为什么？！

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最后

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越来越多游戏允许玩家按自己的节奏阅读

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《血污》要按键才会显示下一行对白

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《缠结塔》可以随时暂停对话

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尽管太空时钟游戏《星际拓荒》的时间不断流逝

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但你阅读文本时游戏会暂停

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而《王国之心3》则在玩家点击菜单时放慢速度

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视觉无障碍设计的另一大挑战在于“色盲”

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今年你能看到不少出色改进

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《塞尔达传说：梦见岛DX》的彩色地牢

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对绿色盲玩家而言并不有趣

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但今年的Switch重制版新增了形状不同的敌人

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裂纹有差异的地砖

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帮助色盲玩家进行区分

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《孤岛惊魂：新曙光》展示了另一种简单办法

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它将屏幕上的关键信息染成粉色和黄色

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《全面战争：三国》允许修改游戏各模块的配色

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《生化危机2》则允许玩家选择激光瞄准点的颜色

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使之与背景区分开

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《Apex英雄》这方面做得更好

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它有三套配色

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你还能在菜单中立刻看到新配色效果

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《天外世界》则在设计上避免通过颜色传达信息

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因为公司一位总监就是色盲

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不过有些游戏仍在用全屏滤镜

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效果通常不尽人意

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只换来又丑又恶心的画面观感

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比如《使命召喚：现代战争》的红色盲全屏滤镜

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会在关键时刻让敌人的红色名字混入背景

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庆幸的是，“使命召唤”很早就把红绿队

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改成红蓝队

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有些游戏仍然把颜色作为传递信息的唯一途径

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《死亡搁浅》里

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包裹封条按黄到红表示货物的损坏程度

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再加些小磨损和刮痕

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而这些封条颜色在特定色盲眼中看着差不多

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感谢Twitter用户RazorBeamz指出这点

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提供更多视觉强化选项不仅能缓解色盲问题

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还能帮助其他视障玩家

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《鹰之岛》里

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你可以调暗背景，让前景更清楚

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此外，你还能给敌人和物品描边突出它们

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《FIFA 20》里，你可以调大球员指示箭头

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《幽灵行动：断点》里，你不但可以扩大UI尺寸

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还可以给箭头和标记加阴影

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让它们一目了然

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运动方面

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无障碍设计中一个需求最大的功能

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就是按键重映射

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它允许运动障碍玩家把关键按键设在顺手位置

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避免使用触摸板或按压摇杆等困难操作

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遗憾的是

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有些游戏仍没提供自定义操作选项

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包括重制版《塞尔达传说：织梦岛》

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前卫派邮差叔叔模拟器《死亡搁浅》

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和丧尸飞车党《往日不再》

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有些游戏提供按键预设

206
00:11:07,300 --> 00:11:08,350
如《除暴战警3》

207
00:11:08,350 --> 00:11:09,300
《天外世界》

208
00:11:09,300 --> 00:11:10,470
《生化危机2：重制版》

209
00:11:10,470 --> 00:11:12,300
和《德军总部：新血脉》

210
00:11:12,300 --> 00:11:15,950
你要选一个预设按键布局

211
00:11:15,950 --> 00:11:18,100
这不赖，但不够好

212
00:11:18,100 --> 00:11:23,200
但我很欣喜地看到今年有不少游戏提供了自定义按键功能

213
00:11:23,200 --> 00:11:24,400
《迸发2》

214
00:11:24,400 --> 00:11:25,770
《团队索尼克赛车》

215
00:11:25,770 --> 00:11:27,800
和《只狼：影逝二度》

216
00:11:27,800 --> 00:11:29,950
支持全键重映射

217
00:11:29,950 --> 00:11:34,170
《鬼泣5》则示范了这个功能对游玩体验有多重要

218
00:11:34,170 --> 00:11:36,970
它没有依赖系统级重映射

219
00:11:36,970 --> 00:11:41,850
而是允许玩家为三个不同角色单独设置按键映射

220
00:11:41,850 --> 00:11:44,190
尼禄、但丁和V

221
00:11:44,190 --> 00:11:47,820
《Apex英雄》和《无主之地3》更进一步

222
00:11:47,820 --> 00:11:49,800
除了按键自定义

223
00:11:49,800 --> 00:11:52,400
还允许设置深度参数

224
00:11:52,400 --> 00:11:55,850
比如镜头灵敏度、摇杆死区等

225
00:11:55,850 --> 00:11:58,770
外加辅助瞄准和自动锁定

226
00:11:58,770 --> 00:12:00,870
帮你选中目标

227
00:12:00,870 --> 00:12:02,770
《末日之旅》也值得一提

228
00:12:02,770 --> 00:12:05,920
整个游戏可以只需一只鼠标

229
00:12:05,920 --> 00:12:07,600
或一只手柄

230
00:12:07,600 --> 00:12:09,450
或一副键盘

231
00:12:09,450 --> 00:12:14,870
这些选项会让游戏为更多玩家敞开大门

232
00:12:15,350 --> 00:12:17,850
但今年做得最好的

233
00:12:17,850 --> 00:12:19,300
是《战争机器5》

234
00:12:19,300 --> 00:12:21,320
通过按键重映射

235
00:12:21,320 --> 00:12:24,520
让镜头紧随角色身后

236
00:12:24,520 --> 00:12:28,250
以及开镜时用左摇杆瞄准的选项

237
00:12:28,250 --> 00:12:30,980
你基本上能单手操作

238
00:12:30,980 --> 00:12:32,370
难，但可能

239
00:12:32,370 --> 00:12:35,750
拜其丰富的辅助选项所赐

240
00:12:35,750 --> 00:12:38,300
《宝可梦：剑/盾》也值得一提

241
00:12:38,300 --> 00:12:39,970
它休闲的操控方案

242
00:12:39,970 --> 00:12:43,570
将所有重要按键映射到一个Switch Joy-Con上

243
00:12:43,570 --> 00:12:46,570
让单手游戏成为可能

244
00:12:46,570 --> 00:12:49,870
这个贴心设计颇受欢迎

245
00:12:49,870 --> 00:12:53,920
因为前作《精灵宝可梦Let's Go！》的体感超难用

246
00:12:53,920 --> 00:12:58,420
逼着玩家用又蠢又笨的姿势去扔精灵球

247
00:12:59,300 --> 00:13:00,920
“单击”也很关键

248
00:13:00,920 --> 00:13:03,520
比如《除暴战警3》的“锁定模式”选项

249
00:13:03,520 --> 00:13:07,370
《无主之地3》中有关瞄准、冲刺和蹲伏的选项

250
00:13:07,370 --> 00:13:09,200
还有《耀西的手工世界》里

251
00:13:09,200 --> 00:13:11,870
该如何投掷蛋的设定

252
00:13:11,870 --> 00:13:15,570
都是关于要“单击”还是“长按”瞄准按钮

253
00:13:15,570 --> 00:13:19,800
这样玩家就有办法避免长时间按键不放

254
00:13:19,800 --> 00:13:23,050
让某些运动障碍者也能畅玩

255
00:13:23,050 --> 00:13:26,170
但并非每款游戏都明白这点

256
00:13:26,170 --> 00:13:29,470
《鬼泣5》要求你长按锁定键

257
00:13:29,470 --> 00:13:34,850
《团队索尼克赛车》没有《马力欧赛车8豪华版》的自动驾驶功能

258
00:13:34,850 --> 00:13:39,300
如今大多数游戏都允许禁用这些“快速点击”QTE

259
00:13:39,300 --> 00:13:43,250
但《星球大战绝地：殒落的武士团》不行

260
00:13:43,250 --> 00:13:47,250
难度设置

261
00:13:47,250 --> 00:13:51,320
最后，我们花点时间谈谈游戏的难度设置

262
00:13:51,350 --> 00:13:53,350
提供更宽容的难度等级

263
00:13:53,350 --> 00:13:56,900
能让残障玩家更从容地应对挑战

264
00:13:56,900 --> 00:14:01,550
也能让技术水平各异的玩家享受游戏

265
00:14:01,550 --> 00:14:05,900
今年我们看到许多游戏设有多个难度等级

266
00:14:05,900 --> 00:14:09,300
这些难度的叫法也更高明

267
00:14:09,300 --> 00:14:12,550
它们不再揶揄简单模式玩家

268
00:14:12,550 --> 00:14:15,550
这些游戏会问你是想所向披靡

269
00:14:15,550 --> 00:14:18,270
或者只看剧情

270
00:14:18,270 --> 00:14:22,900
而且大多把各难度的详细设定写得清清楚楚

271
00:14:22,900 --> 00:14:26,720
比如《异界锁链》的“守护”模式会帮你打出高难度连击

272
00:14:26,720 --> 00:14:28,450
但最后不列入评价

273
00:14:28,450 --> 00:14:32,720
《生化危机2》的辅助模式会自动恢复玩家血量

274
00:14:32,720 --> 00:14:36,820
有些开发者还会标出哪种模式才是游戏的默认难度

275
00:14:36,820 --> 00:14:38,390
这点很棒

276
00:14:38,390 --> 00:14:42,270
任天堂《超级马力欧创作家2》也加入了辅助模式

277
00:14:42,270 --> 00:14:45,420
它会奉上一组砖块和道具

278
00:14:45,420 --> 00:14:47,970
让你借助这些砖块道具来通关

279
00:14:47,970 --> 00:14:52,420
而“飞行的耀西”模式让你能一路飞过关卡

280
00:14:52,420 --> 00:14:55,120
非常适合小朋友玩家

281
00:14:55,450 --> 00:14:58,650
Switch上还有一款Roguelike节奏动作游戏

282
00:14:58,650 --> 00:15:00,100
《节奏海拉鲁》

283
00:15:00,100 --> 00:15:04,350
它要求玩家踩着节拍移动

284
00:15:04,350 --> 00:15:08,350
我不知道没节奏感算不算残障，但是

285
00:15:08,350 --> 00:15:11,970
我个人非常欣赏它的“固定节拍模式”

286
00:15:11,970 --> 00:15:15,920
你大可忽略音乐节奏自行移动

287
00:15:16,770 --> 00:15:19,570
但《只狼：影逝二度》除外

288
00:15:19,570 --> 00:15:21,250
对，你懂的

289
00:15:21,250 --> 00:15:25,750
虽然我不想重复游戏刚发布时网上的各种议论

290
00:15:25,750 --> 00:15:28,150
因为已经有太多文章

291
00:15:28,150 --> 00:15:28,800
视频

292
00:15:28,800 --> 00:15:30,310
和大量推文

293
00:15:30,320 --> 00:15:32,620
关于它是否该有“简单模式”

294
00:15:32,620 --> 00:15:37,470
但我想说，相比以难度著称的“黑暗之魂”和《血源诅咒》

295
00:15:37,470 --> 00:15:40,670
From Software这款新作其实更让人受苦

296
00:15:40,670 --> 00:15:43,350
因为它去掉了一些关键机制，例如

297
00:15:43,350 --> 00:15:45,420
角色升级

298
00:15:45,420 --> 00:15:48,880
或打Boss时请朋友来帮忙

299
00:15:48,880 --> 00:15:51,620
《只狼》其实也有些辅助选项

300
00:15:51,620 --> 00:15:54,300
比如全按键重映射和单击选项

301
00:15:54,300 --> 00:15:57,970
但这些都不会让游戏更轻松

302
00:15:57,970 --> 00:16:00,650
我觉得舆论之所以针对《只狼》

303
00:16:00,650 --> 00:16:06,220
是因为现在开发者都在努力打造更平易近人的游戏

304
00:16:06,220 --> 00:16:09,500
他们通常提供完整的可选辅助项

305
00:16:09,500 --> 00:16:13,920
同时不影响健全玩家和硬核玩家的体验

306
00:16:13,920 --> 00:16:16,100
这并不是说它们都已完美

307
00:16:16,130 --> 00:16:20,350
很明显游戏界在无障碍设计上还有长路要走

308
00:16:20,350 --> 00:16:23,320
还有各种疏忽，比如字体过小

309
00:16:23,320 --> 00:16:25,370
拒绝色盲玩家的机制

310
00:16:25,370 --> 00:16:30,970
以及如果大幅增加《无主之地3》的UI尺寸和字幕字号

311
00:16:30,970 --> 00:16:33,620
文本就会溢出屏幕的荒唐效果

312
00:16:33,620 --> 00:16:34,570
噢

313
00:16:34,570 --> 00:16:38,870
尤其让人恼火的是一些游戏某方面进步明显

314
00:16:38,870 --> 00:16:40,470
另一方面却差强人意

315
00:16:40,470 --> 00:16:43,120
比如《控制》的字幕够大

316
00:16:43,120 --> 00:16:44,950
UI文字却很小

317
00:16:44,950 --> 00:16:47,770
有些开发商无法保持一致水准

318
00:16:47,770 --> 00:16:51,000
最出名的是任天堂，它某些游戏选项贴心

319
00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:53,670
某些却选项全无

320
00:16:53,670 --> 00:16:55,570
此外有不少游戏

321
00:16:55,570 --> 00:17:02,500
发布数月后才把重要的辅助选项作为补丁添加到游戏里

322
00:17:02,500 --> 00:17:04,170
虽说聊胜于无

323
00:17:04,170 --> 00:17:10,200
但让某些残障玩家等上数月才能玩上索尼大作，真不好看

324
00:17:10,200 --> 00:17:12,220
比如《往日不再》

325
00:17:12,220 --> 00:17:13,150
话虽如此

326
00:17:13,150 --> 00:17:18,120
我还是对2019年的业界变化感到欣慰

327
00:17:18,120 --> 00:17:21,850
育碧依然是这方面的行业领军人物

328
00:17:21,850 --> 00:17:24,820
优秀的无障碍设计涵盖《孤岛惊魂：新曙光》

329
00:17:24,820 --> 00:17:25,820
《全境封锁2》

330
00:17:25,820 --> 00:17:27,450
和《幽灵行动：断点》

331
00:17:27,450 --> 00:17:29,420
微软也做得不错

332
00:17:29,420 --> 00:17:32,120
《战争机器5》有海量选项

333
00:17:32,120 --> 00:17:33,620
从色盲模式

334
00:17:33,620 --> 00:17:35,000
到按键重映射

335
00:17:35,000 --> 00:17:36,120
从按键单击

336
00:17:36,120 --> 00:17:37,650
到血腥和粗口过滤

337
00:17:37,650 --> 00:17:40,920
使其成为今年功能最齐全的游戏之一

338
00:17:40,920 --> 00:17:42,570
Respawn也很用心

339
00:17:42,570 --> 00:17:47,500
《Apex英雄》和《星球大战绝地：殒落的武士团》都有出色选项

340
00:17:47,500 --> 00:17:50,050
《无主之地3》也有很多贴心选项

341
00:17:50,050 --> 00:17:53,500
对于一个曾在这方面名声不佳的系列而言，是件好事

342
00:17:53,500 --> 00:17:58,070
《末日之旅》和《鹰之岛》辅助功能丰富

343
00:17:58,070 --> 00:18:01,070
哪怕是独立小团队制作

344
00:18:01,070 --> 00:18:03,750
而超有挑战性的硬核游戏

345
00:18:03,750 --> 00:18:06,650
如《鬼泣5》和《异界锁链》

346
00:18:06,650 --> 00:18:08,170
希望人人都能玩

347
00:18:08,170 --> 00:18:10,170
所以提供了练习区域

348
00:18:10,170 --> 00:18:11,200
连击辅助

349
00:18:11,200 --> 00:18:13,050
和简单难度

350
00:18:13,050 --> 00:18:16,750
但那些寻求挑战的玩家也不失乐趣

351
00:18:16,750 --> 00:18:17,800
最重要的是

352
00:18:17,800 --> 00:18:21,660
今年几乎所有大作

353
00:18:21,660 --> 00:18:24,350
都包含一定的辅助选项

354
00:18:24,350 --> 00:18:27,000
或完整的辅助菜单

355
00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:29,270
各大厂商如微软

356
00:18:29,270 --> 00:18:30,000
育碧

357
00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:30,870
和EA

358
00:18:30,870 --> 00:18:34,570
都在网上公示旗下游戏的无障碍设计信息

359
00:18:34,570 --> 00:18:37,620
供玩家购买时参详

360
00:18:37,620 --> 00:18:43,920
微软在今年超级碗投放了“Xbox自适应手柄”广告

361
00:18:43,920 --> 00:18:48,000
聋哑人Ewok加入《堡垒之夜》FaZe Clan战队

362
00:18:48,000 --> 00:18:52,920
她一路破关斩将，全因游戏巧妙的声音可视化功能

363
00:18:52,920 --> 00:18:55,350
因为电子游戏属于每个人

364
00:18:55,350 --> 00:19:00,120
只要开发者提供一些额外选项就行

365
00:19:01,350 --> 00:19:03,370
嘿，感谢收看

366
00:19:03,370 --> 00:19:07,320
掌声送给无障碍设计专家Ian Hamilton

367
00:19:07,320 --> 00:19:09,870
感谢他的帮助与智慧

368
00:19:09,870 --> 00:19:13,750
这也许是我成本最高的一期节目

369
00:19:13,750 --> 00:19:16,660
只是为了谈… 辅助选项？

370
00:19:16,660 --> 00:19:17,950
我是不是傻了？

371
00:19:17,950 --> 00:19:21,920
但这一切都归功于GMTK的支持者们

372
00:19:21,920 --> 00:19:23,470
他们在Patreon上赞助

373
00:19:23,470 --> 00:19:26,650
或在Teespring商店买GMTK纪念装

374
00:19:26,650 --> 00:19:30,100
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