0:00:08.616,0:00:13.359 Forget about "good as gold".[br]Today it's going to get evil. 0:00:13.796,0:00:15.702 But who or what is evil at all? 0:00:15.969,0:00:17.044 The devil? 0:00:17.044,0:00:18.120 The Illuminati? 0:00:18.569,0:00:19.679 The mother in law? 0:00:20.445,0:00:23.832 Usually evil stands for morally wrong decisions, 0:00:23.832,0:00:26.296 an basic power which influences [br]the history of the world 0:00:26.296,0:00:27.921 and which is the opponent of good. 0:00:27.921,0:00:30.395 That means, where light is, is also a shadow. 0:00:30.590,0:00:34.041 Obviously! God against the devil,[br]the West against the terrorists, 0:00:34.065,0:00:35.847 Aspirin against headache ... 0:00:35.847,0:00:38.337 however back to the individual human being. 0:00:38.546,0:00:43.749 But who defines “morally wrong”? 0:00:43.892,0:00:47.830 Depending on the ethic position there are [br]significant differences within the definition. 0:00:47.830,0:00:51.452 According to the critic of the Bible [br]Benedict de Spinoza, evil is all 0:00:51.452,0:00:54.553 That blocks the self-assertion [br]of every individual. 0:00:54.553,0:00:55.983 So, it´s a force from outside, 0:00:55.983,0:00:59.020 that prevents us humans[br]from developing freely. 0:00:59.239,0:01:02.786 For Kant, evil is an essential[br]part of human nature, 0:01:02.786,0:01:05.511 since humans are not only[br]equipped with reason, 0:01:05.511,0:01:08.777 but also with "empirical",[br]entirely worldly needs. 0:01:08.777,0:01:10.602 The inclination to the "dark side"- 0:01:10.815,0:01:13.302 so it has always been in us? 0:01:13.404,0:01:15.883 His fellow Enlightenment thinker[br]Rousseau sees things differently. 0:01:15.883,0:01:16.883 For him, humans are born good. 0:01:16.883,0:01:19.417 Only living in the community (is what)[br]poisons us, makes us evil. 0:01:19.417,0:01:23.103 Are we born evil,[br]or does society make us evil? 0:01:23.571,0:01:27.131 Nietzsche threw all of this overboard, 0:01:27.203,0:01:29.285 declared "good" to be "bad" 0:01:29.285,0:01:31.069 and "evil" simply to be[br]a construct of Christian "slave morality.” 0:01:31.069,0:01:35.166 0:01:35.405,0:01:39.193 0:01:39.193,0:01:41.429 0:01:41.429,0:01:43.406 0:01:43.570,0:01:46.733 0:01:46.963,0:01:49.116 0:01:49.447,0:01:52.185 0:01:52.623,0:01:56.471 0:01:56.471,0:01:59.584 0:01:59.812,0:02:03.901 0:02:03.901,0:02:06.929 0:02:07.236,0:02:09.847 0:02:09.847,0:02:12.305 0:02:12.474,0:02:14.719 0:02:15.155,0:02:17.436 0:02:17.469,0:02:19.798 That is indeed interesting! 0:02:19.848,0:02:22.053 Haven’t we always been more fascinated [br]by Darth Vader 0:02:22.257,0:02:24.922 than by Luke Skywalker[br]wrapped in boring Eco-linen 0:02:24.922,0:02:27.936 It doesn’t matter which point of view you have; [br]be it religious or ideological - 0:02:28.369,0:02:31.448 - "pure" evil; killing, stealing, lying 0:02:31.448,0:02:34.942 Is what is bad for[br]The individual and society 0:02:34.942,0:02:38.603 Yet it seems[br]that we need evil. 0:02:38.758,0:02:41.887 Good and evil are[br]in a dualistic relationship 0:02:42.040,0:02:45.789 One cannot exist without the other 0:02:45.789,0:02:48.480 Otherwise, Ozzy Osborne[br]would just be a doddering father 0:02:48.670,0:02:51.787 and every Hollywood film would begin[br]with the happy ending 0:02:51.799,0:02:54.236 And plod along without antagonists 0:02:54.236,0:02:56.619 We need evil as an antithesis. 0:02:56.910,0:02:59.809 To find our way in the [br]ethnical world 0:03:00.097,0:03:03.525