1 00:00:00,103 --> 00:00:03,256 "Impressionant." "Oh mon Dieu, regardez moi ça." 2 00:00:03,733 --> 00:00:05,744 "Je n'en crois pas mes yeux !" 3 00:00:05,431 --> 00:00:08,466 "Ouh ! Ça stimule bien mon économie tout ça !" 4 00:00:28,066 --> 00:00:30,815 À la fin des années 90, le développeur Rare cherchait à reproduire 5 00:00:30,815 --> 00:00:33,734 le succès de leur jeu de tir mythique de 1997 : Golden Eye, 6 00:00:33,734 --> 00:00:36,305 tout en ne produisant pas un second jeu James Bond. 7 00:00:36,305 --> 00:00:39,125 Ils commencèrent donc à travailler sur un thriller de science fiction et d'espionnage 8 00:00:39,125 --> 00:00:40,560 nommé Perfect Dark. 9 00:00:40,560 --> 00:00:41,855 Pour la star du jeu, 10 00:00:41,855 --> 00:00:43,772 ils voulaient créer un nouveau genre percutant d'agent spécial 11 00:00:43,772 --> 00:00:45,835 qui ne se contenterait pas de vivre dans l'ombre de James Bond. 12 00:00:45,835 --> 00:00:47,598 Ils s'inspirèrent alors de personnages 13 00:00:47,598 --> 00:00:50,054 allant de Jeanne d'Arc à Dana Scully, d'X-files. 14 00:00:50,054 --> 00:00:52,334 Elle fut appelée Joanna Dark. 15 00:00:52,334 --> 00:00:55,172 Quelques années plus tôt, Lara Croft, crée par Eidos Interactive 16 00:00:55,172 --> 00:00:57,090 était rapidement devenue l'un des plus célèbres 17 00:00:57,090 --> 00:00:59,427 et reconnaissable personnage de jeux vidéos de tous les temps. 18 00:00:59,427 --> 00:01:01,515 Il était donc logique de penser qu'un jeu d'action 19 00:01:01,515 --> 00:01:04,153 avec une personnage féminin avait le potentiel de devenir un hit retentissant. 20 00:01:04,153 --> 00:01:06,530 Hélas, Joanne Dark n'atteint jamais les niveaux 21 00:01:06,530 --> 00:01:08,285 de célébrité occupés par Lara Croft. 22 00:01:08,285 --> 00:01:10,533 Mais Perfect Dark fut tout de même un succès. 23 00:01:10,533 --> 00:01:12,586 Regardons maintenant une publicité pour le jeu : 24 00:01:13,586 --> 00:01:15,821 "Bienvenue en 2023, 25 00:01:17,931 --> 00:01:21,118 Des grandes entreprises se mêlent à des nations aliens. 26 00:01:23,878 --> 00:01:26,991 Une guerre ancienne se déroule sous la mer. 27 00:01:28,961 --> 00:01:32,049 Le président est sur le point d'être cloné. 28 00:01:33,609 --> 00:01:36,509 Et c'est vôtre travail de tenter de sauver le monde. 29 00:01:38,679 --> 00:01:41,401 Mais avant, vous avez une important décision à prendre : 30 00:01:43,021 --> 00:01:45,740 Qu'est ce que voulez allez porter pour travailler ? 31 00:01:47,010 --> 00:01:51,071 Les créateurs de Golden Eye sur N64 32 00:01:51,071 --> 00:01:55,780 vous présentez l'agent spécial Joanna Dark, dans Perfect Dark, 33 00:01:55,780 --> 00:01:59,971 dans lequel vous découvrirez que la seule personne suffisamment masculine 34 00:01:59,971 --> 00:02:01,487 pour gérer un travail comme celui là... 35 00:02:02,987 --> 00:02:05,056 est une femme." 36 00:02:06,696 --> 00:02:08,516 Est-ce que vous imaginez une publicité exactement similaire, 37 00:02:08,516 --> 00:02:10,554 mais seulement avec Marcus Fenix, ou Master Chief, 38 00:02:10,554 --> 00:02:12,142 sortant du lit nu, 39 00:02:12,142 --> 00:02:14,048 prenant une douche sexy en slow-motion, 40 00:02:14,048 --> 00:02:15,364 mettant un sous-vêtement sexy, 41 00:02:15,364 --> 00:02:16,651 pendant que le narrateur nous annonce 42 00:02:16,651 --> 00:02:18,098 qu'il a une importante décision à faire 43 00:02:18,098 --> 00:02:19,619 que va t'il porter pour travailler ? 44 00:02:21,019 --> 00:02:22,775 "Bienvenue en 2016. 45 00:02:22,775 --> 00:02:26,807 Une guerre se déroule...quelque part. 46 00:02:26,807 --> 00:02:29,117 Vous n'êtes pas sur d'où, exactement. 47 00:02:29,117 --> 00:02:31,081 Enfin bon, ce qui est important, c'est que 48 00:02:31,081 --> 00:02:34,352 vous êtes l'agent spécial Jake Grimshadow. 49 00:02:34,352 --> 00:02:37,089 C'est à vous de sauver le monde. 50 00:02:37,364 --> 00:02:41,697 La seule question est : Mais qu'est ce qui vous allez porter ? 51 00:02:41,697 --> 00:02:43,690 ...ATTENDEZ...QUOI ?? 52 00:02:45,490 --> 00:02:47,015 Une publicité comme celle ci n'arriverait jamais, 53 00:02:47,015 --> 00:02:48,219 et ne devrait jamais arriver. 54 00:02:48,219 --> 00:02:49,846 Mais Joanna est traitée différemment, 55 00:02:49,846 --> 00:02:51,127 de ses homologues masculins. 56 00:02:51,127 --> 00:02:53,592 Bien que Perfect Dark est un jeu de tir à la 1ère personne 57 00:02:53,592 --> 00:02:56,498 et donc on ne la voit que rarement dans le jeu en lui même, 58 00:02:56,498 --> 00:02:58,597 en se focalisant sur la manière dont elle s'habille, 59 00:02:58,597 --> 00:03:00,809 cette publicité encourageait les joueurs à penser que l'attrait de Joanna 60 00:03:00,809 --> 00:03:02,850 était lié au désir qu'elle succitait 61 00:03:02,850 --> 00:03:04,979 plutôt que ses compétences en tant qu'agent spécial. 62 00:03:04,979 --> 00:03:07,860 Les vêtements d'un personnage sont parmi les premières choses que nous remarquons. 63 00:03:07,860 --> 00:03:09,998 Ils sont une part importante de notre première impression 64 00:03:09,998 --> 00:03:12,189 d'un personnage, et en tant que tel 65 00:03:12,189 --> 00:03:13,768 sont pour les designers une manière 66 00:03:13,768 --> 00:03:15,337 de communiquer immédiatement aux joueurs 67 00:03:15,337 --> 00:03:17,478 ce qui est le plus important et mémorable chez eux. 68 00:03:17,478 --> 00:03:20,236 Les héroïnes féminines dans les jeux vidéos peuvent être des agents spéciaux 69 00:03:20,236 --> 00:03:22,480 des soldats ou des chasseuses de trésors. 70 00:03:22,480 --> 00:03:24,520 Elles se retrouvent souvent au cœur du danger, 71 00:03:24,520 --> 00:03:26,225 dans des situations physiquement éprouvantes, 72 00:03:26,225 --> 00:03:28,046 combattant des méchants et sauvant le monde. 73 00:03:28,046 --> 00:03:30,376 Elles sont dans des situations appelant à 74 00:03:30,376 --> 00:03:32,531 porter des vêtements pratiques, protecteurs. 75 00:03:32,531 --> 00:03:34,064 Mais lorsque que nous regardons le type de vêtements 76 00:03:34,064 --> 00:03:36,212 que les personnages féminins portent, 77 00:03:36,212 --> 00:03:37,923 nous constatons qu'ils sont souvent 78 00:03:37,923 --> 00:03:39,831 à la fois sexualisés et absurdes. 79 00:03:39,831 --> 00:03:42,692 80 00:03:42,692 --> 00:03:44,142 81 00:03:44,142 --> 00:03:46,055 82 00:03:46,055 --> 00:03:47,616 83 00:03:47,616 --> 00:03:50,502 84 00:03:50,502 --> 00:03:52,285 85 00:03:53,195 --> 00:03:54,443 86 00:03:54,443 --> 00:03:56,639 87 00:03:56,639 --> 00:03:58,479 88 00:03:58,479 --> 00:03:59,751 89 00:03:59,751 --> 00:04:01,905 90 00:04:04,015 --> 00:04:06,158 91 00:04:06,158 --> 00:04:09,559 92 00:04:09,559 --> 00:04:12,621 93 00:04:12,621 --> 00:04:14,637 94 00:04:14,637 --> 00:04:17,528 95 00:04:17,528 --> 00:04:20,115 96 00:04:20,115 --> 00:04:21,634 97 00:04:21,634 --> 00:04:25,398 98 00:04:26,238 --> 00:04:27,386 99 00:04:31,206 --> 00:04:33,580 100 00:04:37,100 --> 00:04:39,151 101 00:04:40,871 --> 00:04:42,110 102 00:04:42,110 --> 00:04:44,752 103 00:04:44,752 --> 00:04:46,292 104 00:04:46,475 --> 00:04:49,450 105 00:04:49,450 --> 00:04:51,438 106 00:04:51,438 --> 00:04:52,194 107 00:04:52,194 --> 00:04:53,240 108 00:04:53,240 --> 00:04:55,179 109 00:04:55,179 --> 00:04:58,079 110 00:04:58,079 --> 00:04:59,611 111 00:04:59,611 --> 00:05:02,342 112 00:05:02,342 --> 00:05:04,880 113 00:05:04,880 --> 00:05:06,762 114 00:05:06,762 --> 00:05:08,415 115 00:05:08,415 --> 00:05:10,219 116 00:05:10,219 --> 00:05:12,940 117 00:05:18,940 --> 00:05:20,548 118 00:05:20,548 --> 00:05:22,803 119 00:05:22,803 --> 00:05:25,316 120 00:05:25,316 --> 00:05:27,913 121 00:05:27,913 --> 00:05:30,385 122 00:05:30,385 --> 00:05:32,394 123 00:05:32,394 --> 00:05:33,981 124 00:05:33,981 --> 00:05:36,098 125 00:05:36,098 --> 00:05:38,138 126 00:05:38,138 --> 00:05:41,527 127 00:05:41,527 --> 00:05:43,878 128 00:05:43,878 --> 00:05:46,770 129 00:05:46,770 --> 00:05:48,846 130 00:05:48,846 --> 00:05:50,890 131 00:05:50,890 --> 00:05:53,535 132 00:05:53,535 --> 00:05:55,076 133 00:05:55,076 --> 00:05:56,869 134 00:05:56,869 --> 00:05:59,070 135 00:05:59,070 --> 00:06:00,536 136 00:06:00,536 --> 00:06:02,032 137 00:06:02,032 --> 00:06:03,768 138 00:06:03,768 --> 00:06:05,488 139 00:06:05,488 --> 00:06:07,033 140 00:06:07,033 --> 00:06:08,310 141 00:06:08,310 --> 00:06:10,623 142 00:06:10,623 --> 00:06:13,518 143 00:06:13,518 --> 00:06:15,489 144 00:06:15,489 --> 00:06:17,641 145 00:06:17,641 --> 00:06:20,118 146 00:06:20,118 --> 00:06:21,935 147 00:06:21,935 --> 00:06:24,148 148 00:06:24,148 --> 00:06:25,331 149 00:06:25,331 --> 00:06:26,897 150 00:06:26,897 --> 00:06:28,714 151 00:06:28,714 --> 00:06:31,020 152 00:06:31,020 --> 00:06:33,553 153 00:06:33,553 --> 00:06:35,820 154 00:06:35,820 --> 00:06:37,828 155 00:06:37,828 --> 00:06:40,645 156 00:06:44,612 --> 00:06:46,262 157 00:06:46,262 --> 00:06:48,381 158 00:06:48,381 --> 00:06:50,151 159 00:06:50,151 --> 00:06:51,560 160 00:06:51,560 --> 00:06:53,235 161 00:06:53,235 --> 00:06:55,053 162 00:06:55,053 --> 00:06:57,368 163 00:06:57,368 --> 00:06:59,159 164 00:06:59,159 --> 00:07:01,092 165 00:07:01,092 --> 00:07:03,781 166 00:07:03,781 --> 00:07:06,436 167 00:07:06,436 --> 00:07:09,426 168 00:07:09,426 --> 00:07:11,420 169 00:07:11,420 --> 00:07:13,292 170 00:07:13,292 --> 00:07:15,314 171 00:07:15,314 --> 00:07:17,082 172 00:07:17,082 --> 00:07:18,938 173 00:07:18,938 --> 00:07:20,491 174 00:07:20,491 --> 00:07:24,219 175 00:07:24,219 --> 00:07:26,019 176 00:07:26,019 --> 00:07:28,909 177 00:07:29,161 --> 00:07:31,820 178 00:07:31,820 --> 00:07:35,283 179 00:07:35,283 --> 00:07:38,109 180 00:07:38,109 --> 00:07:40,796 181 00:07:40,796 --> 00:07:43,707 182 00:07:43,707 --> 00:07:48,191 183 00:07:48,191 --> 00:07:50,458 184 00:07:50,458 --> 00:07:52,502 185 00:07:52,502 --> 00:07:55,266 186 00:07:55,266 --> 00:07:57,392 187 00:07:57,392 --> 00:07:59,642 188 00:07:59,642 --> 00:08:01,666 189 00:08:01,666 --> 00:08:04,320 190 00:08:04,320 --> 00:08:06,439 191 00:08:06,439 --> 00:08:09,648 192 00:08:09,648 --> 00:08:12,044 193 00:08:12,044 --> 00:08:13,545 194 00:08:13,545 --> 00:08:15,506 195 00:08:15,506 --> 00:08:17,940 196 00:08:17,940 --> 00:08:19,736 197 00:08:19,736 --> 00:08:22,668 198 00:08:22,668 --> 00:08:24,615 199 00:08:24,615 --> 00:08:26,596 200 00:08:26,596 --> 00:08:28,147 201 00:08:28,147 --> 00:08:30,606 202 00:08:30,606 --> 00:08:33,353 203 00:08:33,353 --> 00:08:35,625 204 00:08:35,625 --> 00:08:37,319 205 00:08:37,319 --> 00:08:39,713 206 00:08:39,713 --> 00:08:42,519 207 00:08:42,519 --> 00:08:44,003 208 00:08:44,003 --> 00:08:46,216 209 00:08:46,216 --> 00:08:48,270 210 00:08:48,270 --> 00:08:50,649 211 00:08:50,649 --> 00:08:53,046 212 00:08:53,046 --> 00:08:55,140 213 00:08:55,140 --> 00:08:57,203 214 00:08:57,203 --> 00:08:59,214 215 00:08:59,214 --> 00:09:01,692 216 00:09:01,692 --> 00:09:03,730 217 00:09:03,730 --> 00:09:05,495 218 00:09:05,495 --> 00:09:07,836 219 00:09:07,836 --> 00:09:10,226 220 00:09:10,226 --> 00:09:11,280 221 00:09:11,280 --> 00:09:13,372 222 00:09:13,372 --> 00:09:14,890 223 00:09:14,890 --> 00:09:17,068 224 00:09:17,068 --> 00:09:20,328 225 00:09:20,328 --> 00:09:22,857 226 00:09:22,857 --> 00:09:24,654 227 00:09:24,654 --> 00:09:26,941 228 00:09:26,941 --> 00:09:29,674 229 00:09:29,674 --> 00:09:31,433 230 00:09:31,433 --> 00:09:33,065 231 00:09:33,065 --> 00:09:35,107 232 00:09:35,107 --> 00:09:37,570 233 00:09:38,610 --> 00:09:41,481 234 00:09:41,481 --> 00:09:43,964 235 00:09:43,964 --> 00:09:45,745 236 00:09:45,745 --> 00:09:47,323 237 00:09:47,323 --> 00:09:49,503 238 00:09:49,503 --> 00:09:51,284 239 00:09:51,284 --> 00:09:53,248 240 00:09:53,248 --> 00:09:55,068 241 00:09:55,068 --> 00:09:56,498 242 00:09:56,498 --> 00:09:58,187 243 00:09:58,187 --> 00:10:00,713 244 00:10:00,713 --> 00:10:03,126 245 00:10:03,126 --> 00:10:05,543 246 00:10:05,543 --> 00:10:07,669 247 00:10:07,669 --> 00:10:10,414 248 00:10:10,414 --> 00:10:12,272 249 00:10:12,272 --> 00:10:15,286 250 00:10:16,326 --> 00:10:18,614 251 00:10:21,489 --> 00:10:23,612 252 00:10:23,612 --> 00:10:26,417 253 00:10:26,417 --> 00:10:30,027 254 00:10:30,027 --> 00:10:35,727 255 00:10:35,727 --> 00:10:37,374 256 00:10:39,014 --> 00:10:40,799 257 00:10:40,799 --> 00:10:42,555 258 00:10:44,015 --> 00:10:45,742 259 00:10:56,462 --> 00:11:00,015 260 00:11:06,255 --> 00:11:08,123 261 00:11:08,123 --> 00:11:11,270 262 00:11:14,510 --> 00:11:17,027 263 00:11:17,027 --> 00:11:18,790 264 00:11:21,080 --> 00:11:24,607 265 00:11:24,607 --> 00:11:26,388 266 00:11:26,388 --> 00:11:27,972 267 00:11:27,972 --> 00:11:29,377 268 00:11:29,377 --> 00:11:31,710 269 00:11:31,710 --> 00:11:35,475 270 00:11:35,475 --> 00:11:36,898 271 00:11:36,898 --> 00:11:38,710 272 00:11:38,710 --> 00:11:40,866 273 00:11:40,866 --> 00:11:42,915 274 00:11:42,915 --> 00:11:45,041 275 00:11:45,041 --> 00:11:46,492 276 00:11:46,492 --> 00:11:48,325 277 00:11:48,325 --> 00:11:49,613 278 00:11:49,613 --> 00:11:51,425 279 00:11:51,425 --> 00:11:53,715 280 00:11:53,715 --> 00:11:55,307 281 00:11:55,307 --> 00:11:57,321 282 00:11:57,321 --> 00:11:59,779 283 00:11:59,779 --> 00:12:01,111 284 00:12:01,111 --> 00:12:02,869 285 00:12:02,869 --> 00:12:04,919 286 00:12:04,919 --> 00:12:07,149 287 00:12:07,149 --> 00:12:08,675 288 00:12:08,675 --> 00:12:11,698 289 00:12:11,698 --> 00:12:13,741 290 00:12:13,741 --> 00:12:17,191 291 00:12:17,191 --> 00:12:18,941 292 00:12:18,941 --> 00:12:20,224 293 00:12:20,224 --> 00:12:22,210 294 00:12:22,210 --> 00:12:24,403 295 00:12:24,403 --> 00:12:25,661 296 00:12:25,661 --> 00:12:27,668 297 00:12:27,668 --> 00:12:29,618 298 00:12:29,618 --> 00:12:31,914 299 00:12:31,914 --> 00:12:34,459 300 00:12:34,459 --> 00:12:36,219 301 00:12:36,219 --> 00:12:38,433 302 00:12:41,353 --> 00:12:43,186 303 00:12:43,186 --> 00:12:45,673 304 00:12:45,673 --> 00:12:47,247 305 00:12:47,247 --> 00:12:50,154 306 00:12:50,154 --> 00:12:52,444 307 00:12:52,444 --> 00:12:54,162 308 00:12:54,162 --> 00:12:56,694 309 00:12:56,694 --> 00:12:58,743 310 00:12:58,743 --> 00:13:00,516 311 00:13:00,516 --> 00:13:02,858 312 00:13:02,858 --> 00:13:04,650 313 00:13:04,650 --> 00:13:07,017 314 00:13:07,017 --> 00:13:09,515 315 00:13:09,515 --> 00:13:11,995 316 00:13:11,995 --> 00:13:14,010 317 00:13:14,010 --> 00:13:15,941 318 00:13:15,941 --> 00:13:18,089 319 00:13:18,089 --> 00:13:21,387 320 00:13:24,477 --> 00:13:26,626 321 00:13:26,626 --> 00:13:28,812 322 00:13:28,812 --> 00:13:30,622 323 00:13:32,332 --> 00:13:34,852 324 00:13:34,852 --> 00:13:37,481 325 00:13:37,481 --> 00:13:39,010 326 00:13:39,010 --> 00:13:41,371 327 00:13:41,371 --> 00:13:43,493 328 00:13:43,493 --> 00:13:45,942 329 00:13:45,942 --> 00:13:48,209 330 00:13:48,209 --> 00:13:51,481 331 00:13:51,481 --> 00:13:54,314 332 00:13:54,314 --> 00:13:56,636 333 00:13:56,636 --> 00:13:59,020 334 00:13:59,020 --> 00:14:01,547 335 00:14:01,547 --> 00:14:04,232 336 00:14:04,232 --> 00:14:06,014 337 00:14:06,014 --> 00:14:08,106 338 00:14:08,106 --> 00:14:10,721 339 00:14:10,721 --> 00:14:12,510 340 00:14:12,510 --> 00:14:14,382 341 00:14:14,709 --> 00:14:17,379 342 00:14:17,379 --> 00:14:19,758 343 00:14:19,758 --> 00:14:21,625 344 00:14:21,625 --> 00:14:23,139 345 00:14:23,139 --> 00:14:25,160 346 00:14:25,160 --> 00:14:27,362 347 00:14:27,362 --> 00:14:29,246 348 00:14:29,246 --> 00:14:31,589 349 00:14:31,589 --> 00:14:34,182 350 00:14:34,182 --> 00:14:37,399 351 00:14:37,399 --> 00:14:38,926 352 00:14:38,926 --> 00:14:41,035 353 00:14:41,035 --> 00:14:43,244 354 00:14:48,844 --> 00:14:49,782 355 00:14:52,072 --> 00:14:53,465 356 00:14:53,465 --> 00:14:56,697 357 00:14:56,697 --> 00:14:59,789 358 00:14:59,789 --> 00:15:01,928 359 00:15:03,368 --> 00:15:05,251 360 00:15:06,021 --> 00:15:09,147 361 00:15:09,147 --> 00:15:14,859 362 00:15:14,859 --> 00:15:16,390 363 00:15:16,390 --> 00:15:18,933 364 00:15:18,933 --> 00:15:20,495 365 00:15:20,495 --> 00:15:23,208 366 00:15:23,208 --> 00:15:25,266 367 00:15:25,266 --> 00:15:27,842 368 00:15:27,842 --> 00:15:29,529 369 00:15:29,529 --> 00:15:31,658 370 00:15:31,658 --> 00:15:33,446 371 00:15:33,446 --> 00:15:36,364 372 00:15:36,364 --> 00:15:38,660 373 00:15:38,660 --> 00:15:40,660 374 00:15:40,660 --> 00:15:43,138 375 00:15:43,138 --> 00:15:44,932 376 00:15:44,932 --> 00:15:46,776 377 00:15:46,776 --> 00:15:51,195 378 00:15:51,195 --> 00:15:52,762 379 00:15:52,762 --> 00:15:55,494 380 00:15:55,494 --> 00:15:58,566 381 00:15:58,566 --> 00:16:01,053 382 00:16:01,053 --> 00:16:03,094 383 00:16:03,094 --> 00:16:05,535 384 00:16:05,535 --> 00:16:08,250 385 00:16:08,250 --> 00:16:09,786 386 00:16:09,786 --> 00:16:12,091 387 00:16:12,091 --> 00:16:14,387 388 00:16:14,387 --> 00:16:16,511 389 00:16:16,511 --> 00:16:17,881 390 00:16:17,881 --> 00:16:19,978 391 00:16:19,978 --> 00:16:22,356 392 00:16:22,356 --> 00:16:24,632