[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.52,0:00:04.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the reasons that's\Nmost cited as to a cause
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.88,0:00:08.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the cause of why World War\NI turned into a world war,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.55,0:00:11.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as opposed to just a regional\Nconflict in southeast Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.49,0:00:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the alliance system that\Nwas developing in the decades
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.18,0:00:18.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leading up to World War\NI. And to understand
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.17,0:00:20.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, I've distilled a bunch\Nof the alliances that occurred
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.63,0:00:22.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in those decades leading\Nup to World War I.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.55,0:00:24.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is just a\Ndistilled version.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.09,0:00:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were many other alliances\Nthat were tangentially related.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.78,0:00:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I tried to distill down the\Nones that were directly related
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.40,0:00:33.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to all of the dominoes\Nfalling in 1914 that
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.07,0:00:35.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,led to all of Europe\Nbeing essentially at war
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.34,0:00:36.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.65,0:00:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So to understand that, we\Nhave to rewind 75 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.78,0:00:42.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So World War I starts in 1914.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.24,0:00:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,75 years before that, in 1839,\Nyou have the Treaty of London.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.28,0:00:49.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the Treaty of\NLondon did many things.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.68,0:00:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Article 7 is what's relevant\Nto the beginning of World War
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.78,0:00:55.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I, where Britain\Nagrees to protect
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.45,0:00:57.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the neutrality of Belgium.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.81,0:00:59.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you're skeptical,\Nyou might say, hey,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.93,0:01:01.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is a 75-year-old treaty.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.66,0:01:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why does this matter anymore?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.98,0:01:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that, actually,\Nwould be a good question.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.00,0:01:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Really, all of these\Nalliances-- it's
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.60,0:01:08.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a very healthy debate\Nyou can have as to
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.32,0:01:10.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether these are the\Ndirect causes of why
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.86,0:01:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of these powers\Ndeclared war on the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.44,0:01:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or whether these\Nwere just excuses.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.00,0:01:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These were a legal\Npretext for saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.34,0:01:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oh, I need to\Ndeclare war on you.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.71,0:01:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When in reality,\Nthey really did want
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.17,0:01:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to declare war for a\Nwhole set of reasons
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.96,0:01:24.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to keep the other\Nperson's empire in check,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.65,0:01:26.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to flex their\Nmilitary muscle, to go
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.38,0:01:28.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after more territory\Nin their empires.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.41,0:01:30.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who knows what it might be?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.21,0:01:33.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But needless to say,\N1839 was the legal basis
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.88,0:01:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the British Empire\Nto protect Belgium.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.54,0:01:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, you fast-forward 40\Nyears, you get to 1879.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.94,0:01:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have a newly\Nborn German Empire
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.84,0:01:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of the Franco-Prussian\NWar in 1871.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.44,0:01:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That newly born German empire,\Nthey just had-- essentially,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.52,0:01:57.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's an extension of\NPrussia, fundamentally,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.37,0:01:58.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a German kingdom.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.81,0:02:00.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They just had a war with France.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.14,0:02:02.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They took some very valuable\Nterritory from France.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.70,0:02:05.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're paranoid that France\Nwants to get back at them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.29,0:02:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're paranoid\Nabout the Russians.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.80,0:02:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they have some connection\Nwith the Austrians--
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.54,0:02:14.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Austro-Hungarians,\NI should say.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.71,0:02:19.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so in 1879, they sign\Nthe Dual Alliance Treaty
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.37,0:02:21.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between Germany\Nand Austria-Hungary
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.87,0:02:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to protect each other\Nif Russia attacks.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.70,0:02:27.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have this common enemy\Nright over here, Russia.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.90,0:02:30.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they are going to-- let me\Ndo this in a different color.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.77,0:02:32.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are going to\Nprotect each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.87,0:02:35.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this makes the new German\NEmpire feel a little bit better
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.99,0:02:37.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about its position\Nin Europe, in case
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.93,0:02:41.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were to get into a war\Nwith either of these characters.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.38,0:02:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then in 1892--\Nyou could imagine,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.90,0:02:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you ever play a game\Nof Risk or if you ever
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.84,0:02:47.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,play the game of Diplomacy,\Nwhich is actually
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.71,0:02:49.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on what\Nhappened in World War
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.74,0:02:52.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I. If you see some\Npeople that you might be
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.55,0:02:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at war with starting\Nto become friends,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.26,0:02:56.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you want to look for other\Nfriends, other alliances
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.39,0:02:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you can form in case\Nthey declare war on you.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.40,0:03:02.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in 1892, you have an\Nalliance between the French
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.03,0:03:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Russians, the\NFranco-Russian Military
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.40,0:03:05.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Convention.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.47,0:03:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is an alliance.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.08,0:03:10.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me do this in the\Nmagenta color again.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.67,0:03:16.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have an alliance\Nbetween France and Russia.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.25,0:03:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then finally, in the\Nearly 1900s, 1904 to 1907,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.52,0:03:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have a series of agreements.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.41,0:03:24.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Entente" essentially\Nmeans agreements.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.35,0:03:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Agreements between the\NBritish Empire and France,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.78,0:03:29.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the British Empire\Nand the Russian Empire,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.41,0:03:32.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to essentially get on good\Nterms with each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.63,0:03:34.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These weren't as\Nformally bonding
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.03,0:03:35.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, hey, if someone's\Ngoing to attack you,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.86,0:03:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to attack them.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.46,0:03:39.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they were, essentially,\Nable to resolve
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.40,0:03:41.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of their issues\Non what's going on
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.39,0:03:43.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their other\Nimperial conquests.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.85,0:03:46.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they formed what is\Ncalled the Triple Entente,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.95,0:03:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the triple agreement\Nbetween Britain,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.07,0:03:52.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the British Empire--\Nand right here, I just
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.58,0:03:57.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,circled the United Kingdom--\NFrance, and Russia.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.37,0:04:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on the other side of that,\Nyou had the Triple Alliance.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.07,0:04:00.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have Germany.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.83,0:04:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have Austria-Hungary.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.30,0:04:06.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you also have Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.13,0:04:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the reason why, even though\Nentering into World War I,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.10,0:04:11.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Italy was formerly part\Nof the Triple Alliance.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.57,0:04:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there were treaties\Nbetween Italy and Germany
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.14,0:04:16.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to become part of\Nthis Triple Alliance.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.21,0:04:18.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason I don't focus on\Nthose is once the war started,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.81,0:04:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Italy did not go on the side\Nof Germany and Austria-Hungary.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.28,0:04:26.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It went on the\Nside of the Allies,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.57,0:04:29.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the side of the\NTriple Entente.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.29,0:04:30.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this will give\Nyou a good background
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.96,0:04:36.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for why what would seem like a\Nregional skirmish in southeast
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.36,0:04:42.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Europe turns into a pan-Europe\Nand eventually pan-global war.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.46,0:04:42.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,