WEBVTT 00:00:00.137 --> 00:00:03.002 मानवाला आपल्या भोवतालच्या वातावरचे निरीक्षण करून 00:00:03.002 --> 00:00:05.867 हजारो वर्षापूर्वीपासून लक्षात आले आहे कि 00:00:05.867 --> 00:00:07.207 पृथ्वीवर विभिन्न प्रकारची मूलद्रव्ये आहेत 00:00:07.207 --> 00:00:10.333 आणि हि वेगवेगळी मूलद्रव्ये वेगवेगळे गुणधर्म दर्शवितात 00:00:10.333 --> 00:00:11.954 इतकेच नव्हे 00:00:11.954 --> 00:00:14.745 एखादे मूलद्रव्य विशिष्ट प्रकारे प्रकाश परावर्तीत करतो तर एखादा करतच नाही 00:00:14.745 --> 00:00:17.601 किवा मुल्द्रव्याला एक विशिष्ट रंग किंवा तापमान असते NOTE Paragraph 00:00:17.601 --> 00:00:20.457 ते द्रव,वायू किंवा धातू रुपात असते 00:00:20.457 --> 00:00:22.108 शिवाय ते विशिष्ट परिस्थितीत एकमेकांशी कसे क्रिया करतात 00:00:22.108 --> 00:00:24.867 हेही आपल्याला पाहायला मिळते 00:00:24.867 --> 00:00:27.663 आणि हि काही मूलद्रव्यांची छायाचित्रे आहेत 00:00:27.663 --> 00:00:31.477 हा इथे कार्बन आहे, आणि इथे तो ग्राफाईट रुपात आहे 00:00:31.477 --> 00:00:36.069 आणि हे इथे आहे शिसे, आणि इकडे सोनं पाहू शकता 00:00:36.069 --> 00:00:38.719 ह्या सर्वांची चित्रे तुम्ही इथे पाहू शकता 00:00:38.719 --> 00:00:41.369 मला हे सर्व ह्या वैबसाईटवरून मिळाले आहेत 00:00:41.369 --> 00:00:45.453 हि मूलद्रव्ये त्यांच्या धातुरुपात आहेत 00:00:45.453 --> 00:00:47.395 असं वाटते कि त्याच्या विशिष्ट प्रकारची हवा आहे 00:00:47.395 --> 00:00:49.338 एका विशिष्ट प्रकारचे वायुकण 00:00:49.338 --> 00:00:52.210 आणि तुम्ही कोणत्या प्रकारचे वायुकण पाहत आहात, 00:00:52.210 --> 00:00:55.079 ते कार्बन आहे कि ओक्सिजन आहे कि नायट्रोजेन 00:00:55.079 --> 00:00:57.948 त्या सर्वांचे गुणधर्म वेगवेगळे असतात 00:00:57.948 --> 00:00:59.425 किंवा काही मूलद्रव्य द्रव स्वरुपात बदलतात जेंव्हा 00:00:59.425 --> 00:01:02.082 आपण त्याचं तापमान एका विशिष्ट मर्यादेपलीकडे वाढवितो 00:01:02.082 --> 00:01:05.018 जर सोने आणि शिशाचे तापमान पुरेसे वाढविले 00:01:05.018 --> 00:01:06.503 तर तुम्हाला ते द्रवरुपात मिळतिल 00:01:06.503 --> 00:01:09.841 आणि जर तुम्ही ह्या कार्बनला जाळलत तर 00:01:09.841 --> 00:01:12.076 तर तो वायुरूपात जाईल 00:01:12.076 --> 00:01:13.351 तो वातावरणात मुक्त होईल 00:01:13.351 --> 00:01:14.702 अशाप्रकारे तुम्ही त्याची रचना बदलू शकता 00:01:14.702 --> 00:01:17.271 तर हे सर्व माणूस पुरातन काळापासून 00:01:17.271 --> 00:01:20.585 पाहत आला आहे 00:01:20.585 --> 00:01:22.452 पण इथे एक प्रश्न उभा राहतो 00:01:22.452 --> 00:01:24.226 जो कि एक तात्विक प्रश्न आहे 00:01:24.226 --> 00:01:26.405 पण ज्याचे उत्तर आता आपण देऊ शकतो 00:01:26.405 --> 00:01:30.898 तो म्हणजे , जर आपण कार्बनचे सूक्ष्म सूक्ष्म तुकडे 00:01:30.898 --> 00:01:33.518 करत गेलो तर आपल्याला 00:01:33.518 --> 00:01:35.554 जो सुक्ष्मादि सूक्ष्म कण मिळेल 00:01:35.554 --> 00:01:39.867 त्याचे गुणधर्म 00:01:39.867 --> 00:01:43.166 कार्बनसारखेच असतील का ? 00:01:43.166 --> 00:01:45.256 आणि एखाद्या मार्गाने तुम्ही त्या कणाचे आणखी बारीक कणात रुपांतर केले तर 00:01:45.256 --> 00:01:48.390 तो कण कार्बनचे गुणधर्म गमावून बसेल काय? 00:01:48.390 --> 00:01:50.354 आणि ह्याचे उत्तर आहे होय 00:01:50.354 --> 00:01:52.200 00:01:52.200 --> 00:01:56.156 00:01:56.156 --> 00:01:59.025 00:01:59.025 --> 00:02:01.185 00:02:01.185 --> 00:02:05.291 00:02:05.291 --> 00:02:08.729 00:02:08.729 --> 00:02:10.400 00:02:10.400 --> 00:02:14.221 00:02:14.221 --> 00:02:17.892 00:02:17.892 --> 00:02:20.405 00:02:20.405 --> 00:02:25.014 00:02:25.014 --> 00:02:27.758 00:02:27.758 --> 00:02:29.374 00:02:29.374 --> 00:02:30.400 00:02:30.400 --> 00:02:32.379 00:02:32.379 --> 00:02:35.502 00:02:35.502 --> 00:02:39.148 00:02:39.148 --> 00:02:42.867 00:02:42.867 --> 00:02:51.995 00:02:51.995 --> 00:02:54.559 00:02:54.559 --> 00:02:57.079 00:02:57.079 --> 00:02:59.415 00:02:59.415 --> 00:03:00.755 00:03:00.755 --> 00:03:02.536 00:03:02.536 --> 00:03:03.991 00:03:03.991 --> 00:03:05.856 00:03:05.856 --> 00:03:07.758 00:03:07.758 --> 00:03:09.185 00:03:09.185 --> 00:03:11.239 00:03:11.239 --> 00:03:13.597 00:03:13.597 --> 00:03:17.043 00:03:17.043 --> 00:03:18.330 00:03:18.330 --> 00:03:21.193 00:03:21.193 --> 00:03:24.040 00:03:24.040 --> 00:03:25.901 00:03:25.901 --> 00:03:27.555 00:03:27.555 --> 00:03:29.379 00:03:29.379 --> 00:03:31.882 00:03:31.882 --> 00:03:35.912 00:03:35.912 --> 00:03:40.533 00:03:40.533 --> 00:03:42.231 00:03:42.231 --> 00:03:43.989 00:03:43.989 --> 00:03:45.565 00:03:45.565 --> 00:03:46.766 00:03:46.766 --> 00:03:47.950 00:03:47.950 --> 00:03:49.713 00:03:49.713 --> 00:03:51.970 00:03:51.970 --> 00:03:55.200 00:03:55.200 --> 00:03:58.467 00:03:58.467 --> 00:04:00.361 00:04:00.361 --> 00:04:03.255 00:04:03.255 --> 00:04:07.049 00:04:07.049 --> 00:04:09.150 00:04:09.150 --> 00:04:10.484 00:04:10.484 --> 00:04:11.788 00:04:11.788 --> 00:04:14.249 00:04:14.249 --> 00:04:17.439 00:04:17.439 --> 00:04:20.933 00:04:20.933 --> 00:04:22.585 00:04:22.585 --> 00:04:24.026 00:04:24.026 --> 00:04:26.605 00:04:26.605 --> 00:04:28.441 00:04:28.441 --> 00:04:30.991 00:04:30.991 --> 00:04:33.991 00:04:33.991 --> 00:04:37.037 00:04:37.037 --> 00:04:39.175 00:04:39.175 --> 00:04:40.718 00:04:40.718 --> 00:04:42.979 00:04:42.979 --> 00:04:48.092 00:04:48.092 --> 00:04:49.026 00:04:49.026 --> 00:04:51.375 00:04:51.375 --> 00:04:53.933 00:04:53.933 --> 00:04:55.952 00:04:55.952 --> 00:04:59.066 00:04:59.066 --> 00:05:02.556 00:05:02.556 --> 00:05:07.469 00:05:07.469 --> 00:05:10.445 00:05:10.445 --> 00:05:12.759 00:05:12.759 --> 00:05:14.087 00:05:14.087 --> 00:05:15.901 00:05:15.901 --> 00:05:17.844 00:05:17.844 --> 00:05:18.891 00:05:18.891 --> 00:05:22.769 00:05:22.769 --> 00:05:25.144 00:05:25.144 --> 00:05:28.010 00:05:28.010 --> 00:05:31.825 00:05:31.825 --> 00:05:35.524 00:05:35.524 --> 00:05:38.003 00:05:38.003 --> 00:05:40.096 00:05:40.096 --> 00:05:42.969 00:05:42.969 --> 00:05:45.492 00:05:45.492 --> 00:05:47.333 00:05:47.333 --> 00:05:50.154 00:05:50.154 --> 00:05:51.575 00:05:51.575 --> 00:05:54.667 00:05:54.667 --> 00:05:58.667 00:05:58.667 --> 00:06:02.800 00:06:02.800 --> 00:06:05.333 00:06:05.333 --> 00:06:07.172 00:06:07.172 --> 00:06:09.234 00:06:09.234 --> 00:06:10.589 00:06:10.589 --> 00:06:12.673 00:06:12.673 --> 00:06:14.050 00:06:14.050 --> 00:06:18.333 00:06:18.333 --> 00:06:20.067 00:06:20.067 --> 00:06:22.967 00:06:22.967 --> 00:06:25.447 00:06:25.447 --> 00:06:27.674 00:06:27.674 --> 00:06:30.116 00:06:30.116 --> 00:06:31.529 00:06:31.529 --> 00:06:34.133 00:06:34.133 --> 00:06:36.852 00:06:36.867 --> 00:06:38.861 00:06:38.861 --> 00:06:42.221 00:06:42.221 --> 00:06:46.133 00:06:46.133 --> 00:06:47.702 00:06:47.702 --> 00:06:55.123 00:06:55.123 --> 00:06:57.541 00:06:57.541 --> 00:07:00.420 00:07:00.420 --> 00:07:02.833 00:07:02.833 --> 00:07:04.821 00:07:04.821 --> 00:07:06.548 00:07:06.548 --> 00:07:08.348 00:07:08.348 --> 00:07:09.825 00:07:09.825 --> 00:07:11.600 00:07:11.600 --> 00:07:14.867 00:07:14.867 --> 00:07:19.067 00:07:19.067 --> 00:07:22.385 00:07:22.385 --> 00:07:24.200 00:07:24.200 --> 00:07:25.748 00:07:25.748 --> 00:07:28.021 00:07:28.021 --> 00:07:30.113 00:07:30.113 --> 00:07:31.733 00:07:31.733 --> 00:07:33.267 00:07:33.267 --> 00:07:35.905 00:07:35.905 --> 00:07:39.200 00:07:39.200 --> 00:07:43.200 00:07:43.200 --> 00:07:46.487 00:07:46.487 --> 00:07:48.333 00:07:48.333 --> 00:07:51.132 00:07:51.132 --> 00:07:53.831 00:07:53.831 --> 00:07:56.133 00:07:56.133 --> 00:07:58.677 00:07:58.677 --> 00:08:00.379 00:08:00.379 --> 00:08:03.675 00:08:03.675 --> 00:08:04.741 00:08:04.741 --> 00:08:06.405 00:08:06.405 --> 00:08:07.770 00:08:07.770 --> 00:08:11.844 00:08:11.844 --> 00:08:15.240 00:08:15.240 --> 00:08:16.628 00:08:16.628 --> 00:08:18.596 00:08:18.596 --> 00:08:21.342 00:08:21.342 --> 00:08:24.863 00:08:24.863 --> 00:08:27.495 00:08:27.495 --> 00:08:30.909 00:08:30.909 --> 00:08:32.467 00:08:32.467 --> 00:08:34.610 00:08:34.610 --> 00:08:36.842 00:08:36.842 --> 00:08:40.665 00:08:40.665 --> 00:08:43.200 00:08:43.200 --> 00:08:45.400 00:08:45.400 --> 00:08:49.467 00:08:49.467 --> 00:08:51.836 00:08:51.836 --> 00:08:54.634 00:08:54.634 --> 00:08:56.892 00:08:56.892 --> 00:08:58.846 00:08:58.846 --> 00:09:00.835 00:09:00.835 --> 00:09:02.956 00:09:02.956 --> 00:09:04.692 00:09:04.692 --> 00:09:06.700 00:09:06.700 --> 00:09:08.000 00:09:08.000 --> 00:09:10.499 00:09:10.499 --> 00:09:11.660 00:09:11.660 --> 00:09:13.749 00:09:13.749 --> 00:09:16.267 00:09:16.267 --> 00:09:18.691 00:09:18.691 --> 00:09:19.956 00:09:19.956 --> 00:09:22.073 00:09:22.073 --> 00:09:23.544 00:09:23.544 --> 00:09:26.408 00:09:26.408 --> 00:09:29.190 00:09:29.190 --> 00:09:32.400 00:09:32.400 --> 00:09:34.067 00:09:34.067 --> 00:09:36.644 00:09:36.644 --> 00:09:40.733 00:09:40.733 --> 00:09:43.009 00:09:43.009 --> 00:09:45.135 00:09:45.135 --> 00:09:47.200 00:09:47.200 --> 00:09:49.308 00:09:49.308 --> 00:09:54.579 00:09:54.579 --> 00:09:57.918 00:09:57.918 --> 00:10:02.477 00:10:02.477 --> 00:10:03.620 00:10:03.620 --> 00:10:05.467 00:10:05.467 --> 00:10:06.867 00:10:06.867 --> 00:10:08.400 00:10:08.400 --> 00:10:10.697 00:10:10.697 --> 00:10:13.146 00:10:13.146 --> 00:10:14.959 00:10:14.959 --> 00:10:16.546 00:10:16.546 --> 00:10:18.133 00:10:18.133 --> 00:10:20.129 00:10:20.129 --> 00:10:21.457 00:10:21.457 --> 00:10:25.088 00:10:25.088 --> 00:10:28.579 00:10:28.579 --> 00:10:33.154 00:10:33.154 --> 00:10:35.005 00:10:35.005 --> 00:10:36.818 00:10:36.818 --> 00:10:38.600 00:10:38.600 --> 00:10:42.333 00:10:42.333 --> 00:10:45.067 00:10:45.067 --> 00:10:47.140 00:10:47.140 --> 00:10:48.446 00:10:48.446 --> 00:10:51.546 00:10:51.546 --> 00:10:52.570 00:10:52.570 --> 00:10:54.164 00:10:54.164 --> 00:10:55.946 00:10:55.946 --> 00:10:56.842 00:10:56.842 --> 00:10:57.924 00:10:57.924 --> 00:11:00.733 00:11:00.733 --> 00:11:02.867 00:11:02.867 --> 00:11:08.123 00:11:08.123 --> 00:11:09.769 00:11:09.769 --> 00:11:12.403 00:11:12.403 --> 00:11:16.467 00:11:16.467 --> 00:11:18.650 00:11:18.650 --> 00:11:21.025 00:11:21.025 --> 00:11:23.271 00:11:23.271 --> 00:11:25.995 00:11:25.995 --> 00:11:27.600 00:11:27.600 --> 00:11:29.467 00:11:29.467 --> 00:11:33.867 00:11:33.867 --> 00:11:36.018 00:11:36.018 --> 00:11:41.267 00:11:41.267 --> 00:11:43.333 00:11:43.333 --> 00:11:46.733 00:11:46.733 --> 00:11:49.695 00:11:49.695 --> 00:11:52.200 00:11:52.200 --> 00:11:53.420 00:11:53.420 --> 00:11:56.300 00:11:56.300 --> 00:12:00.144 00:12:00.144 --> 00:12:02.723 00:12:02.733 --> 00:12:05.552 00:12:05.552 --> 00:12:10.338 00:12:10.338 --> 00:12:13.723 00:12:13.723 --> 00:12:15.218 00:12:15.218 --> 00:12:17.160 00:12:17.160 --> 00:12:19.230 00:12:19.230 --> 00:12:21.831 00:12:21.831 --> 00:12:25.138 00:12:25.138 --> 00:12:27.800 00:12:27.800 --> 00:12:30.039 00:12:30.039 --> 00:12:34.267 00:12:34.267 --> 00:12:36.553 00:12:36.553 --> 00:12:38.933 00:12:38.933 --> 00:12:40.785 00:12:40.785 --> 00:12:42.867 00:12:42.867 --> 00:12:44.302 00:12:44.302 --> 00:12:46.133 00:12:46.133 --> 00:12:51.800 00:12:51.800 --> 00:12:53.118 00:12:53.118 --> 00:12:54.920 00:12:54.920 --> 00:12:56.759 00:12:56.759 --> 00:12:58.667 00:12:58.667 --> 00:13:00.867 00:13:00.867 --> 00:13:03.129 00:13:03.129 --> 00:13:06.044 00:13:06.044 --> 00:13:09.036