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[Bradley Kuhn] I have to be honest
I'm really honored to be here

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I don't say that to just every conference
I care a lot about Debian

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This is my 3rd DebConf I've ever been to.


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There have been a lot of them so I 
obviously haven't been to that many

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But I was at DebConf1

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I just learned today that it was zero
based so that it wasn't the first DebConf

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which I should have known but didn't for
some reason.

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I was at the 2nd DebConf by accident
somewhat because I was going to

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Libre Software Meeting and just
happened to

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book my flights so that I could be at
DebConf as well

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I gave a regular track talk at DebConf10
about the GPL v3

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because it was in New York City where I
was living at the time

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Here I'm giving an invited speaker talk or
keynote or whatever else it is called here

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That really means a lot to me.

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I'm a fan of Debian, I'm a user of Debian.

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I don't actually consider myself part of
the Debian community

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because other than filing a few bugs
over the years

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I haven't contributed all that much to
Debian but I've relied on it and used it

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and been a fan of it for so long
that I really love your project.

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So I am really honored to be invited to
speak here

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and I really believe that Debian is a
very special project for a lot of reasons.

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First of all, it has thrived for longer
than almost any free software project

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in existence in a lot of ways. 
There are top 10 lists of projects that

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Debian is certainly on as far as longevity
goes, maybe the top 5

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It's governance is one of the few
democratically elected and

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democratically controlled
governance processes in free software

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Everyone is a fan of talking about this
'benevolent dictator' stuff

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which I think is really horrible
The fact that somebody would call

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themselves a 'self appointed benevolent
dictator for life' is really disturbing.

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You are democratic.

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You elect your leadership.

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You have referendums on major issues
that everyone can vote on.

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That is amazingly rare, impressive
and important for free software.

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The other thing that really impresses me,

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in particular being somebody from the
non-profit world,

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is that Debian has been staunchly
non-commercial for it's entire existence.

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Of course I don't mean that Debian
can't be used in commercial settings.

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DFSG free means that things can be put
into commercial products.

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What I mean is that the project itself has
always been non-commercial,

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meaning that the people that work on it
are volunteering,

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and, even if their employers are paying
them to work on it,

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they are part of a community and not
doing their work inside Debian as

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officially part of some
commercial activity.

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Most free software projects these days
are controlled by

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some commercial entity or another.

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Debian is not.

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I was at Debconf1 which was really
exciting for me.

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I was a young executive director of
Free Software.

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I showed this picture to Karen Sandler who
I work with and said how different I look.

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She said I don't look different at all,

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but, speaking as the person that looks
at that face in the mirror every morning,

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there are a lot more lines on my face
than there.

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That is a smooth looking baby face that I
had 14 years ago that I don't have anymore

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I was pretty casual back then.
I'm not in short trousers any more.

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It's hard to see and you can see it in
some of the other photos that I was.

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Even in this heat like this I haven't
worn short trousers in a very long time.

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What's that? [bdale heckles]

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Bdale, I was thinking about mentioning you
and now I have to because you are heckling

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me [laughter]. Bdale is the one adult
in the room who can dress like

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everybody else but I can't pull it off

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I respect Bdale that he can. 
The tie-dye still works for him.

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And I stopped wearing t-shirts years ago
at conferences

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and here I'm sweating in my long sleeves
halfway between hacker and suit attire.

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And there [in the photo] I'm talking to
Martin Michmayer

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I'm going to do questions at the end Lars,
if that's ok.


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I'm not good with questions because I
get off topic easy.

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I left 17 minutes at the end for questions
which Bdale just took 3 of [laughter]

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There I'm talking to Martin Michlmayer
when I first met him.

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A lot of things have changed since I
looked at this photo.

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But one thing that hasn't changed,
you see this face that Martin is making.

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He still makes that face at me every time
I talk to him, which sort of says like

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"You do not know what you are talking
about". That hasn't changed, which is good

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[laughter]. I'm glad he is laughing in the
back there.

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Some things have stayed the same.
Martin still thinks I'm full of it.

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And I probably am, so that's ok.
I like people to keep me honest.

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Other than jokes, the thing that hasn't
really changed since I was first

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introduced to the Debian community, in
person, back in 2001,

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is the ethos of this community is still
the same one that I remember

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even though a lot of the developers
have changed.

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I talked to somebody who had never
even installed Debian when they were at

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DebConf1. I talked to someone who was
12 years old at the time of DebConf1.

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I find it impressive that what I call the
'morality of the hobbyist contributor'

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still lives strongly in Debian.

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The people in Debian want to do what is
right for other people -

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their users, co-developers,
co-contributors.

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They also volunteer to do that.

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As I said before, that doesn't mean that
they aren't being paid to do their work.

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It's the classic free software thing: lots
of people get paid to write free software.

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What I've seen recently, in many free
software projects, is that

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companies have used that. I think
OpenStack is one of the worst examples

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of this. To control the project by hiring
lots of it's developers.

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They have this kindof pull over the
project. I think that a lot of people that

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work at OpenStack would say they are
employers employee first and an

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OpenStack contributor second.

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I don't know anyone in Debian who would
not say 'I am a Debian developer' first

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and then I happen to be employed as a
second issue.

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Debian is their first priority.
Their job is their second.

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That hobbyist culture of 'my volunteer
work matters more to me than

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what actually pays me for a living'
is the kind of mentality that I am such a

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fan of. I try to live that in my own work
as well.

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I like interacting with the community.
I usually find conferences very stressful.

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This one I do not find as stressful
other than I'm standing in a room with a

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huge number of people. Other than that
I don't find it stressful

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because this is the kind of community
that thinks that way.

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I think a lot of it has to do with the
other structures you have set up around

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yourselves. The idea of having charities
that you work with

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which you have chosen to do a multi
charity situation where you have lots

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around the world that you can interact
with.

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One of them was founded by a Debian
developer initially.

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You reach out to other partnerships or
charities as a non-commercial community

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That allows you to have an infrastructure
that you can rely on that helps

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you maintain that community.
I'm very glad that you do that.

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I used to work for the FSF and am still on
the board of directors.

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Early in the project Debian was more or
less a GNU project for a while.

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It was part of the FSF. I know that
relationship has never been perfect

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sometimes rocky and sometimes better,
but the FSF saw this in Debian too

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very early on. That it was a really
important way to begin the whole

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distribution thing of free software and 
that culture was a match with

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FSF's culture.

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I know where the issues are and I'm
sure John is here to talk about them.

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But I think there is a lot of cultural
connect between FSF and Debian.

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I'm a little obsessed about this quote.
I saw it in real time.

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I was subscribed to comp.os.minux in Aug
of '91 when it was posted

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Part of it was that when I started working
for the FSF I started thinking about it

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and the FSF when I worked there had 7
employees and still has under 20

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That's not big.

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So I don't think of it as big and I guess
strictly speaking,

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since the FSF is a very professional
organisation, and to take the

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strict definition professional means you
get paid to do this thing,

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you do it for a living - yes, the FSF
staff are professionals

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in all the ways you might use the word
professional,

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but I don't think that's what Linus
was going for in this quote

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I don't think he meant those normal things
about professional

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I think what he was going for is he was
trying to create Linux back when he was
humble

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Because people forget Linus used to be
really humble. Once upon a time.

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[laughter]

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I don't know... ok. I think some of his
early posts were humble

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but we can debate that I suppose.

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One of the things that Linus understood
well was that he wanted to create

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a project where individuals collaborated
together in their own capacity.

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He wanted a hobbyist kind of culture and
was interested in that kind of culture.

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I think that what he got wrong was not
realising how important charities are

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to that culture and I think Debian has
always got that right.

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You've always interacted with charities
in good ways.

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I think you keep them at arms length,
which is OK and reasonable, but

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you've always seen the value,
always seen the connection between being

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a non-commercial hobbyist controlled
project, very professional I think, but

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still hobbyist controlled in a sense that
you are volunteers doing the right things

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for everyone in your community.

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At the same time reaching out to these
charities and letting them help you

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get done what you need to get do in the
logistical world outside of your project.

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What I've seen in other projects that
Debian has not suffered from

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is the politics of the projects have
bifurcated.

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There's the technical politics which is
the usual arguments about

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this technology verses that technology

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say, systemd verses upstart, something
like that

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and that, I think in almost every project
still remains under developer control.

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People who are developers decide
technical decisions like that.

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But the political governance in most other
projects has been hijacked in my view.

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By various different groups, depending on
the project

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but usually some mix of lawyers or
business type people who are somehow

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in for profit companies or industry
associations,

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that have taken over the political
governance.

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The reason they've succeeded in doing this
I think is because most developers

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care deeply about the technical politics,
but not so much about the other politics.

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They want to make those decisions once
and leave them alone.

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A lot of my work in Conservancy is to help
developers make those decisions right once

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and then be able to leave them alone
without it having bite them later.

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I think a lot of projects have faced that
situation, where the non technical

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politics of their projects are under the
control of people who are

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not members of the community, not really.

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I think that has really happened to Linux.

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I think that the Linux non technical
politics are out of the hands of

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the developers and it's a very sad thing,
from my point of view

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I think the companies control those
politics

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and they don't keep developers out
entirely, but they gate keep

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from letting certain developers into the
politics of what's really going on in the

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non technical space.

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I've met many Linux developers who feel
disenfranchised.

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It's why Conservancy has a GPL enforcement
project for Linux.

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Because they've come to us to ask for
someone who has a charitable mission

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to do the right thing for the public good,
as opposed to the what companies want.

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I think that's what these charities serve.

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If you look at any of these charities that
we have out there,

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Conservancy, Software in the Public
Interest, FSF,

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they do things for hobbyist developers
that are the morally right thing to do

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but are sometimes controversial

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that developers actually really need,

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maybe sometimes don't want to spend too
much time on

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because they're more interested in other
things,

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but companies and trade associations don't
need them and in fact

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they often oppose them.

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As I said, we're doing at Conservancy the
GPL enforcement for Linux

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because it is not in the business interest
of the companies who invest in Linux

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to see the GPL enforced.

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In many cases they actually oppose it
being enforced at all.

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Which brings me to copyleft generally.

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My last talk to all of you was at DebConf
10,

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where I told you about GPL v3 and how
wonderful it is and

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how much I respected Debian's commitment
to copyleft.

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Now that's not to say everything in the
archive is copyleft, I would guess that

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most things in the archive aren't, as it
turns out.

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But there are many, many important things
in Debian's archive that are copylefted

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and many Debian meta-projects that you
rely on every day as part of your

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development that you have chosen to
copyleft.

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So I see Debian as a strongly connected
project to the broader copyleft community

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which I am heavily involved in.

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Excessively involved in you might say.

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The organisation I work for is funding
a lawsuit, here in Germany

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against VMware for violating the GPL for
a very long time and refusing to comply.

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Christoph Hellwig is the plaintiff. It is
in a Berlin court.

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Till Jaeger is his lawyer and you have to
read the FAQ.

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I am, admittedly, not as comfortable with
the German legal system as the US.

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I am used to the US where everything is
public.

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The German legal system doesn't work
that way.

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I respect the cultural difference and
therefore we put what we could in the FAQ

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so you could go read it.

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So if you were hoping to hear all about
the VMware lawsuit in this talk this is

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the only slide that covers it, sorry to
say.

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You can load your browser and look at the
FAQ I guess.

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The interesting thing that I can talk
about is the aftermath in the politics in

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the community that I think a lot of
people, even people in this room got wrong

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about what was going to happen after we
sued VMware.

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I have myself been a little bit surprised
that the response by many for profit

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companies (in the back channels, this has 
not been in press releases, obviously)

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has been to attempt to eradicate copyleft
entirely, or at the very least

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stop its enforcement.

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At this point, for anybody who wants to
make a strong commitment like Christoph,

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like me, to spend a lot of time enforcing
GPL, it is an extremely, politically

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treacherous decision.

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We have people in our GPL enforcement
project for Linux at Conservancy who

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insist on anonymity because they are
terrified it will affect their ability to

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get jobs, and other things if they're even
heard to be talking to people who do

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enforcement.

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I think what's happened is that the people
who have always been against copyleft

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subtly and quietly now see there's some
chinks in the armour.

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There are very few people still enforcing
the copyleft.

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The only two organisations doing it as
part of a charity are the FSF and

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Conservany.

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It's a time for the sharks to circle and
see if they can finish off the rest.

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That's what I think is happening.

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Now, this matters to you.

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Even if you don't care that much about
copyleft, it matters.

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Ubuntu was violating your copyrights for
two years.

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They had a trademark policy that
contradicted the GPL.

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It's a violation of the GPL.

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The Free Software Foundation and
Conservacy worked very, very hard for two

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years to get it resolved.
It's been resolved.

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The trademark policy, as it stands - you
can read the statements on both

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Conservancy and FSF's websites - is in
compliance with the GPL.

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I'm glad that Canonical eventually did the
right thing.

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However, you've got to read the
fine print.

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Because what they've done is they've said
"Well, by using this trump clause thing to

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comply", it means that all the non
copylefted software (from Debian which of

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course then ends up in Ubuntu) is then
propitiatorized, effectively, when it goes

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into Ubuntu, because all these additional
restrictions and terms in the trademark

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policy that are contradictory to copyleft,
the trump clause passes them out for

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copyleft so you can't have those
contradicting copyleft, but they happily

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don't contradict the two clause BSD
license, or the Apache software license or

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various other licenses.

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A lot is being proprietarized, now it's
totally permissible by the copyright