Forget about "good as gold".
Today it's going to get evil.

But who or what is evil at all?

The devil?

The Illuminati?

The mother-in-law?

Usually evil stands for 
morally wrong decisions,

a basic power influencing
the history of the world

and which is the opponent of good.

Meaning: where there is light, 
there is also shadow.

Obviously! God against the devil,
the West against the terrorists,

Aspirin against a headache ...

however, back to 
the individual human being.

But who defines 
what is “morally wrong”?

Depending on one's ethic position, 
definitons differ significantly.

According to Bible critic 
Benedict de Spinoza, evil is everything

that blocks the self-assertion 
of every individual.

So, it's a force from outside,

that prevents us humans
from developing freely.

For Kant, evil is an essential
part of human nature,

since humans are not only
equipped with reason,

but also with "empirical",
entirely worldly needs.

The inclination to the "dark side"-

has thus always been a part of us?

His fellow Enlightenment thinker
Rousseau sees things differently.

For him, humans are born good.

Only living in the community is what
poisons us, makes us evil.

So, are we actually born evil,
or is it society that makes us evil?

Nietzsche threw all of this overboard,

declared "good" to be "bad"

and "evil" simply to be 
a construct of Christian "slave morality.”

Leibniz thoroughly examined evil.

He separated it into three categories.

That’s the malem physicum:

Pain, loss, loneliness, poverty

everything that you wouldn’t even wish your worst enemy

Then Leibniz described the malum metaphysicum:

Small imperfections, predetermined breaking points built in by divine hand

According to Leibniz, man himself can be evil in only one way -

through the malum morale, the moral evil.

The sin which you commit when you turn from God.

In the 20th century, the existential philosopher Karl Jaspers also separated

evil within man into three categories

Firstly: Urges of any kind

Secondly: The lack of will to do good

And thirdly: The will to do evil

That is indeed interesting!

Haven’t we always been more fascinated 
by Darth Vader

than by Luke Skywalker
wrapped in boring Eco-linen

It doesn’t matter which point of view you have; 
be it religious or ideological -

- "pure" evil; killing, stealing, lying

Is what is bad for
The individual and society

Yet it seems
that we need evil.

Good and evil are
in a dualistic relationship

One cannot exist without the other

Otherwise, Ozzy Osborne
would just be a doddering father

and every Hollywood film would begin
with the happy ending

And plod along without antagonists

We need evil as an antithesis.

To find our way in the 
ethnical world