[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Time flies.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.00,0:00:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's actually almost 20 years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.00,0:00:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I wanted to reframe the way we use information,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.00,0:00:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way we work together: I invented the World Wide Web.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.00,0:00:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, 20 years on, at TED,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.00,0:00:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to ask your help in a new reframing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.00,0:00:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So going back to 1989,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.00,0:00:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wrote a memo suggesting the global hypertext system.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.00,0:00:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody really did anything with it, pretty much.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.00,0:00:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But 18 months later -- this is how innovation happens --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.00,0:00:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,18 months later, my boss said I could do it on the side,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.00,0:00:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a sort of a play project,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.00,0:00:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kick the tires of a new computer we'd got.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.00,0:00:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so he gave me the time to code it up.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.00,0:00:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I basically roughed out what HTML should look like:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.00,0:00:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hypertext protocol, HTTP;
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.00,0:00:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the idea of URLs, these names for things
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.00,0:00:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which started with HTTP.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.00,0:00:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wrote the code and put it out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.00,0:01:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why did I do it?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.00,0:01:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it was basically frustration.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.00,0:01:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was frustrated -- I was working as a software engineer
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.00,0:01:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this huge, very exciting lab,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lots of people coming from all over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.00,0:01:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They brought all sorts of different computers with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.00,0:01:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had all sorts of different data formats,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.00,0:01:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all sorts, all kinds of documentation systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.00,0:01:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that, in all that diversity,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.00,0:01:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I wanted to figure out how to build something
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.00,0:01:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of a bit of this and a bit of this,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.00,0:01:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything I looked into, I had to connect to some new machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.00,0:01:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had to learn to run some new program,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.00,0:01:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would find the information I wanted in some new data format.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.00,0:01:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these were all incompatible.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.00,0:01:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was just very frustrating.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.00,0:01:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The frustration was all this unlocked potential.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.00,0:01:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, on all these discs there were documents.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.00,0:01:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you just imagined them all
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.00,0:01:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being part of some big, virtual documentation system in the sky,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.00,0:01:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say on the Internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.00,0:01:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then life would be so much easier.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.00,0:02:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, once you've had an idea like that it kind of gets under your skin
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.00,0:02:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even if people don't read your memo --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.00,0:02:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually he did, it was found after he died, his copy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.00,0:02:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had written, "Vague, but exciting," in pencil, in the corner.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.00,0:02:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.00,0:02:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in general it was difficult -- it was really difficult to explain
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.00,0:02:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what the web was like.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.00,0:02:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's difficult to explain to people now that it was difficult then.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.00,0:02:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then -- OK, when TED started, there was no web
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.00,0:02:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so things like "click" didn't have the same meaning.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.00,0:02:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can show somebody a piece of hypertext,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.00,0:02:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a page which has got links,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.00,0:02:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we click on the link and bing -- there'll be another hypertext page.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.00,0:02:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not impressive.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.00,0:02:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, we've seen that -- we've got things on hypertext on CD-ROMs.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.00,0:02:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What was difficult was to get them to imagine:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.00,0:02:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so, imagine that that link could have gone
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.00,0:02:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to virtually any document you could imagine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.00,0:02:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alright, that is the leap that was very difficult for people to make.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.00,0:02:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, some people did.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.00,0:02:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So yeah, it was difficult to explain, but there was a grassroots movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.00,0:03:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is what has made it most fun.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.00,0:03:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That has been the most exciting thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.00,0:03:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not the technology, not the things people have done with it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.00,0:03:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but actually the community, the spirit of all these people
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.00,0:03:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting together, sending the emails.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.00,0:03:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what it was like then.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.00,0:03:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you know what? It's funny, but right now it's kind of like that again.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.00,0:03:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I asked everybody, more or less, to put their documents --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.00,0:03:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "Could you put your documents on this web thing?"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.00,0:03:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you did.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.00,0:03:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.00,0:03:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's been a blast, hasn't it?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.00,0:03:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, it has been quite interesting
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.00,0:03:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we've found out that the things that happen with the web
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.00,0:03:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really sort of blow us away.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.00,0:03:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're much more than we'd originally imagined
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.00,0:03:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we put together the little, initial website
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.00,0:03:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we started off with.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.00,0:03:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I want you to put your data on the web.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.00,0:03:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Turns out that there is still huge unlocked potential.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.00,0:03:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is still a huge frustration
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.00,0:03:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people have because we haven't got data on the web as data.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.00,0:03:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you mean, "data"? What's the difference -- documents, data?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.00,0:03:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, documents you read, OK?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.00,0:04:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More or less, you read them, you can follow links from them, and that's it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.00,0:04:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Data -- you can do all kinds of stuff with a computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.00,0:04:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who was here or has otherwise seen Hans Rosling's talk?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.00,0:04:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the great -- yes a lot of people have seen it --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.00,0:04:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the great TED Talks.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.00,0:04:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hans put up this presentation
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.00,0:04:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which he showed, for various different countries, in various different colors --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.00,0:04:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he showed income levels on one axis
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.00,0:04:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he showed infant mortality, and he shot this thing animated through time.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.00,0:04:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, he'd taken this data and made a presentation
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.00,0:04:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which just shattered a lot of myths that people had
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.00,0:04:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the economics in the developing world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.00,0:04:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He put up a slide a little bit like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.00,0:04:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It had underground all the data
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.00,0:04:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, data is brown and boxy and boring,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.00,0:04:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's how we think of it, isn't it?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.00,0:04:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because data you can't naturally use by itself
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.00,0:04:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in fact, data drives a huge amount of what happens in our lives
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.00,0:04:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it happens because somebody takes that data and does something with it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.00,0:04:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this case, Hans had put the data together
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.00,0:05:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he had found from all kinds of United Nations websites and things.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.00,0:05:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had put it together,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.00,0:05:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,combined it into something more interesting than the original pieces
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.00,0:05:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then he'd put it into this software,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.00,0:05:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I think his son developed, originally,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.00,0:05:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and produces this wonderful presentation.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.00,0:05:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Hans made a point
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.00,0:05:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of saying, "Look, it's really important to have a lot of data."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.00,0:05:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was happy to see that at the party last night
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.00,0:05:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he was still saying, very forcibly, "It's really important to have a lot of data."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.00,0:05:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I want us now to think about
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.00,0:05:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just two pieces of data being connected, or six like he did,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.00,0:05:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I want to think about a world where everybody has put data on the web
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.00,0:05:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so virtually everything you can imagine is on the web
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.00,0:05:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then calling that linked data.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.00,0:05:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The technology is linked data, and it's extremely simple.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.00,0:05:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want to put something on the web there are three rules:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.00,0:05:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first thing is that those HTTP names --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.00,0:05:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those things that start with "http:" --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.00,0:06:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're using them not just for documents now,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.00,0:06:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're using them for things that the documents are about.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.00,0:06:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're using them for people, we're using them for places,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.00,0:06:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're using them for your products, we're using them for events.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.00,0:06:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All kinds of conceptual things, they have names now that start with HTTP.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.00,0:06:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second rule, if I take one of these HTTP names and I look it up
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.00,0:06:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I do the web thing with it and I fetch the data
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.00,0:06:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using the HTTP protocol from the web,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.00,0:06:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will get back some data in a standard format
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.00,0:06:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is kind of useful data that somebody might like to know
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.00,0:06:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about that thing, about that event.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.00,0:06:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who's at the event? Whatever it is about that person,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.00,0:06:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they were born, things like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.00,0:06:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the second rule is I get important information back.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.00,0:06:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Third rule is that when I get back that information
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.00,0:06:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not just got somebody's height and weight and when they were born,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.00,0:06:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's got relationships.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.00,0:06:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Data is relationships.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.00,0:06:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Interestingly, data is relationships.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.00,0:06:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This person was born in Berlin; Berlin is in Germany.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.00,0:06:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when it has relationships, whenever it expresses a relationship
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.00,0:07:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then the other thing that it's related to
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.00,0:07:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is given one of those names that starts HTTP.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.00,0:07:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I can go ahead and look that thing up.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.00,0:07:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I look up a person -- I can look up then the city where they were born; then
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.00,0:07:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can look up the region it's in, and the town it's in,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.00,0:07:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the population of it, and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.00,0:07:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I can browse this stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.00,0:07:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's it, really.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.00,0:07:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is linked data.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.00,0:07:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wrote an article entitled "Linked Data" a couple of years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.00,0:07:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and soon after that, things started to happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.00,0:07:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea of linked data is that we get lots and lots and lots
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.00,0:07:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of these boxes that Hans had,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.00,0:07:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we get lots and lots and lots of things sprouting.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.00,0:07:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not just a whole lot of other plants.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.00,0:07:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not just a root supplying a plant,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.00,0:07:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for each of those plants, whatever it is --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.00,0:07:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a presentation, an analysis, somebody's looking for patterns in the data --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.00,0:07:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they get to look at all the data
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.00,0:07:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they get it connected together,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.00,0:07:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the really important thing about data
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.00,0:07:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the more things you have to connect together, the more powerful it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.00,0:08:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, linked data.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.00,0:08:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The meme went out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.00,0:08:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, pretty soon Chris Bizer at the Freie Universitat in Berlin
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.00,0:08:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was one of the first people to put interesting things up,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.00,0:08:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he noticed that Wikipedia --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.00,0:08:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.00,0:08:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with lots and lots of interesting documents in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.00,0:08:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, in those documents, there are little squares, little boxes.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.00,0:08:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in most information boxes, there's data.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.00,0:08:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he wrote a program to take the data, extract it from Wikipedia,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.00,0:08:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and put it into a blob of linked data
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.00,0:08:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the web, which he called dbpedia.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.00,0:08:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dbpedia is represented by the blue blob in the middle of this slide
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.00,0:08:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you actually go and look up Berlin,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.00,0:08:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll find that there are other blobs of data
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.00,0:08:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which also have stuff about Berlin, and they're linked together.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.00,0:08:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you pull the data from dbpedia about Berlin,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.00,0:08:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll end up pulling up these other things as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.00,0:08:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the exciting thing is it's starting to grow.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.00,0:08:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is just the grassroots stuff again, OK?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.00,0:08:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's think about data for a bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.00,0:08:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Data comes in fact in lots and lots of different forms.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.00,0:09:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of the diversity of the web. It's a really important thing
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.00,0:09:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the web allows you to put all kinds of data up there.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.00,0:09:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it is with data. I could talk about all kinds of data.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.00,0:09:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could talk about government data, enterprise data is really important,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.00,0:09:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's scientific data, there's personal data,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.00,0:09:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's weather data, there's data about events,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.00,0:09:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's data about talks, and there's news and there's all kinds of stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.00,0:09:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm just going to mention a few of them
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.00,0:09:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that you get the idea of the diversity of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.00,0:09:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that you also see how much unlocked potential.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.00,0:09:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's start with government data.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.00,0:09:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Barack Obama said in a speech,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.00,0:09:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he -- American government data would be available on the Internet
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.00,0:09:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in accessible formats.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.00,0:09:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I hope that they will put it up as linked data.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.00,0:09:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's important. Why is it important?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.00,0:09:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not just for transparency, yeah transparency in government is important,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.00,0:09:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that data -- this is the data from all the government departments
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.00,0:09:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think about how much of that data is about how life is lived in America.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.00,0:09:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's actual useful. It's got value.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.00,0:09:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can use it in my company.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.00,0:10:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could use it as a kid to do my homework.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.00,0:10:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we're talking about making the place, making the world run better
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.00,0:10:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by making this data available.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.00,0:10:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact if you're responsible -- if you know about some data
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.00,0:10:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a government department, often you find that
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.00,0:10:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these people, they're very tempted to keep it --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.00,0:10:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hans calls it database hugging.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.00,0:10:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You hug your database, you don't want to let it go
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.00,0:10:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until you've made a beautiful website for it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.00,0:10:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I'd like to suggest that rather --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.00,0:10:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yes, make a beautiful website,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.00,0:10:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who am I to say don't make a beautiful website?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.00,0:10:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Make a beautiful website, but first
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.00,0:10:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,give us the unadulterated data,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.00,0:10:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we want the data.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.00,0:10:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want unadulterated data.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.00,0:10:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, we have to ask for raw data now.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.00,0:10:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm going to ask you to practice that, OK?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.00,0:10:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you say "raw"?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.00,0:10:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Audience: Raw.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.00,0:10:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tim Berners-Lee: Can you say "data"?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.00,0:10:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Audience: Data.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.00,0:10:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TBL: Can you say "now"?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.00,0:10:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Audience: Now!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.00,0:10:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TBL: Alright, "raw data now"!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.00,0:10:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Audience: Raw data now!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.00,0:10:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Practice that. It's important because you have no idea the number of excuses
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.00,0:10:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people come up with to hang onto their data
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.00,0:11:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not give it to you, even though you've paid for it as a taxpayer.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.00,0:11:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not just America. It's all over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.00,0:11:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not just governments, of course -- it's enterprises as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.00,0:11:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm just going to mention a few other thoughts on data.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.00,0:11:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we are at TED, and all the time we are very conscious
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.00,0:11:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the huge challenges that human society has right now --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.00,0:11:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,curing cancer, understanding the brain for Alzheimer's,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.00,0:11:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,understanding the economy to make it a little bit more stable,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.00,0:11:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,understanding how the world works.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.00,0:11:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The people who are going to solve those -- the scientists --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.00,0:11:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have half-formed ideas in their head,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.00,0:11:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they try to communicate those over the web.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.00,0:11:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But a lot of the state of knowledge of the human race at the moment
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.00,0:11:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is on databases, often sitting in their computers,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.00,0:11:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and actually, currently not shared.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.00,0:11:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, I'll just go into one area --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.00,0:11:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you're looking at Alzheimer's, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.00,0:11:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drug discovery -- there is a whole lot of linked data which is just coming out
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.00,0:11:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because scientists in that field realize
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.00,0:11:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is a great way of getting out of those silos,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.00,0:12:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they had their genomics data in one database
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.00,0:12:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in one building, and they had their protein data in another.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.00,0:12:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, they are sticking it onto -- linked data --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.00,0:12:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now they can ask the sort of question, that you probably wouldn't ask,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.00,0:12:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wouldn't ask -- they would.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.00,0:12:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What proteins are involved in signal transduction
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.00,0:12:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also related to pyramidal neurons?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.00,0:12:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, you take that mouthful and you put it into Google.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.00,0:12:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, there's no page on the web which has answered that question
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.00,0:12:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because nobody has asked that question before.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.00,0:12:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You get 223,000 hits --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.00,0:12:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no results you can use.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.00,0:12:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You ask the linked data -- which they've now put together --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.00,0:12:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,32 hits, each of which is a protein which has those properties
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.00,0:12:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can look at.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.00,0:12:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The power of being able to ask those questions, as a scientist --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.00,0:12:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,questions which actually bridge across different disciplines --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.00,0:12:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really a complete sea change.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.00,0:12:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very very important.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.00,0:12:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists are totally stymied at the moment --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.00,0:12:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the power of the data that other scientists have collected is locked up
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.00,0:12:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we need to get it unlocked so we can tackle those huge problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.00,0:13:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now if I go on like this, you'll think that all the data comes from huge institutions
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.00,0:13:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and has nothing to do with you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.00,0:13:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, that's not true.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.00,0:13:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, data is about our lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.00,0:13:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You just -- you log on to your social networking site,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.00,0:13:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your favorite one, you say, "This is my friend."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.00,0:13:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bing! Relationship. Data.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.00,0:13:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You say, "This photograph, it's about -- it depicts this person. "
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.00,0:13:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bing! That's data. Data, data, data.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.00,0:13:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every time you do things on the social networking site,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.00,0:13:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the social networking site is taking data and using it -- re-purposing it --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.00,0:13:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and using it to make other people's lives more interesting on the site.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.00,0:13:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, when you go to another linked data site --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.00,0:13:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and let's say this is one about travel,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.00,0:13:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you say, "I want to send this photo to all the people in that group,"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.00,0:13:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can't get over the walls.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.00,0:13:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Economist wrote an article about it, and lots of people have blogged about it --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.00,0:13:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tremendous frustration.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.00,0:13:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The way to break down the silos is to get inter-operability
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.00,0:13:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between social networking sites.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.00,0:13:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to do that with linked data.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.00,0:13:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One last type of data I'll talk about, maybe it's the most exciting.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.00,0:13:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before I came down here, I looked it up on OpenStreetMap
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.00,0:14:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The OpenStreetMap's a map, but it's also a Wiki.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.00,0:14:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Zoom in and that square thing is a theater -- which we're in right now --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.00,0:14:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Terrace Theater. It didn't have a name on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.00,0:14:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I could go into edit mode, I could select the theater,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.00,0:14:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could add down at the bottom the name, and I could save it back.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.00,0:14:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now if you go back to the OpenStreetMap. org,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.00,0:14:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you find this place, you will find that The Terrace Theater has got a name.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.00,0:14:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did that. Me!
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.00,0:14:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did that to the map. I just did that!
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.00,0:14:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I put that up on there. Hey, you know what?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.00,0:14:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I -- that street map is all about everybody doing their bit
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.00,0:14:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it creates an incredible resource
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.00,0:14:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because everybody else does theirs.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.00,0:14:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is what linked data is all about.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.00,0:14:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about people doing their bit
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.00,0:14:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to produce a little bit, and it all connecting.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.00,0:14:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's how linked data works.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.00,0:14:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You do your bit. Everybody else does theirs.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.00,0:14:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You may not have lots of data which you have yourself to put on there
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.00,0:14:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you know to demand it.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.00,0:14:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we've practiced that.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.00,0:15:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, linked data -- it's huge.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.00,0:15:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've only told you a very small number of things
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.00,0:15:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are data in every aspect of our lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.00,0:15:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every aspect of work and pleasure,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.00,0:15:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's not just about the number of places where data comes,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.00,0:15:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's about connecting it together.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.00,0:15:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you connect data together, you get power
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.00,0:15:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a way that doesn't happen just with the web, with documents.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.00,0:15:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You get this really huge power out of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.00,0:15:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we're at the stage now
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.00,0:15:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we have to do this -- the people who think it's a great idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.00,0:15:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all the people -- and I think there's a lot of people at TED who do things because --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.00,0:15:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though there's not an immediate return on the investment
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.00,0:15:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it will only really pay off when everybody else has done it --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.00,0:15:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'll do it because they're the sort of person who just does things
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.00,0:15:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which would be good if everybody else did them.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.00,0:15:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, so it's called linked data.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.00,0:15:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want you to make it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.00,0:15:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want you to demand it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.00,0:15:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think it's an idea worth spreading.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.00,0:15:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.00,0:16:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)