WEBVTT 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 17 00:00:54,553 --> 00:00:55,983 So, it�s a force from outside, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 18 00:00:55,983 --> 00:00:59,020 that prevents us humans from developing freely. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 19 00:00:59,239 --> 00:01:02,786 For Kant, evil is an essential part of human nature, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 20 00:01:02,786 --> 00:01:05,511 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 since humans are not only equipped with reason, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 21 00:01:05,511 --> 00:01:08,777 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but also with "empirical", entirely worldly needs. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 22 00:01:08,777 --> 00:01:10,602 The inclination to the "dark side"- 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 23 00:01:10,815 --> 00:01:13,302 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so it has always been in us? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 24 00:01:13,404 --> 00:01:16,883 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 His fellow Enlightenment thinker Rousseau sees things differently. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 25 00:01:16,883 --> 00:01:19,417 For him, humans are born good. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 26 00:01:19,417 --> 00:01:23,103 Only living in the community (is what) poisons us, makes us evil. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 27 00:01:23,571 --> 00:01:27,131 Are we born evil, or does society make us evil? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 28 00:01:27,203 --> 00:01:29,285 Nietzsche threw all of this overboard, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 29 00:01:29,285 --> 00:01:31,069 declared "good" to be "bad" 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 30 00:01:31,069 --> 00:01:35,166 and "evil" simply to be a construct of Christian "slave morality.� 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999