WEBVTT 00:00:00.103 --> 00:00:03.256 "Impressionant." "Oh mon Dieu, regardez moi ça." 00:00:03.733 --> 00:00:05.744 "Je n'en crois pas mes yeux !" 00:00:05.431 --> 00:00:08.466 "Ouh ! Ça stimule bien mon économie tout ça !" 00:00:28.066 --> 00:00:30.815 À la fin des années 90, le développeur Rare cherchait à reproduire 00:00:30.815 --> 00:00:33.734 le succès de leur jeu de tir mythique de 1997 : Golden Eye, 00:00:33.734 --> 00:00:36.305 tout en ne produisant pas un second jeu James Bond. 00:00:36.305 --> 00:00:39.125 Ils commencèrent donc à travailler sur un thriller de science fiction et d'espionnage 00:00:39.125 --> 00:00:40.560 nommé Perfect Dark. 00:00:40.560 --> 00:00:41.855 Pour la star du jeu, 00:00:41.855 --> 00:00:43.772 ils voulaient créer un nouveau genre percutant d'agent spécial 00:00:43.772 --> 00:00:45.835 qui ne se contenterait pas de vivre dans l'ombre de James Bond. 00:00:45.835 --> 00:00:47.598 Ils s'inspirèrent alors de personnages 00:00:47.598 --> 00:00:50.054 allant de Jeanne d'Arc à Dana Scully, d'X-files. 00:00:50.054 --> 00:00:52.334 Elle fut appelée Joanna Dark. 00:00:52.334 --> 00:00:55.172 Quelques années plus tôt, Lara Croft, crée par Eidos Interactive 00:00:55.172 --> 00:00:57.090 était rapidement devenue l'un des plus célèbres 00:00:57.090 --> 00:00:59.427 et reconnaissable personnage de jeux vidéos de tous les temps. 00:00:59.427 --> 00:01:01.515 Il était donc logique de penser qu'un jeu d'action 00:01:01.515 --> 00:01:04.153 avec une personnage féminin avait le potentiel de devenir un hit retentissant. 00:01:04.153 --> 00:01:06.530 Hélas, Joanne Dark n'atteint jamais les niveaux 00:01:06.530 --> 00:01:08.285 de célébrité occupés par Lara Croft. 00:01:08.285 --> 00:01:10.533 Mais Perfect Dark fut tout de même un succès. 00:01:10.533 --> 00:01:12.586 Regardons maintenant une publicité pour le jeu : 00:01:13.586 --> 00:01:15.821 "Bienvenue en 2023, 00:01:17.931 --> 00:01:21.118 Des grandes entreprises se mêlent à des nations aliens. 00:01:23.878 --> 00:01:26.991 Une guerre ancienne se déroule sous la mer. 00:01:28.961 --> 00:01:32.049 Le président est sur le point d'être cloné. 00:01:33.609 --> 00:01:36.509 Et c'est vôtre travail de tenter de sauver le monde. 00:01:38.679 --> 00:01:41.401 Mais avant, vous avez une important décision à prendre : 00:01:43.021 --> 00:01:45.740 Qu'est ce que voulez allez porter pour travailler ? 00:01:47.010 --> 00:01:51.071 Les créateurs de Golden Eye sur N64 00:01:51.071 --> 00:01:55.780 vous présentez l'agent spécial Joanna Dark, dans Perfect Dark, 00:01:55.780 --> 00:01:59.971 dans lequel vous découvrirez que la seule personne suffisamment masculine 00:01:59.971 --> 00:02:01.487 pour gérer un travail comme celui là... 00:02:02.987 --> 00:02:05.056 est une femme." 00:02:06.696 --> 00:02:08.516 Est-ce que vous imaginez une publicité exactement similaire, 00:02:08.516 --> 00:02:10.554 mais seulement avec Marcus Fenix, ou Master Chief, 00:02:10.554 --> 00:02:12.142 sortant du lit nu, 00:02:12.142 --> 00:02:14.048 prenant une douche sexy en slow-motion, 00:02:14.048 --> 00:02:15.364 mettant un sous-vêtement sexy, 00:02:15.364 --> 00:02:16.651 pendant que le narrateur nous annonce 00:02:16.651 --> 00:02:18.098 qu'il a une importante décision à faire 00:02:18.098 --> 00:02:19.619 que va t'il porter pour travailler ? NOTE Paragraph 00:02:21.019 --> 00:02:22.775 "Bienvenue en 2016. 00:02:22.775 --> 00:02:26.807 Une guerre se déroule...quelque part. 00:02:26.807 --> 00:02:29.117 Vous n'êtes pas sur d'où, exactement. 00:02:29.117 --> 00:02:31.081 Enfin bon, ce qui est important, c'est que 00:02:31.081 --> 00:02:34.352 vous êtes l'agent spécial Jake Grimshadow. 00:02:34.352 --> 00:02:37.089 C'est à vous de sauver le monde. 00:02:37.364 --> 00:02:41.697 La seule question est : Mais qu'est ce qui vous allez porter ? 00:02:41.697 --> 00:02:43.690 ...ATTENDEZ...QUOI ?? 00:02:45.490 --> 00:02:47.015 Une publicité comme celle ci n'arriverait jamais, 00:02:47.015 --> 00:02:48.219 et ne devrait jamais arriver. 00:02:48.219 --> 00:02:49.846 Mais Joanna est traitée différemment, 00:02:49.846 --> 00:02:51.127 de ses homologues masculins. 00:02:51.127 --> 00:02:53.592 Bien que Perfect Dark est un jeu de tir à la 1ère personne 00:02:53.592 --> 00:02:56.498 et donc on ne la voit que rarement dans le jeu en lui même, 00:02:56.498 --> 00:02:58.597 en se focalisant sur la manière dont elle s'habille, 00:02:58.597 --> 00:03:00.809 cette publicité encourageait les joueurs à penser que l'attrait de Joanna 00:03:00.809 --> 00:03:02.850 était lié au désir qu'elle succitait 00:03:02.850 --> 00:03:04.979 plutôt que ses compétences en tant qu'agent spécial. 00:03:04.979 --> 00:03:07.860 Les vêtements d'un personnage sont parmi les premières choses que nous remarquons. 00:03:07.860 --> 00:03:09.998 Ils sont une part importante de notre première impression 00:03:09.998 --> 00:03:12.189 d'un personnage, et en tant que tel 00:03:12.189 --> 00:03:13.768 sont pour les designers une manière 00:03:13.768 --> 00:03:15.337 de communiquer immédiatement aux joueurs 00:03:15.337 --> 00:03:17.478 ce qui est le plus important et mémorable chez eux. 00:03:17.478 --> 00:03:20.236 Les héroïnes féminines dans les jeux vidéos peuvent être des agents spéciaux 00:03:20.236 --> 00:03:22.480 des soldats ou des chasseuses de trésors. 00:03:22.480 --> 00:03:24.520 Elles se retrouvent souvent au cœur du danger, 00:03:24.520 --> 00:03:26.225 dans des situations physiquement éprouvantes, 00:03:26.225 --> 00:03:28.046 combattant des méchants et sauvant le monde. 00:03:28.046 --> 00:03:30.376 Elles sont dans des situations appelant à 00:03:30.376 --> 00:03:32.531 porter des vêtements pratiques, protecteurs. 00:03:32.531 --> 00:03:34.064 Mais lorsque que nous regardons le type de vêtements 00:03:34.064 --> 00:03:36.212 que les personnages féminins portent, 00:03:36.212 --> 00:03:37.923 nous constatons qu'ils sont souvent 00:03:37.923 --> 00:03:39.831 à la fois sexualisés et absurdes. 00:03:39.831 --> 00:03:42.692 00:03:42.692 --> 00:03:44.142 00:03:44.142 --> 00:03:46.055 00:03:46.055 --> 00:03:47.616 00:03:47.616 --> 00:03:50.502 00:03:50.502 --> 00:03:52.285 00:03:53.195 --> 00:03:54.443 00:03:54.443 --> 00:03:56.639 00:03:56.639 --> 00:03:58.479 00:03:58.479 --> 00:03:59.751 00:03:59.751 --> 00:04:01.905 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