1 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 17 00:00:54,553 --> 00:00:55,983 So, it�s a force from outside, 2 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 18 00:00:55,983 --> 00:00:59,020 that prevents us humans from developing freely. 3 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 19 00:00:59,239 --> 00:01:02,786 For Kant, evil is an essential part of human nature, 4 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 20 00:01:02,786 --> 00:01:05,511 5 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 since humans are not only equipped with reason, 6 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 21 00:01:05,511 --> 00:01:08,777 7 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 but also with "empirical", entirely worldly needs. 8 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 22 00:01:08,777 --> 00:01:10,602 The inclination to the "dark side"- 9 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 10 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 11 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 23 00:01:10,815 --> 00:01:13,302 12 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 so it has always been in us? 13 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 24 00:01:13,404 --> 00:01:16,883 14 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 His fellow Enlightenment thinker Rousseau sees things differently. 15 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 25 00:01:16,883 --> 00:01:19,417 For him, humans are born good. 16 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 26 00:01:19,417 --> 00:01:23,103 Only living in the community (is what) poisons us, makes us evil. 17 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 27 00:01:23,571 --> 00:01:27,131 Are we born evil, or does society make us evil? 18 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 28 00:01:27,203 --> 00:01:29,285 Nietzsche threw all of this overboard, 19 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 29 00:01:29,285 --> 00:01:31,069 declared "good" to be "bad" 20 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 30 00:01:31,069 --> 00:01:35,166 and "evil" simply to be a construct of Christian "slave morality.� 21 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999