WEBVTT 00:00:08.616 --> 00:00:13.359 Forget about "good as gold". Today it's going to get evil. NOTE Paragraph 00:00:13.796 --> 00:00:15.702 But who or what is evil at all? 00:00:15.969 --> 00:00:17.044 The devil? 00:00:17.044 --> 00:00:18.120 The Illuminati? 00:00:18.569 --> 00:00:19.679 The mother in law? 00:00:20.445 --> 00:00:23.832 Usually evil stands for morally wrong decisions, 00:00:23.832 --> 00:00:26.296 an basic power which influences the history of the world 00:00:26.296 --> 00:00:27.921 and which is the opponent of good. 00:00:27.921 --> 00:00:30.395 That means, where light is, is also a shadow. 00:00:30.590 --> 00:00:34.041 Obviously! God against the devil, the West against the terrorists, 00:00:34.065 --> 00:00:35.847 Aspirin against headache ... 00:00:35.847 --> 00:00:38.337 however back to the individual human being. 00:00:38.546 --> 00:00:43.749 But who defines “morally wrong”? 00:00:43.892 --> 00:00:47.830 Depending on the ethic position there are significant differences within the definition. 00:00:47.830 --> 00:00:51.452 According to the critic of the Bible Benedict de Spinoza, evil is all 00:00:51.452 --> 00:00:54.553 That blocks the self-assertion of every individual. 00:00:54.553 --> 00:00:55.983 So, it´s a force from outside, 00:00:55.983 --> 00:00:59.020 that prevents us humans from developing freely. 00:00:59.239 --> 00:01:02.786 For Kant, evil is an essential part of human nature, 00:01:02.786 --> 00:01:05.511 since humans are not only equipped with reason, 00:01:05.511 --> 00:01:08.777 but also with "empirical", entirely worldly needs. 00:01:08.777 --> 00:01:10.602 The inclination to the "dark side"- 00:01:10.815 --> 00:01:13.302 so it has always been in us? 00:01:13.404 --> 00:01:15.883 His fellow Enlightenment thinker Rousseau sees things differently. 00:01:15.883 --> 00:01:16.883 For him, humans are born good. 00:01:16.883 --> 00:01:19.417 Only living in the community (is what) poisons us, makes us evil. 00:01:19.417 --> 00:01:23.103 Are we born evil, or does society make us evil? 00:01:23.571 --> 00:01:27.131 Nietzsche threw all of this overboard, 00:01:27.203 --> 00:01:29.285 declared "good" to be "bad" 00:01:29.285 --> 00:01:31.069 and "evil" simply to be a construct of Christian "slave morality.” 00:01:31.069 --> 00:01:35.166 00:01:35.405 --> 00:01:39.193 00:01:39.193 --> 00:01:41.429 00:01:41.429 --> 00:01:43.406 00:01:43.570 --> 00:01:46.733 00:01:46.963 --> 00:01:49.116 00:01:49.447 --> 00:01:52.185 00:01:52.623 --> 00:01:56.471 00:01:56.471 --> 00:01:59.584 00:01:59.812 --> 00:02:03.901 00:02:03.901 --> 00:02:06.929 00:02:07.236 --> 00:02:09.847 00:02:09.847 --> 00:02:12.305 00:02:12.474 --> 00:02:14.719 00:02:15.155 --> 00:02:17.436 00:02:17.469 --> 00:02:19.798 00:02:19.848 --> 00:02:22.053 00:02:22.257 --> 00:02:24.922 00:02:24.922 --> 00:02:27.936 00:02:28.369 --> 00:02:31.448 00:02:31.448 --> 00:02:34.942 00:02:34.942 --> 00:02:38.603 00:02:38.758 --> 00:02:41.887 00:02:42.040 --> 00:02:45.789 00:02:45.789 --> 00:02:48.480 00:02:48.670 --> 00:02:51.787 00:02:51.799 --> 00:02:54.236 00:02:54.236 --> 00:02:56.619 00:02:56.910 --> 00:02:59.809 00:03:00.097 --> 00:03:03.525